Governance and development of Tokyo River

As early as the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the population in the abdomen of Jianghan Plain increased dramatically, and reclamation and development were unstoppable. Domestic residents and immigrants built dikes in Gaofu on both sides of the Tokyo River to fight floods. Reclamation has brought about the development of agricultural production, so it has further expanded reclamation. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the dikes along the Tokyo River reached their peak. During Jiaqing and Daoguang years, there were thousands of dikes on both sides of the strait, gradually forming the regional characteristics of "living on dikes and competing for land with water". However, blind reclamation and competing for land with water have also led to a series of social contradictions: water conservancy disputes have increased and floods have occurred frequently. At that time, there was a folk song in Mianyang: "Husha Mianyang Island will not be collected for ten years and nine years; After a year's harvest, dogs don't eat glutinous rice porridge ",which profoundly illustrates the different scenes of floods and water conservancy. In the late Qing Dynasty, in view of this, the court ordered the prohibition of private dikes, and at the same time advocated the combination of dikes. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the long banks on both sides of the upper reaches of the Dongjing River had begun to take shape.

During the Republic of China, we continued to combine dikes and strengthen them. In the middle of the Republic of China, dikes on both sides of the Taiwan Strait were repaired several times. However, due to frequent wars, social unrest and poor people's livelihood, the development of Dongjing River embankment is slow and the flood disaster is getting worse. According to the Minutes of Hubei Dike, "Dongjing is the place where Jianghan collects water and injects water. Although there are many dikes, it is impossible to install a orchid. Preventing from the top is to collapse from the bottom, and the south is strong and the north is weak. They are all shielded and there is no unified planning. They are scattered in the sand, beggar their neighbors, and even the banks of adjacent dikes are self-reinforcing. " Until the eve of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), there were still 74 dikes on both sides of the Dongjing River, including 30 on the south bank and 44 on the north bank. When the autumn flood season comes, there is a tendency to build a river on the Han River, and there is a danger that the river will flow backwards, which often leads to flooding.

After the founding of New China, the Party and people's government attached great importance to the construction of Dongjing River dike, and always put flood control safety in the first place. In 1950 and 10, the Dongjing River Rehabilitation Department was established, and the Dongjing River embankment was approved by the central government as an important branch dike at the provincial level. Dike construction is managed by the local county and city people's governments as a whole. For more than 40 years, the rehabilitation department has made unremitting efforts to strengthen dike construction as the primary task of governing the Dongjing River and achieved remarkable results. It is embodied in the construction of three major flood control projects:

The first is the dike reinforcement project. 1950 to 1955, based on the establishment and planning of the organization, 1953, according to the water level of Taozhubu port of 42.10m, the height of the dike1.40m, the internal and external slopes1:. 1956 to 1966, according to the instructions of the provincial water resources department, "Dongjing River dike and Jianghan main dike should be repaired correspondingly, planned in a unified way and completed by stages", the river dike should be comprehensively rectified, the flood control standard should be improved, the downstream water diversion project should be implemented, and the cone probe grouting should be carried out to improve the quality. From 1967 to 1990, the water level in Taozhubu is 42.26 meters above Zhonggeling and 3 1.48 meters below Zhonggeling. The crest height 1m, width 5-8m, inner and outer slopes 1∶3. Embankment filling adopts "three degrees and one filling", adding internal and external platforms, separating embankment and road, and adopting "one-stop" construction of mechanical cone exploration and mechanical hydraulic filling to facilitate the transition to standard embankment section.

As of 1990, 96.724 million cubic meters of earthwork and 577.438+00,000 cubic meters of stonework have been completed in the whole dike. The crest is generally raised by 3-5m, exceeding the maximum flood level 1-10.5m/67.84km, accounting for 52.20% of the total length, and exceeding1m149.32km, accounting for 52.20% of the total length. The dike with a width of 6-8 meters is 98.70 kilometers long. It accounts for 3 1. 12% of the total length, of which the length of 4-6m embankment is 218.456km, accounting for 68.88% of the total length. Pull back 2l with the mouth closed, with a length of 98.235km 19 and a length of18km; 96 revetments with a length of 96.555 kilometers; 99 cones, 65,438+0,504,000 cones and 65,438+0,565,438+0,000 cubic meters of grouting soil were drilled and grouted. The dikes are basically standardized and standardized.

The second is the downstream water diversion project. In order to alleviate the long-term flood in the flooded area of Dongjing River, 56 km12 km of Honghu levee was built at 1955, with 5147,000 cubic meters of earthwork and 5,000 cubic meters of stonework, with an investment of 2,825,900 yuan. Subsequently, the construction project of Xintankou sluice was completed, which started the downstream water diversion project. From 1963 to 1966, through the planning and design of the Yangtze River Basin Planning Office and the Hubei Provincial Water Resources Department, Mianyang levee was built, deep-water spillway was excavated, and Huangling sluice project was built. 36.04 kilometers of Mianyang dike was completed, with 3.652 million cubic meters of earth and stone, with an investment of 710.20 million yuan; 24.30 km of diverted river course was excavated. Completed earthwork of 6.385 million cubic meters, with an investment of 65.438+0.8469 million yuan. After the completion of the water diversion project, it has received comprehensive benefits of flood control, drainage, snail control and reclamation.

The third is the shelter forest project. In accordance with the spirit of relevant provincial and local instructions, shelter forests will be built on a trial basis from 1955, and the development of shelter forests will be incorporated into dike construction projects, and people along the dike and dike guards will be organized to vigorously carry out afforestation activities. Since 1955, we have adhered to the principle of "preventing waves near the river, drawing materials from the backwater, and raising dikes with forests", adopted the system of "state-owned team battalion and proportional sharing", and implemented the management mode of "combining fixed points by sections with special groups". By the end of 1990, 9.25 million trees had been planted circularly, and there were 2.2098 million trees, which made the dikes on both sides of Dongjing form four uniform green belts and brought unprecedented benefits. The benefits of wave prevention are remarkable, ending the history of "the Dongjing River is bright, the flood rushes to the embankment, the wind and waves are unimpeded, and the people suffer". Economic benefits, as 1984 forestry experts from Sweden and the Federal Republic of Germany, organized by the United Nations, said when they visited the Qianjiang dike forest: "Good, living fossil, green treasure house, miracle on earth". At present, two long dikes, four forest belts, 20 culverts, 15 pumping station, Zhaojiatai, Beikou and Baimiao highway bridges stand on both sides of the Dongjing River, forming a magnificent engineering system.