Where is the northern population distributed after moving south?

In ancient times, the large-scale southward migration of Han people in the north began after Qin unified the whole country, and it was rare since the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, the three migrations of the northern population to the south played a very important role in the formation of the southern Han nationality. ZVs]_`(+

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Due to the distance from the emigration place, the direction of the migration route and the economic and cultural foundation of the emigration place, the distribution of immigrants in the southern region is extremely uneven and the number varies greatly. In addition, the original population base of immigrant areas is different, and the proportion of immigrants in the total population varies greatly from region to region. The main distribution of immigrants is: ZL% x1g.

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After the Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, the wave of immigrants was divided according to local conditions. Jiangsu Province receives the most immigrants, with Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Changzhou in the south of the Yangtze River being the most concentrated, and Yangzhou and Huaiyin in the north of Jiangsu. The second place is Anhui. Most of the overseas Chinese counties that resettle immigrants are scattered between Jianghuai and Jiangnan, and Jiangnan is only near Wuhu today. Hubei's immigrants are mainly concentrated in the Hanshui River Basin, from Yunxi and Zhuxi to Yicheng and Zhongxiang, with Xiangyang as the center. In addition, there are a certain number of immigrants in Jiangling and Songzi areas, Wuchang and Huangmei areas. There are also a number of overseas Chinese counties in Huaihe River Basin in southern Henan, Hanshui River Basin at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, northeast of Chengdu, Sichuan, near the Sichuan-Shaanxi traffic line, and pengshan county. Jiangxi and Hunan provinces are far away from the Central Plains, and there are few immigrants. Only a few overseas Chinese counties have been established in a small part of the north. The edge of this immigration tide is roughly in the central Sichuan Basin, northern Hunan, northwestern Jiangxi and central Zhejiang, and only a few scattered immigrants are south of this line. b5 & lt； & amphN4g

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According to Mr. Tan Qixiang's opinion, the population of overseas Chinese states, counties and counties can be regarded as the approximate number of Du Nan's population. js； p7wi

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According to Records of Counties in Song Dynasty, there were a large number of overseas Chinese counties in the eighth year of Ming Dynasty (464). The total population in the state and the population of overseas Chinese counties are: South Xuzhou (equivalent to Zhenjiang, Changzhou and Wuxi in Jiangsu today) is 4 1.8 million and 222,000 respectively; South Yanzhou (equivalent to today's Jiangsu Jianghuai area) 1.25 million and 38,000; Nanyuzhou (equivalent to today's Jianghuai area in Anhui Province and most of the south of Huaihe River in Henan Province) is 1.5 million and 1.26 million; Yongzhou (equivalent to Xiangfan, Gucheng, Hubei and Nanyang, Henan)158,000,82,000; Qin Zhou (equivalent to present Hanzhong area in Shaanxi) is 56,5438+0,000 and 56,5438+0,000. Therefore, in the above-mentioned states, the population of Qiaoxian County is either the basic part of the local population (Qin Zhou, 100%), or the main part of the population (South Xuzhou, South Yuzhou and Yongzhou, accounting for 53%, 84% and 52% respectively), or about one third (South Yanzhou, accounting for 30%). The above-mentioned densely populated areas are generally south of Qinling-Huaihe River and north of Daba Mountain-Hanshui River-South Bank Plain in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. New york: B.

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① According to the History of Chinese Immigrants, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Ge and Fujian People's Publishing House will be published soon. M^IEu }

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② Ethnic Migration after Jin Yongjia's Funeral, Changshuiji, Volume I, Page 2 19, People's Publishing House, Edition 1987. ! ]f8 0z

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(3) The determination of overseas Chinese counties is based on the population data of the total number of counties in Song County Records and Tan Qixiang's National Migration after Jin Yongjia's Funeral. Where only some counties below a county belong to overseas Chinese counties, it shall be calculated according to the ratio of the number of counties and counties within the county. n8 UG{。 =

During the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the largest number of immigrants in various regions were in the south of Jiangsu-Anhui Yangtze River, Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, Sichuan Basin and southern Shaanxi Qinling, followed by the northern half of Jiangxi and Jiangsu-Anhui Jianghuai area, the northern part of Hubei Yangtze River and southern Henan. Fujian was an important immigrant area in the late Tang Dynasty. According to the distribution of immigrants and their proportion in the local population, they can be divided into three regions: n( RQre

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(1) Dense areas, that is, most prefectures and counties have become the main population. Today, south of the Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, Daba Mountain, north of the main stream of the Yangtze River and up to the estuary are all densely populated areas. ej9 1)3AO

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(2) Point areas, that is, some prefectures and counties in the same area have more immigrants, while others have fewer immigrants, so they are not densely distributed in points. This area is south of Daba Mountain and the main stream of the Yangtze River, and north of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Nanling Mountains. In a few prefectures and counties, immigrants account for a certain proportion of the population. 4Jn+Ot。 ，d

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(3) Sparse areas, that is, except for a few local immigrants who failed to affect the local population composition, the total number of immigrants in the whole area is small. This area is located in the south of the dotted line area. ①& amp； ? 【g8A

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After the Jingkang Rebellion in the Song Dynasty, the scale of southward migration was much larger than that in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Only before the signing of Shaoxing Peace Treaty, there were about 5 million people, and most counties of Fuzhou Army in the south had different numbers of immigrants. The largest number of immigrants in various regions are Jiangnan, Shanghai and Zhejiang in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, followed by Jianghuai, Sichuan, southwestern Shaanxi and Fujian in Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and Guangdong and Guangxi are the least. According to the distribution of immigrants and their proportion in the local population, it is still divided into three regions. Compared with the migration tide in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, the change is mainly reflected in the increase of dense areas on the south bank of the Yangtze River, and the rest are basically the same. In the Jiangnan area of Hubei Province (excluding Enshi), the western plain of Dongting Lake in Hunan Province and the Yangtze River Delta area centered on Hangzhou, Nanjing and Suzhou, due to the serious decline of local population and the massive immigration of northern immigrants in the Song Dynasty, northern immigrants also became the main part of the population. ②CCHG d & amp； \Z

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To sum up, the distribution of the population in the south of the three waves of migration to the south has the following characteristics: ~ 6A；; H$dr

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First, the Jianghuai area and Hanshui River Basin, which are located in the south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains and between Daba Mountain and Yangtze River, are often densely populated areas in every wave of population migration from north to south. VTUSM{TC

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Secondly, during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Southern Dynasties and Southern Song Dynasty, some areas on the south bank of the Yangtze River joined the immigrant-intensive areas. In these two waves of immigration, northern immigrants are the main part of the local population. =; “eZ

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Third, the vast areas located in the south of Daba Mountain-the south bank plain of the Yangtze River, the north of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau-Nanling Plateau and the east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau belong to point areas, and immigrants do not dominate the population. l(Y a，/4

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Fourthly, Guangdong and Guangxi, located in the south of Nanling, have a relatively limited number of immigrants in each southward migration, which is a sparse area. (A )f r4

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Fifth, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with Yunnan-Guizhou provinces and neighboring Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi and Sichuan regions, has almost no immigrants every time it moves south, which is a blank area for immigrants. ov & ltvSc<。 u

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In recent years, some scientists have investigated the distribution of gm and km in 74 groups of 24 nationalities in China, determined the gm factor of 9560 individuals, calculated the genetic distance according to the haploid frequency of gm and drew the phylogenetic tree, thus obtaining the hypothesis that the Chinese nation originated from two different groups in ancient times. The dividing line between the two populations is about 30 degrees north latitude, the north belongs to the northern type, and the south belongs to the southern type. The distribution of gm phenotype between the two populations is obviously different. Moreover, the Han nationality living in the north and the ethnic minorities living in the north are a cluster, and the Han nationality living in the south and the ethnic minorities living in the south are a cluster. The difference between the southern Han nationality and the northern Han nationality is far greater than that between the Han nationality and the local ethnic minorities.