Ginger planting management technology

Because raw ginger is warm, cold-resistant and frost-resistant, it must be cultivated after the final frost and harvested before the first frost. Generally, sowing can only be carried out when the ground temperature rises to 16C, and the growth period should be about 150 days. It is generally advisable to sow before the first ten days of May. Because ginger should be "germinated" before sowing. Generally before sowing 1 month. There are three steps before accelerating germination: drying and trapping ginger seeds, and selecting seeds to accelerate germination. First, take it out of the ginger kiln and dry it 1~2 days, then put it indoors for 3-4 days, and cover it with straw mats, which is called seasonal ginger. "

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Then choose a good ginger, the ginger slices are fat, the buds are full and bright, and the taste is odorless. The method of accelerating germination in Shandong Province is to build a brick pool, pile warm ginger in the pool for 40-60 days, then cover the ginger with two layers of paper, spread wheat bran on the paper, cover the straw mat with the thickness of 10- 12 cm, and then accelerate germination and sow for 20-25 days. You can also use the sun-bed germination method and greenhouse germination method to put ginger seeds into cartons, seal wheat bran and keep it moist, and sun-bed germination in greenhouse. The germination temperature should be kept at 20-28℃, slightly lower in the early stage and slightly higher in the later stage.

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2. Soil preparation and fertilization

Ginger requires loose, fine and fertile soil, preferably sandy loam with much organic matter, ventilation and softness. In order to prevent and control "ginger blight", it is best to choose a plot where ginger has not been planted for 2-3 years. Ginger likes fertilizer. Generally, 90,000 kilograms of base fertilizer, plant ash 1.500 kilograms and 375 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are applied per hectare. The fertilization method is to concentrate fertilization by ditching or to combine general application with furrow application. Fertilizer must be fully decomposed. Otherwise it will cause rotten ginger.

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sow seeds

After germination, the whole ginger seed is broken into 50-70g seed blocks. Each piece can have 3~4 buds, leaving only one of the fattest and normal growing ginger buds, and breaking off the rest. The base of the ginger bud is black, which means that the ginger is sick, so it should be strictly eliminated and cannot be planted. The bigger the seed block, the more vigorous the growth and the higher the yield of Jiang Miao, but the seed block is very large. Generally, 3750-4500 kilograms of ginger seeds are needed for each species per hectare.

The suitable sowing date of ginger in Shandong Province is early May. When sowing in the border, open a sowing ditch of 10- 12 cm in the middle of the border and pour a small amount of water along the ditch. The seed block mold is placed in the ditch, so that the ginger buds are placed in the same direction (one end of the long buds faces south), and the plant spacing is about 17 cm. A small amount of effective nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied between plants as seed fertilizer. Level the boundary surface with a rake and cover it with soil for 5 cm. If you sow directly by ditching, you can rake the furrow into a furrow after sowing.

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4. Tian Tuan management

(1) Shading: Jiang Miao is afraid of strong light and dryness. Before emergence after sowing, insert a row of grass or tree strips with leaves on the south side of the ginger border to cover the flowers. The average plant spacing of grasses is 3 cm and the height is 70~80 cm. Slightly inclined to the north, cross-woven in the line to enhance the wind resistance. You need 5250 kilograms of grass per hectare. Ginger is planted in Shandong, and the shaded Jiang Cao can't be removed until late summer and early autumn. When interplanting ginger between wheat rows, you can leave the straw in the same place for shade. "Inserting Jiang Cao" is an important management measure to cultivate ginger, which can prevent strong light, reduce temperature and reduce evaporation of mounds.

(2) Fertilizer and water management at seedling stage: water can be used after the seedlings grow completely. After that, water every 5-7 days to keep the topsoil dry and wet. Between watering, intertillage the soil in time to remove weeds. The intertillage near the ginger tree should be shallow so as not to hurt the root and ginger (ginger mother). When ginger is nutritious, if new buds grow on the ground after the main buds are unearthed, they should be pulled out in time to concentrate nutrition on the growth of lateral buds on the main stem. When the first branch grows (Sanma right), top dressing is performed for the first time. Apply decomposed manure 15000 kg per hectare to the ditching zone 10 cm north of Jianghang, and water it after application. Jiang Miao is in the rainy season, so we should pay attention to the timely elimination of water in the field.

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(3) Management of the vigorous growth period of ginger: The average temperature from early August to early September is between 20℃ and 25℃, and the air is humid and sunny, which is most suitable for the growth of ginger stems, leaves and tubers. Most biological output and product output were formed during this period. In early August, "Jiang Cao" should be cleared, about 300 kilograms of urea should be applied per hectare, and soil should be cultivated and watered. After soil cultivation, the ginger border became a ridge with a height of 10- 13 cm and a width of about 25 cm. In the future, we should always keep the ground moist to promote the vigorous growth of stems, leaves and ginger slices without premature aging.

The second and third topdressing were carried out in late August and mid-September. Apply urea 150~225 kg once per hectare. In the whole process of fertilization and topdressing, 65,438+05,000 kg of dry fertilizer, 750 kg of urea and 375 kg of potassium sulfate were used per hectare. The whole vigorous growth period is also the epidemic period of ginger blast. In addition to crop rotation, disease-free ginger seeds and disease-free fertilizer, irrigation should use clean and germ-free water, that is, strict "four cleanings": clean soil, clean fertilizer, clean seeds and clean water. Stop watering ginger before and after peeling to prevent bacteria from invading from the wound. If found, the diseased plants should be removed in time, and the diseased spots should be disinfected with lime.

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5. Prevention and control of pests and diseases

(1) Ginger rot (ginger cancer): It is a disease caused by bacterial infection, and the bacteria causing ginger rot belong to Pseudomonas. After ginger is invaded by germs, the leaves droop first, turn yellow from bottom to top, and then become soft, rotten and smelly. Pathogens mainly overwinter in rhizomes and soil, and their transmission routes are: diseased ginger seeds, soil-borne diseases (diseased soil is an important source of infection of ginger blast), fertilizer-borne diseases and irrigation water-borne diseases. Pathogens are mainly

From the invasion of natural cracks and mechanical wounds on the stem base and ginger balls, the optimum temperature for bacterial development is 26~30℃, and the sandy soil with high dry terrain and good drainage is less ill. The main measure to control ginger blight is crop rotation to cut off the transmission route of soil-borne diseases. Strictly select disease-free ginger varieties. Don't compost the diseased ginger residue and pad the diseased soil to prevent the fertilizer with germs from spreading diseases. Choose land with high geothermal dryness and good drainage to grow ginger.

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