What does David Herbert Lawrence do?

David Herbert Lawrence was an English novelist, critic, poet and painter in the 20th century. His representative works include Sons and Lovers, Rainbow, Woman in Love, Lady Chatterley's Lover, etc.

Lawrence was born in a miner's family and worked as an accountant, factory clerk and primary school teacher of a butcher. He has been wandering at home and abroad for more than ten years and holds a critical and negative attitude towards reality. Lawrence writes poetry, but mainly novels. He wrote 10 novels,1/short story collections, 4 plays, 10 poetry collections, 4 prose collections, 5 theoretical works, 3 travel notes and a large number of letters in his life.

Chinese name: David Herbert Lawrence.

Mbth: DavidHerbertLawrence

Nationality: UK

Place of birth: Nottingham, England

Date of birth: 1885 September 1 1.

Date of death:1March 2, 930

Occupation: writer

Graduate school: Nottingham University

Masterpieces: Women in Love, Sons and Lovers.

Character experience

Lawrence1September 1985 1 1 was born in isherwood Town, a coal mining area in Nottinghamshire, central England. In his later literary creation, he often took his hometown as the place where the story happened and developed, which he called "my beloved place". Lawrence graduated from Nottingham High School. Later, he worked in a surgical medical instrument factory in blackwood Town, and later left due to pneumonia. During his illness, he often went to Chambers' Higgs farm to meet Jesse Chambers and other young people. Their common interest is reading.

From 1902 to 1906, Lawrence worked as a teacher in a primary school in isherwood. During these years, Lawrence began to write poems and novels at the same time. 1907 won the prize in the short story competition held by Nottingham Guardian. 1908 obtained the teacher qualification certificate of Nottingham University. In the autumn of the same year, he left home for London to continue writing and teach at the same time. His poems were sent to Ford maddox, editor-in-chief of the influential British Review at that time, through Jesse Chambers.

1909, Ford published these poems in the British Review. In the same year, Ford also published Lawrence's short story "Gathering Heart", which attracted the attention of publisher Heineman, and Heineman contacted him for further publication. His mother died on 19 10. His relationship with his mother was very close, and her death became a turning point in his life. After his mother died, Lawrence suffered from pneumonia again, which later developed into lung disease, leading to his early death.

19 1 1 year, Lawrence stopped teaching and decided to make a living by writing. This year, his novel The White Peacock came out, and Lawrence officially started his writing career. Lawrence is also writing and revising Sons and Lovers.

19 12 years, Lawrence finished Sons and Lovers in Italy. This book was published in 19 13, and his friend Edward cut more than 100 pages when editing. Lawrence is very dissatisfied with this. After the novel was published, it was recognized by critics. In the same year, they returned to England for a short stay and met the publisher John Middleton Murray and the New Zealand-born short story writer Katherine Manthfield. They soon returned to Italy, and Lawrence began to write The Rainbow and Women in Love. These two works explore some potential factors that may affect marriage, personal achievements and interpersonal relationships.

During the First World War, Lawrence was constantly harassed by the government because he advocated peace and his wife was German, so neither of them could get a passport. Accused of spying for Germany, he was officially deported from Cornwall in 19 17 and was not allowed to immigrate until 19 19. This year is the beginning of their wandering life. This experience of persecution was later described in the autobiographical chapter of his novel Kangaroo published in 1923. After that, until Lawrence died, they wandered together for more than ten years; Lawrence called this experience a "barbaric pilgrimage".

19 15 years, Rainbow Publishing. This is a story about two sisters growing up in northern England. After coming out, he was banned by the government for obscenity. At this time, Lawrence began to write The Lost Girl, which was not finished, and was rewritten and revised at 1920.

Lawrence left England after the First World War, and has only come back twice since then, only for a short stay. He and his wife have been wandering around and have been to several countries and regions, including Australia, Italy, Sri Lanka, North Africa, Mexico, France and Sicily. They only stayed there for a short time.

1922, they went to the United States and wanted to live in the United States for a long time, but their health did not allow them. Lawrence lived in Taos Farm in Mexico for the longest time, and for several years, he dreamed of building a utopian society there, but his lung disease became more and more serious, and he had to return to Florence, Italy in 1925. During this period, he constantly revised Lady Chatterley's Lover and published a private edition in Paris on 1928.

1930, Lawrence died of lung disease in Vance, southern France, at the age of 44. His wife's third husband later put his ashes in a small church in the mountains of New Mexico.

Personal life

Lawrence's family is a poor working-class family. Her father is a miner and an alcoholic, and her mother is a primary school teacher. Her educational level is much higher than her husband's. Lawrence's adolescent life is influenced by poverty and friction between his parents.

Lawrence once dated several women, such as Jesse Chambers (the prototype of Marianne in Sons and Lovers), Helen Kirk and his fiancee Louise Barros, but they all broke up in the end. 19 12 years, he met Frieda von Ritchie Taofeng, the wife of a language professor at Nottingham University, and they fell in love. Frida is six years older than him. She abandoned her husband and three children, and went away with him to Merz, Bavaria, a disputed area on the border between France and Germany at that time, and became his lifelong companion. Merz was then a German military fortress, and Lawrence was arrested on charges of being a British spy. Later, Frieda's father intervened and was released. 19 14, Lawrence and Frieda returned to England and got married in July of that year.

Main work

Creative characteristics

Theme of the work

novel

Lawrence's creative theme is the relationship between man and society, man and nature, man and woman, but the most striking one is the relationship between men and women. Lawrence boldly touched on the topic of "sex" when describing the relationship between men and women. Everyone has and needs it, but it makes the world talk about sex. In his novels, from White Peacock to Sons and Lovers, Rainbow, Woman in Love and Lady Chatterley's Lover, there are many long descriptions about sexual scenes. Lawrence's description of human sexuality and animal desire is related to his attempt to find ways to save mankind at the bottom of life, such as Chatterley. It vividly describes sex, "to show the beauty and importance of sex", and it is an eulogy and praise for love, thus strongly attacking and denouncing the western industrial civilization that imprisons, suppresses, distorts and alienates love.

He regards sex as an experience with mysticism, although the theme of sex in his works has undergone changes and development. On the eve of World War I, he regarded this war as a contest between love and hate. Therefore, in his love in the haystack, sons and lovers written by 19 12, and his two novels, Rainbow and Woman in Love written by 19 13, he hinted at this theme. After this war, he increasingly regarded "male tenderness" as the source of love. He developed this theme poetically and powerfully in his works such as The Dead, Feather Snake and Lady Chatterley's Lover.

A main thread that runs through all his works is class consciousness. It is characterized by the combination of a lower-class man and an upper-class woman. Men in upper-class society are usually depressed and lack the instinctive strength of human nature. In Lawrence's novels, class differences show dramatic and powerful effects in Sons and Lovers, Rainbow, Feather Snake and Lady Chatterley's Lover. As far as brush strokes are concerned, Love in the Haystack enhances the contrast between light and shade.

Lawrence's world travel and his strong hatred of industrialism made early culture more attractive to him. In Brave Massimore and Feather Snake, he saw their dark and mysterious knowledge from the Indians of New Mexico and Mexico, which was closer to the origin and essence of life than the educated minds of Europeans. He is keen on using mysticism to deepen the theme of his works. This is also manifested in other ways. "Brotherhood"-deeper than ordinary friends, but not gay-has always attracted his thoughts, especially in Women in Love and Feather Snake. In Love in the Haystack, the lack of "brotherhood" between the two brothers is one of the reasons for the conflict, and the solution of this conflict depends on the happy ending of a theme battle designed by Lawrence. This is a battle between men and women full of love and hate. Another contradictory theme is the embodiment of Lawrence's "leader dream": one person will be in the dominant position, while the other party will obey him as a disciple. This is the theme of Aaron's cane (1992) and kangaroo. Feather snake (1926) has a brief introduction of "brotherhood".

poetic sentiment

Lawrence's poetry can be roughly divided into three stages: early, middle and late. Most of his early poems are autobiographical. In the middle period, Lawrence's eyes turned to nature. He expressed his love for birds, animals and flowers in vivid language. In Lawrence's later poems. He mainly expressed his views on death and rebirth.

Artistic feature

In writing, Lawrence relies on inspiration. Inspiration came, and he was extremely excited to write, and ideas poured in; When he lacked inspiration, he simply stopped writing. He never takes notes, only by memory. When he started writing, and there was a "high-spirited moment", the past was always vividly displayed in front of him. The background plot of Love in the Haystack is based on this vivid memory, such as the memory of the farm scene in Herges. This is where he met and fell in love with Jesse Chambers. He doesn't pay much attention to "skills of writing novels" or "skills of writing poems", so his novels, poems and stories are always loose in form. However, due to the extremely strong life experience he expressed, he still received a compact and coherent effect.

There is an important design in Lawrence's works. In other words, he used the Nottingham-Derbyshire dialect spoken by his father and the people at Chambers Farm as needed. In Sons and Lovers, the use of this dialect contributes to the contrast between father and mother. In his last novel, Lady Chatterley's Lover, the theme and background returned to England. Melos, the gamekeeper, can speak both dialects and English used by the upper class. The choices he made according to his needs show that at any given moment, the changes in his mood and temperament are closely related to his relationship with Lady Chatterley. In Love in the Haystack, dialect is not only a realistic means, but also, as in Lady Chatterley's Lover, it is a more direct and intense English form than the upper language in expressing feelings.

Personality assessment

Lawrence is one of the great novelists. He is mainly famous as a first-class novelist in the English literary tradition (British literary critic Levi's)

"Lawrence just wants to show his real ideal in his works. If he doesn't write, he will write a masterpiece, whether it is a vivid theme or a proud person, whether it is an out-of-line image or a sharp language. In short, he must be an entity with flesh and blood, thought, personality and truth in the novel. This is the value of Lawrence. " (Comment by scholar Mao Xinde)

Personality dispute

Because Lawrence's creation basically belongs to the category of realism, the description of emotion and sex in the book is very straightforward and undisguised. This was rare in his time. Rainbow was once banned because of its lesbian plot, and a publisher claimed that "sons and lovers are the most obscene books I have ever read".

Lady Chatterley's Lover once caused a major obscene scandal in Britain. Because the description of sex in the book is too explicit (perhaps because the "lover" comes from the working class), the British court even filed a case for review in the name of "obscenity". However, Penguin Books, its publisher, finally won the lawsuit.