The water conservancy situation of Baohe River

In 1842 (the 22nd year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty), He Zhongxuan compiled the "Liuba Hall Chronicles" and recorded: "There is no water conservancy in Liuba. In recent years, people from Sichuan and Chu have migrated to the areas on both sides of the river. If it is a little flat, embankments will be built to block the water, paddy fields will be opened, and small canals will be built in the Shixi River to provide irrigation. Each canal can be used to irrigate more than a hundred acres, and the small canal can be used to irrigate dozens or dozens of acres. The towns and villages are connected, and the locals call them names after the land. However, in summer and autumn, when the mountains and rivers rise, the fields and canals are eroded and silted out. , so it cannot be called water conservancy." In 1886 (the 12th year of Guangxu), a weir and ditch was built in Donggou Township to irrigate several acres of farmland, which is still in use today; in 1893 (the 19th year of Guangxu), a canal was built in Shaba in Madao Town; In 1894 (the 20th year of Guangxu), a weir and canal was built on the opposite bank of Taosha Dam in Beizhan River, with a length of 2 kilometers, which is still in use today. During the Republic of China, a Hexi water canal in Jiangkou Town was built, but due to errors in design and construction, it failed to open water. On both sides of the stream, stone embankments are built, and water diversion (artesian) irrigation canals are very small in scale. Most of them are built voluntarily by village households. They are often destroyed by floods, or they are dredged in spring and drained in summer in autumn.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, channels were built year after year, and water diversion projects increased year by year. In 1956, 19 new weirs and canals were built, expanding the irrigation area by 124 acres. But in the summer of the following year, heavy rains caused disasters, and in autumn many were destroyed by floods. In the spring of 1958, 1,033 weirs and canals were repaired (water-damaged restoration projects). In August, heavy rains occurred and 361 weirs and canals were washed away by floods. Since then, every year (especially in the 1970s), farmland infrastructure construction has been carried out during the slack season, weirs and canals have been built, and irrigation conditions have been improved. From gravity irrigation, a comprehensive irrigation system of diversion, lifting and prevention has been gradually built. By 1996, Liuba County had built 7 weirs and canals that irrigated more than 200 acres, and 43 weirs and canals that irrigated more than 50 acres, with an irrigated area of ??more than 10,000 acres. And successively carried out the management of rivers.

Statistical table of artesian weirs and canals irrigating more than 50 acres in Liuba County in 1996 Project address Water source opening and completion time (year and month) Canal length (meters) Canal length (meters) Canal irrigation area (mu) Lijiayuan Haoba River 1971.3～4 185 57 Xuewo Lujiaba Baohe River 1957～1958 3000 80 Xuantan Niancao Ditch 2000 60 Xuantan Niancao Ditch 1976～1977 2000 150 Ginkgoshu Baohe River 1958 1500 200 Jindongling Baohe River 1974.10～1976.6 500 180 Baimiaozi Xihe 1968.11～1969.3 200 50 Shijiawan Xihe 1979.10～1980.5 1000 90 Shishuba Xihe 300 120 Zhangjiayuan Xihe 300 120 Xujiayuan Xihe 1300 92 Hetaoba Group 2 Xigou River 1971.3～9 22000 300 80 Ershilipu Liziping Chahegou 1962.10～1963.1 500 50 Madaoshaba Ditch 1973.2~ 4 800 102 Jiangxi Ying Majiawan Baohe River 1958.8～1960.10 5000 347 Hexi Baohe River 1972.5～6 640 250 Jiangkou Yanwan Taibai River 1972.2～12 1000 1000 115 Jiangkou Laozhuangba Hongyan River 1962.3～4 570 135 Zhengjiaba Tai Baihe 2000 138 Jiangxi Ying Group Baohe 1958.12～1959.12 3960 540 168 Jiangkou Town Taibaihe 1982.2～10 1130 820 183 Jiangkou Foeryan Taibaihe 1958.11～1959.12 4850 150 320 Hexi Shiyazihong Yanhe1958.11～1959.5 1300 230 Xu Jiaba Taibai River 50 100 130 Yuhuangmiao Xinmin River 1000 103 Zheliyuan Shaba Estuary Haoba River 1970.7～8 560 60 Yuhuangmiao Group 5 Haoba River 2500 102 Liangjiaba Haoba River 2500 120 Dongfanghong Group 4 Haoba River Bahe 4000 163 Xiaojiayuan Haoba River 3700 210 Niangniang Temple Wufangfang Stream 2500 104

In Hantai District, there are two main categories: Shanhe Weir and Baohui Canal:

1 , Shanhe Weir

A large water diversion project in ancient times, which diverted the Bao River to irrigate farmland on both sides. "Reengraving Hanzhong Prefecture Chronicles" records: "The mountain and river weirs irrigate a wide area", and it is said that "it was built by Xiao He, Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty, and completed by Cao Shen". For more than two thousand years from the early Han Dynasty to 1942 (the 31st year of the Republic of China), most of the farmland in this city relied on this weir for irrigation. "Shaanxi Tongzhi" of the Qing Dynasty recorded that the mountain and river weirs were "mainly made of huge stones, supplemented by lock stones, with large trees on the side and long piles planted on them". This kind of interception project built with stones and fixed with wooden piles has a simple structure and is difficult to withstand flood erosion. Therefore, people in the irrigation area have to repair and strengthen the river weir almost every year. General maintenance is borne by the beneficiary farmers, and major repairs or reconstructions are subsidized by the local government.

Due to the important position of mountain and river weirs in agriculture and military affairs, far-sighted people in the past dynasties such as Zhuge Liang, Wu Lin, Wu Jie, Wu Gong, Yan Miao, Yan Ruyu, etc. have renovated or renovated them in order to develop the agricultural economy and win wars. played an important role.

During the Han and Tang Dynasties, six weirs were built in the Bao River section below Jitou Pass to divert water from the east and west banks. After the Southern Song Dynasty, except for the second and third weirs, the other four weirs were abandoned one after another, and only the east bank of the Bao River had irrigation channels. By 1939 (the 28th year of the Republic of China), there were actually three weirs on the Bao River, namely the second, third and fourth mountain and river weirs.

2. Baohui Canal

In 1934 (the 23rd year of the Republic of China), Li Yizhi, Director of Water Conservancy of Shaanxi Province, inspected the water conservancy in southern Shaanxi and proposed a plan to rebuild the Baohe River water diversion project, but it has not been decided for a long time. . In 1937, the people of Nanzheng, Baocheng and Chenggu counties decided to build Baohui Canal after repeated petitions. In 1938, the Shaanxi Water Conservancy Surveying and Design Team conducted a preliminary survey and design, and conducted a re-survey in 1939. In September, the Baohui Canal Engineering Office was established. Full-scale construction started in the winter of 1940. The project was divided into two phases. The first phase of the project was mainly for the canal head hub and the opening of the main canal, and the construction of a mortar masonry rolling dam with a length of 135.3 meters and a width of 8.55 meters. One section of Shensha Cao is 443 meters long, and the head of the canal is protected by three sections, with a total length of 1,212 meters. The main canal starts from the head of the canal and enters Guwenchuan River in the city through Hedongdian, Zongying, Lizigou, Fujiamiao, Shizigou and Honggou River, with a total length of 32.3 kilometers and 28.8 kilometers within the city. There are 3 branch canals and 46 bucket and branch canals under the main canal, with a total length of 61.6 kilometers. In March 1942, the canal was completed to test the water, and the water was opened in June. 84,000 acres of farmland were irrigated that year. The second phase of the project was to renovate and strengthen the existing buildings, add some buildings, and was completed in 1946. In the two phases of construction, more than 80 buildings of various types were repaired, 1.15 million pieces of work were invested, 1.26 million cubic meters of earth and stone and 20,000 cubic meters of masonry were completed, with a total investment of 4.09 million yuan. As the project was improved year by year, by 1949, the irrigation area expanded to 127,400 acres.

After liberation, Baohui Canal was fully renovated. The Baohui Canal has been repaired and improved year by year, and the efficiency of the facilities has been continuously improved. The water diversion flow of the channel has increased from 15 cubic meters per second in 1949 to 21.5 cubic meters per second. In order to regulate the water volume in the irrigation area, 16 new reservoirs such as Baliqiao, Shizigou, and Huangbayan and 42 water pumping stations including Yuanshang, Wuxiang Level 4, and Dongfanghong were successively built, so that the irrigation area basically formed a "diversion, storage, and pumping station". "Combined with the vine-shaped melon-type irrigation network, the irrigation area of ??Baohui Canal increased from 107,500 acres in 1949 to 165,300 acres in 1979. After 1971, Baohui Canal was placed under the Shimen Reservoir Irrigation District. Because the main canal is located in the south of the Shimen Reservoir hub, it was renamed the south main canal of Shimen Reservoir and is managed by the Shimen Bureau.

3. Shimen Irrigation District

Shimen Irrigation District is divided into Nangan Canal and Donggan Canal

Nangan Canal Nangan Canal was originally Baohui Canal. Construction started in October of the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), and the earth canal was undertaken by Baocheng, Nanzheng and Chenggu counties. The construction of the Chenggu section started in November of the 30th year of the Republic of China (1941) and was completed in January of the 31st year of the Republic of China (1942). The total number of migrant workers was 278,000 man-days, accounting for 41.8% of the total. Water was released from the main canal on June 1, 1942, the 31st year of the Republic of China. There are 5 holes in the water inlet gate at the head of the canal, with a diversion flow rate of 15 cubic meters/second. The main canal crosses the flood ditch and enters Cuijiashan Town of this county, with a total length of 32.2 kilometers, of which the county section is 3.5 kilometers, with a flow rate of 2.0 cubic meters/second. The whole canal irrigates 140,000 acres of farmland, of which 25,000 acres are irrigated in the county.

In 1951, the renovation was expanded, the barrage was renovated, the main canal was expanded and the channel was extended, and the design flow rate at the head of the canal was increased to 21.38 cubic meters/second. The irrigation canal system was adjusted and 17 new canals were opened with a length of 10.62 kilometers. From 1958 to 1965, the county used filled culverts to build the Duanjiagou and Sanchagou reservoirs, extended the main canal by 4.34 kilometers, and built the Qiushanwan Reservoir at the end of the canal. The total irrigation area of ??the whole canal expanded from 127,000 acres to 216,000 acres. , of which 51,000 acres are irrigated in this county. After the East Main Canal of Shimen Reservoir was opened to water in 1976, the irrigation area was adjusted, and 20,000 acres of cultivated land north of Baohui Canal were allocated to the East Main Canal for water use. Baohui Canal was renamed the South Main Canal of Shimen Reservoir, and the designated irrigation area was 195,000 acres, of which 3.11 were in this county. Thousands of acres.

Under the policy of "mainly water storage, mainly small-scale, and mainly self-operated by the masses", the Nangan Canal has built or renovated 3 bucket canals, 3 motor-driven wells, 10 water pumping stations, and an installed capacity of 142 kilowatts. . There are currently 5 bucket canals in the Nangan Canal, with a length of 26.154 kilometers; 205 diversion canals, with a length of 124.98 kilometers, of which 1.7 kilometers are lined; and 804 buildings of various types such as buckets, branches, and diversion canals. There are 4 reservoirs in the irrigation area, with a normal storage capacity of 1.887 million cubic meters; 23 ponds, with a capacity of 201,300 cubic meters.

In 1962, Liulin Commune rectified low-lying waterlogged fields, expanded drainage canals to 11 kilometers, built 12 additional drainage canals with a length of 13.6 kilometers, and built 21 buildings, turning 6,026 acres of mature fields into Two mature fields. Now the Nangan Canal irrigation area in this county has formed a combined irrigation system that combines storage, diversion and lifting, with an effective irrigation area of ??31,100 acres.

East Main Canal The construction of the East Main Canal of Shimen Reservoir started in November 1969. The channel project headquarters was established in the region, and a command post was established in the county. 4,000 migrant workers were deployed from Longtou, Wenchuan, Juyuan, Nanle District and Chengguan Town. It took 5 years and the county section was basically completed in 1974. The main canal winds eastward along the left bank of the Bao River from Hedongdian around the hilly slopes, and starts from Lijiaying as the Chenggu section. It crosses the ravine, passes through Lingmao, passes through the "Shaanfei" factory area, crosses the Wenchuan River from the south of Qianshan Reservoir Dam, goes eastward through Chenjiawan, and breaks through Funiu Mountain to connect with Junmin Reservoir. The total length is 39.6 kilometers, of which 18.1 is the county section. kilometer. 12 tunnels were dug throughout the canal, with a total length of 1,573 meters; 2 large aqueducts, with a span of 767 meters; 35 open culverts, with a length of 2,292 meters; 116 bridges, culverts, weirs and gate buildings were completed. A total of 1.5 million cubic meters of earth and stone will be excavated, 64,000 cubic meters of stone masonry, and 660 cubic meters of concrete will be excavated, with a total labor force of 2.76 million and an investment of 5.3844 million yuan in materials. The design flow rate at the head of the canal is 30 cubic meters/second, which decreases in stages. The flow rate entering the county is 8 cubic meters/second, and the flow rate at the tail end of the canal is reduced to 3.4 cubic meters/second. There are three branch canals (6, 7, and 8) and the Hongqi Canal in the territory. There are 831 buildings of various types in main and branch canals, including 165 in the county, which can irrigate 90,000 acres of farmland in the county. In 1972, water was released to irrigate fields. In 1974, the county benefited from an area of ??50,000 acres, of which 20,000 acres were expanded.

In 1972, at the same time as the construction of the Donggan Canal, the construction of the irrigation area began. The four branches of irrigation (except 8 branches) were expanded and reconstructed using old canals. The state subsidized 207,000 yuan, and the material costs were paid to the company. The original Hongqi Canal and Qianshan West Main Canal were merged into the East Main Canal system. In addition, 17 reservoirs, including Qianshan, Shuangling, Hanjiatang, Lijiagou, Yaoshuling, Mucokou, Xinqiao, Shangjinggou, Xiajinggou, Lijiawan, Julin, etc., have a total capacity of 18.6 million cubic meters; 342 reservoirs with a capacity of 2.7 million cubic meters are included in the East Main Canal system adjustment. In 1982, this county section had 14 pumping stations with an installed capacity of 182 kilowatts; 16 bucket canals with a length of 54.35 kilometers; 150 branching and diversion canals with a length of 255.69 kilometers; and 349 various buildings for buckets, branching and diversion canals. An irrigation network combining storage, diversion and lifting has been initially formed. In 1987, the effective irrigation area was 53,600 acres. From 1988 to 1990, the state invested 744,000 yuan to tap potential, improve the canal system, and renovate buildings. The irrigation area has carried out farmland infrastructure construction, with the effective irrigation area reaching 72,400 acres. The main flood control projects in the Bao River section of Liuba County are:

Beizhan River Chengguan section project, which was invested and managed in consecutive years from 1950 to 1996, with a total investment of 1.5 million, and the construction of 1 water storage dam and 4 diversion canals strip, 3,000 meters long, 7.54 kilometers of flood control embankments, total earth and stone volume of 134,000 cubic meters, and a total investment of 3.5 million yuan.

For the project on the west section of the mouth of the Baohe River, a 3,126-meter-long flood control embankment was built in 1975, including 1,226 meters of dry stone embankment and 451 acres of protected farmland. After 1981, flood control embankments were continuously reinforced. In 1994, the original dry stone embankment was replaced by cement mortar.

Bao River Wuguan Reach Project: In 1976, 1,000 meters of the river channel was dredged, 370,000 cubic meters of sand and gravel in the center of the main river channel were excavated, 197,860 cubic meters of mortared stone embankments were built, and 330,000 workers were employed. Investment is 1.8 million yuan.

In the Jiangwozi section of the Bao River, in 1984, a 1,000-meter embankment was built, all reinforced with mortar masonry, with an investment of 150,000 yuan, which not only ensured the smooth flow of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Highway, but also protected Jiangwozi Security in the market town.

Tiefodian section project of Baohe River. In August 1981, floods destroyed the Tiefodian Village section of Baohan Highway and submerged two villager groups on the upper and lower streets. In 1982, Tiefodian Township cooperated with the county highway management section to build a highway embankment. Villagers prepared stones. In 1983, a 2-kilometer-long, 7-meter-high, and 1-meter-thick flood control stone embankment was built from Wuguan River to Tiefodian Village. The total investment is 600,000 yuan. The roads were reinforced and villages restored, ensuring the safety of more than 500 residents of township-level units and townships. At the same time, 105 acres of farmland was restored.

Baohe Qingqiao Post Section Project, from 1970 to 1996, 2 kilometers of flood control embankments were renovated 15 times in the Qingqiao Post Section. The embankments were 11 meters high and 1.5 meters thick. They were made of mortared stone embankments and soil. The amount of sand and gravel reaches 390,000 cubic meters, and the investment is 1.1 million yuan. Ensure the smooth flow of the National Highway 316 bridge and ensure the safety of government agencies, units and residents where Qingqiao Yi Township is located.

For the Hongyan River Zheliyuan Township Project, 820 meters of flood control embankments were built in 1978, with 30,000 workers and an investment of 137,000 yuan. It protected 4,200 acres of cultivated land and created 100 acres of land.