What was the political and economic system of the American colonial period?

In the process of the first industrial revolution, the beginning of the American industrial revolution was almost synchronous with that of France, but the development speed was far faster than that of France, because the conditions for industrial development in the United States were superior to that of France. What are the advantages of the United States?

After the independence of the United States, like the bourgeois regimes in other countries, in order to meet the needs of developing capitalism and expanding slave plantation economy, the United States quickly embarked on a crazy territorial expansion of Zhang Zhilu. After decades of expansion, the territory of the United States has expanded from the initial 2.05 million square kilometers to 777 square kilometers, extending from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast, accounting for half of the North American continent. What has such a vast territory brought to the United States? -Rich in minerals, water conservancy, forests and other resources, fertile land, suitable climate, long coastline and excellent port. These are the deep foundations of American industrialization and agricultural mechanization.

Second, the vast territory of the west with reasonable economic layout and close market ties has not been abandoned, followed by the famous westward movement in the United States. A large number of people moved to the west, reclaimed land, built roads and bridges, and prospered and developed capitalism ... In this process, Americans gradually formed a professional layout of the American economy according to natural and local conditions: the northeast is a traditional industrial zone, and the south is a cotton and sugarcane economic planting park. The vast central and western regions are mainly productive agricultural areas, including wheat kingdom, cattle kingdom, cotton kingdom and vineyards. These specialized economic regions need to make up for each other and strengthen commodity exchange, so that the trade volume between regions will increase exponentially or even tenfold. This interdependent market has a great influence on American industrialization, which is unmatched by other countries. On the one hand, it provides endless market power and abundant raw materials for American industrial production. On the other hand, it also makes the development of American transportation ahead of Britain and France: 1807, the appearance of Fulton steamship made the innovation of transportation take the lead in the United States, 1860, the gross tonnage of American ships reached 5.354 million tons, ranking first in the world; 1860, the railway line in the United States reached 48,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world. The development of transportation has strengthened the links between all parts of the United States. Once the ties are strengthened, the speed of developing capitalism in the United States will run like a dark horse.

Third, the open mainland, immigrant countries, and young America are in great need of labor, so they accept a large number of immigrants with an open attitude. Immigrants not only bring labor, but also bring advanced technology and production experience. -In the long run, the westward movement and a large number of immigrants have cultivated and developed the enterprising and innovative spirit and cheerful and open character of the American nation to a certain extent. From a biological point of view, immigrants from all corners of the country are far apart from each other, which is very beneficial to eugenics.

After the independence of the United States, a joint regime of the northern bourgeoisie and the southern plantation class was established. In the early days, although there were contradictions between the south and the north, they maintained a high degree of consistency in the general direction of American development (such as foreign expansion), thus making the United States have a relatively stable political situation. Moreover, the United States is far away from European powers and suffers less from war. A stable international environment is also conducive to the stable development of production.

France has become America's "purse", and "surplus capital" keeps flowing. The development of capitalism in France has a characteristic: capitalists invest a lot of capital mainly in the fields of finance and credit, not in the field of production; Investing abroad is far more than investing at home. Therefore, although the young United States lacks the capital to develop capitalism, it can introduce funds from European countries, especially France, which has always attached importance to the development of finance and credit. Although France has earned a lot of interest, the benefits generated by the use of these endless "surplus capital" by the United States are much more than those earned by France.

6. Skipping the feudal era, compared with France and other countries, the most favorable condition for developing industries with American characteristics is that the United States has never experienced a feudal society and is directly based on the capitalist economy. This makes the United States less bound by feudal guilds, old traditions and customary forces, which is conducive to the development and popularization of new technologies in a relatively free and relaxed social environment.

Seven, the government and the people are United, and their benefits can be broken. 1783 The United States gained independence, but only politically, and still relied heavily on Britain economically. Moreover, Britain will not be willing to be independent of the United States, and will do everything possible to attack the United States, especially to obstruct the trade between the United States and other European countries. The contradictions between the two sides have intensified. The Second Anglo-American War ended in1812-1814. During the war, the British army once captured Washington and burned buildings such as the Capitol and the White House. Therefore, the American government, especially the northern bourgeoisie, wants to completely get rid of its economic dependence on Britain and not be bullied by Britain. Only by developing our own economy and strengthening our national strength can we strive for self-improvement. The industrial revolution is a good opportunity. The American government seized this point and adopted an attitude of attaching more importance to rejuvenating the country through science and technology and supporting the people in the industrial revolution than the French government, thus firmly catching the train of the times and squeezing itself from a weak country into the forest of world powers.

Eight, standing on the shoulders of giants, the starting point is higher than other countries. The British industrial revolution began in11960s, and the United States was several decades later. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, many inventions in the British industrial revolution took root and blossomed in the United States through immigrants crossing the Atlantic. Therefore, the American industrial revolution stood on the shoulders of giants, with a higher starting point and a better foundation. This has led to the rapid development of American industry and many new inventions and creations. Such as sewing machines, cotton gin, tractors, ships, etc. Especially the standardized production method of machine parts has been adopted and popularized, which greatly promoted the development of machine manufacturing and the popularization of machines.

9. Step into the ranks of overseas colonies and actively explore overseas markets. The United States not only expanded in the North American continent, but also entered Latin America, China and Japan, which made the United States have an overseas market not inferior to French. For example, around 1860, American-made coarse cloth not only monopolized the domestic market, but also began to compete with British goods in China and Latin America. In a word, the United States has many advantages for industrial development. In this case, * * *. The American economy is developing rapidly. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/8th century, the British colonial economy in North America developed rapidly, with developed industry and commerce in the north, abundant wheat in the middle and prosperous plantations in the south. Many products produced in North America can even compete with British products in the international market. Britain hoped that North America would always be its raw material producing area and commodity market, and tried its best to suppress the economic development of the colonies and seek more wealth from them. The colonial people were dissatisfied with British exploitation and slavery, and the contradiction between the two sides became increasingly acute.