Crack down on online rumors in various countries.

Various forms of network rumors are the same problem faced by governments all over the world. In the fight against online rumors, the position of all countries is the same: crack down severely and never be soft. In this regard, all countries are constantly exploring and boldly practicing according to their own reality. Generally speaking, the actions of countries to crack down on online rumors can be roughly divided into the following categories: government-led, industry association-led and social public-led. The Media Development Bureau will promptly investigate and deal with rumors until it is prosecuted for libel.

The Internet penetration rate in Singapore is very high. The prevalence of the Internet has brought a lot of convenience, as well as social problems such as online rumors. How to monitor network rumors and nip them in the bud has become a major concern of the government.

1996, Singapore Broadcasting Authority is authorized by relevant laws and regulations to manage network information. In 2003, according to the revised Internet-related laws and regulations, the Singapore Media Development Board took over the functions of network information management from the Broadcasting Bureau. The bureau encourages the network industry to establish its own evaluation standards. If online rumors are found, the bureau will promptly investigate and deal with them, and those with serious rumors will be prosecuted for libel. 130 laws and regulations regulate the content of network communication.

20 10 on may 7, a survey released by the pew research center in the United States showed that 32% of American teenagers had been bullied and harassed by people who spread rumors online, posted private emails without permission, received threatening information, and uploaded embarrassing photos without permission.

In order to effectively manage the Internet, the U.S. Congress and government departments have successively passed about 130 related laws and regulations, including the Federal Law on Prohibiting the Use of Computer Crimes, the Law on Computer Crimes, the Law on Proper Communication, and the Law on the Protection of Children's Internet, etc., to regulate Internet communication contents including rumors.

American states and cities have also passed relevant laws and regulations. New york has passed legislation to punish spreading rumors about the financial situation of banks. 20 12 65438+ 10 1 A new law that came into effect in California, USA, stipulates that schools have the right to suspend or expel students who use the Internet to spread rumors and other "bullying behaviors". The maximum penalty for spreading false or fraudulent information is 3 years imprisonment.

In June, 2000, India promulgated the Information Technology Act, covering criminal proceedings, administration and other contents. After the series of terrorist attacks in Mumbai in 2008, India amended its laws to stipulate that individuals who spread false and fraudulent information on the Internet can be sentenced to a maximum of three years' imprisonment, and those who intentionally use computer technology, undermine national security or commit terrorist acts against people can be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment up to life imprisonment.

In 20 1 1 year, India revised the information technology law again, focusing on strengthening the standardized management of websites, stipulating that relevant departments of the Indian government have the right to close down suspicious websites and delete content, and websites should delete bad content within 36 hours after receiving the notice. At the same time, website operators need to clearly inform users in the statement that they are not allowed to publish content that incites national hatred and threatens national unity and public order. From September 20 10, in order to safeguard national security, the Indian government requested to monitor communication software such as BlackBerry and instant messaging, as well as social networking platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, and repeatedly asked the above network operators to assist the government in deleting suspected illegal network content. Rumor management is a part of the whole social crisis management.

In Britain, rumor control is a part of the whole social crisis management. To this end, Britain has set up a citizen consultation bureau in the community, whose main responsibility is to answer public questions and eradicate social problems.

The Citizens' Advisory Bureau is an organization that the government provides free legal advice. Most of its staff are volunteers with professional knowledge from different fields of society. The Citizens' Advisory Bureau is closely linked with the government, parliament and other aspects, so it can guarantee the authority of providing advice. At the same time, the public can find the relevant departments more directly through the Public Consultation Bureau, improve the communication efficiency between the public and the relevant departments, and expand the right to know.

Practice in Britain has proved that rumor control centers or consultation centers can disseminate real information in time in times of social unrest, natural disasters and other crises, thus achieving the role of community harmony and social stability. In some special historical periods, in order to ensure social stability, Northern Ireland also launched the "anti-rumor and anti-terrorism panic" campaign. The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology and the State Telecommunications Commission have cracked down on rumors that interfere with administration.

Venezuela is plagued by various rumors and the public opinion struggle is fierce. Venezuela is about to hold a presidential election, and the lies that arouse people's dissatisfaction have resurfaced.

2065438+On February 4th, 2003, the eastern oil pipeline of Venezuelan oil company broke, which led to the water cut in Mathurin, the capital of Monagas. A few days later, the Venezuelan government announced that 95% of the polluted areas had been cleaned up. However, Carabor, Vaud, controlled by the Venezuelan opposition, later claimed that the central water plant extracted water from the polluted Lake Valencia and directly supplied water to the residents after simple disinfection by the water plant, resulting in a large area of drinking water pollution around Caracas, the capital of Venezuela. The state asked the central government to declare a state of emergency. For a time, the opposition media showed their magical powers and magnified the "pollution disaster." CNN's Spanish channel has also joined the ranks of communication.

President Chavez defined such rumors as "media terrorism". The Venezuelan procuratorate conducted an investigation and asked the media to provide relevant evidence when reporting this matter. Finally, the Attorney General of Venezuela made a telephone speech, and there was conclusive evidence to prove that the water supply met the drinking standard. Venezuela's Minister of Environment gave a detailed introduction to the treatment methods of drinking water. The situation gradually subsided.

In order to crack down on spreading rumors and interfering with government administration, the Venezuelan government has set up a special agency: the Ministry of Communications and Information, which is responsible for news management and news release; National Telecommunications Commission, managing information dissemination. Congress also promulgated the Law on Social Responsibility of Radio Stations, Television Stations and Electronic Media, which regulates the behavior of all radio stations and television stations in the country, especially puts forward higher requirements for network management. In addition, Venezuela has closed down private radio and television stations that spread rumors, and opened columns on international television stations to clarify various rumors. Train "anti-rumor agents" to spread the truth to neighbors.

The municipal government of Barcelona, Spain, has set up a post of "rumor-dispelling agent" to recruit and train staff to specifically dispel rumors and spread the truth to the community and neighbors. When citizens encounter rumors in their daily life or travel, there are also ways to analyze them immediately.

Anti-rumor agents have comprehensive and accurate information, which provides a basis for them to crack rumors. For example, when someone complained that "all the people currently enjoying apartment subsidies are foreign immigrants", the agent who resisted the rumor quickly clarified: "The proportion of foreign immigrants among those receiving apartment subsidies today is 1/20."

At present, there are more than 350 brokers in Barcelona resisting rumors. The practice of this city has been recognized by other cities in Catalonia, and some cities in Greece and Switzerland are also interested in it and intend to learn from Barcelona. The Basic Law on Electronic Communications severely punishes false information disseminators who endanger public interests.

In April 2008, South Korea and the United States reached an agreement on importing American beef. Rumors about the hidden danger of mad cow disease in American beef were widely spread on the Internet, and South Korea's MBC TV station also produced related programs, which triggered a strong demonstration and rally against the import of American beef, which lasted for more than two months. After investigation, the South Korean prosecutor thought that the core content of MBC TV program was false, and immediately filed a lawsuit against the relevant person in charge of the TV station.

At the end of 65438+February of the same year, after the outbreak of the international financial crisis, Park Dae-sung, an employee of an ordinary company in South Korea, posted a message on the Internet saying that major financial institutions in South Korea issued emergency orders to prohibit enterprises from buying dollars to avoid excessive depreciation of the won. South Korea's stock market and foreign exchange market are in a panic. Major financial institutions in South Korea claimed that the news was untrue, and the prosecution subsequently sued Park Dacheng.

After the above two incidents, the legislature promptly studied and formulated stricter laws and regulations to punish those who published rumors. At present, South Korea's Basic Law on Electronic Communications stipulates that anyone who uses electronic communication equipment to publicly disseminate false information for the purpose of endangering public interests will be sentenced to five years' imprisonment and pay a fine of 50 million won (1 USD, about 1 138 won). Veracruz and Tabasco amended their criminal laws to crack down on rumors.

Not long ago, two teachers in Veracruz, Mexico, used social networking sites to spread the news that some schools were attacked and students were kidnapped, which triggered social panic and caused traffic paralysis in the state. In order to crack down on similar rumors, the state passed an amendment to the criminal law: anyone who falsely claims that there are explosive devices, armed attacks and chemical, biological or toxic substances that may cause human injury in any way, thus causing social disorder, can be sentenced to 1 to 4 years in prison and fined.

The Congress of Tabasco also passed an amendment to the Criminal Law: whoever disseminates false alarm or emergency information by telephone or other mass media, endangering social stability or causing social chaos, shall be sentenced to six months to two years' imprisonment and fined. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications issued a directive to prevent rumors from spreading through trade associations.

20 1 1 After the Great East Japan Earthquake, various rumors about the earthquake and the Fukushima nuclear accident spread rapidly on the Internet, causing great panic to the people.

Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications issued a notice requesting power communication operators under the jurisdiction of "Power Communication Operators Related Groups" to take necessary measures known to the public to eliminate the harm of rumors while ensuring coverage. Relevant groups of electric power communication operators include electric power communication operators association, electronic communication service association, Japan Internet Access Association and Japan Cable TV Union.

Japan is a country that attaches importance to the organization of trade associations. All enterprises should join the association where the industry is located and obey the instructions of various industry associations. Telephone, television, Internet and other fields also have their own trade associations. Most trade associations are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Interior and Communications. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications indirectly manages telephone, television and Internet by issuing notices to trade associations to prevent rumors from spreading. The network service provider signed an agreement to promise not to spread rumors.

Australia is one of the earliest countries in the world to improve Internet management, and combating and preventing rumors is one of the key contents of its Internet management.

Australian laws and regulations on network management are jointly formulated by government, industry and audience representatives. Australian Internet service providers have signed an agreement with the Government Communications and Media Administration to ensure that rumors and spam will not spread. The Communications and Media Administration also provides filtering software to Internet service providers to ensure the effective implementation of the agreement. Netizens and journalists set up rumor websites to provide true information.

The harm of rumors shocked the French. On September 30th, 20 1 1, hundreds of middle school students from all over France took to the streets to protest against the cancellation of the one-month holiday by the education department. The French education department said that there has never been such a decision. It turned out that it was only at the meeting of the Ministry of Education that someone proposed to shorten the school holiday by 15 days, but the result was misinformed and triggered protests.

In response to all kinds of rumors, some netizens and journalists in France spontaneously set up rumor websites such as "Stop making rumors". The homepage of this website reads: "This website aims to provide real information through the Internet, not those false information passed down from mouth to mouth. Please tell us what you think is a rumor as soon as possible. If it is verified as a rumor, this website will announce it. "