What are the main rivers in Shanxi?

There are many rivers in Shanxi. There are more than 240 rivers in the province, with a drainage area of over 100 square kilometers, of which 8 rivers with a drainage area of over 4,000 square kilometers are Fenhe River, Qinhe River, Sushui River, Sanchuan River, Shui Xin River, Sanggan River, Hutuo River and Zhanghe River. The first five flows west to south, belonging to the Yellow River system; The last three rivers flow eastward and belong to Haihe River system. Fenhe River, the largest river in the province, originates from Leiming Temple at the foot of Guancen Mountain, with a total length of 7 10 km, runs through the central part of the province and joins the Yellow River near Qian Miao Village in Wanrong County, with a drainage area of 1 10,000 square kilometers, which is the main agricultural belt in the province. The Qinhe River originates from Erlangshenggou in Taiyue Mountain, flows through Qinyuan, Anze, Qinshui, Yangcheng and other counties, and then flows into Henan Province through Taihang Mountain, where it joins the Yellow River, with a total length of 450km (35 1 km in the province) and a drainage area of10000km2 (9315km2 in the province). It is one of the rivers with the richest hydraulic resources in Shanxi. Sushui River originates from Henglingguan in Jiangxian County and flows southward into the Yellow River, with a total length of 196 km and a drainage area of 5,548 square kilometers. Shui Xin River has two upstream sources, the north source comes from Beishilou Mountain in Xixian County and the south source comes from Nanyao Mountain in the northeast of Puxian County. The two tributaries meet in Wucheng and flow westward into the Yellow River, with a total length of134km and a drainage area of 432 1 km2. Sanchuan River is formed by the confluence of north, east and south rivers from Lishi County to Jiaokou Town. It flows through Fangshan, Lishi, Zhongyang and Liulin counties, with a drainage area of 4 1 and 6 1 square kilometer and an average annual runoff of 1 100 million cubic meters. Haihe River is more than 400 kilometers long in Shanxi, with a basin area accounting for 25% of the total basin area (234,000 square kilometers) and a catchment area of 1 10,000 square kilometers, accounting for the whole province. Sanggan River is 252 kilometers long in Shanxi, with a drainage area of 1 10,000 square kilometers. Hutuo River is 330 kilometers long in Shanxi, with a drainage area of 1 10,000 square kilometers. Zhanghe River is divided into Zhanghe River and Zhang Zhuo River in Shanxi Province. Qingzhang River flows through Taihang Mountain and enters Hebei Province at Lixiangquan in Licheng, with a river length of 150 km and a drainage area of 4,043 square kilometers. Zhang Zhuo flows into Henan via Changzhi Basin in Pingshun Mata Village, with a river length of 223.2km and a drainage area of 1 10,000km2. The Yellow River flows between Shanxi and Shaanxi canyons, running through the north and south of Shanxi. Because the river bed is relatively large, the flowing water is urgent, navigation is difficult, and irrigation water is inconvenient, but it is rich in hydraulic resources, which is the largest water source available in Shanxi. Fenhe River is the largest river in Shanxi, with a total length of 7 10 km and the second largest tributary of the Yellow River. Fenhe is a great cause, hence the name Fenhe. Fenhe River originates from the jellyfish cave at the foot of Guancen Mountain in Dongzhai Town, ningwu county, and the surrounding Longan Spring and the strange stones for governing the country flow through Dongzhai, Sanmaying, Gongjiazhuang, Ermaying, Toumaying, Huabei Tun, Shanzhai, Beitun, Kuaiguan, Ninghua, Bamen, Nantun, Zizi Temple, Chuanhutun and other villages, and then through the six cities of Ningwu. Fenhe river basin covers an area of 3974 1 km2, accounting for about a quarter of the total area of the province, and has nurtured 4 1% of the population of the province. According to historical records, Fenhe River was once rich in water resources. During the Warring States Period, Mu Gong fought a "rowing campaign". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty returned to Fenhe River by boat; From Sui to Tang, Song, Liao, Jin and Shanxi, grain and Guqisong on Guancen Mountain entered the Yellow River and Weihe River, and were transported to Chang 'an and other places by water through Fenhe River, which is called "under the trees of Fenhe River" in history books. Until the 1950s, in the song "People say that Shanxi has a good scenery", the gratifying scene of "Fenhe River running" was still vivid. Fenhe River is surrounded by jiusan, with boundless forests, gurgling streams, pavilions and beautiful scenery. It has been included in the list of famous mountains and rivers since ancient times. "Shan Hai Jing" contains: "Governing the mountain and dividing the water. West flows into the river (Yellow River). " "Notes on Water Classics" contains: "Fenshui leaves Guancen Mountain in the north of Fenyang, Taiyuan." Throughout history, Fenyuan and Fenshui have made great contributions to the long and splendid civilization of Sanjin. The cradle and birthplace of the Jinjian civilization in Fenyuan is a place where people in Sanjin think about drinking water and seeking their roots for gratitude. Its pure and mellow water quality and beautiful scenery have enjoyed the reputation of the first scenic spot in Sanjin since ancient times. At present, Fenyuan tourist attractions include Fenyuan Lingfen, Leiming Temple and Louzi Mountain. It is a provincial-level tourist attraction, a place of attachment, reverence and yearning for the children of Sanjin, and a symbol of the cohesion of the people in the province. Qinhe River was called Qinshui in ancient times, also known as Num, Zuo Zhuan? In the twenty-third year of Xianggong: "The Duke of Qi attacked Jin and took the song of the dynasty. Team two, enter Mengmen and board Taihang Mountain. Zhang is in Yingting, guarding and sealing off less water. "The lack of water in this article refers to the Qinhe River, which refers to the section near Duanshi. Qinhe River originates from Erlang deep ditch at the foot of Mianshan Mountain in the northwest of Qinyuan County. After flowing through Guodao Town, it flows into Chishiqiao River in Beiyuan and purple red river in Dongyuan. This is completely consistent with the record in the Water Classic Note: "Qinshui is also short of water, or Yangtou Mountain in Guyuan County is a world-famous valley. Odd injection of three sources, after a stream, there are three mountains and rivers in the south, which fall out through the calendar, near the stream on the left and right, and staggered wings are also injected. "Li Daoyuan takes the purple river east of Qinhe River as the positive source in his notes, so the Qinhe River originated in Yangtou Mountain. Yangtou Mountain, also known as Luo Qiao, spans the junction of Wuxiang, Qinxian, Pingyao and Qinyuan. Chishiqiao River and Zihong River both originate from this mountain, and meet Jacky in Guodao Town. Therefore, it is said that "three sources of strange sounds, after a diarrhea, fall." Qinhe River flows through Jiaokou Village and Baihuyao River flows in from the east. Hexi village, there is the Langwei River from the west; In Zhongyu Township, the leader urged Xichuan River to flow in from the west, hence the name "Three Rivers Flowing South". At the same time, there are streams pouring in on both sides, so it is said that "the left and right sides are close to the stream, and the staggered wings are also noted." "This finally flows through Danan Village and flows out of Qinyuan County. After passing through Anze County, Qinshui County and Yangcheng County in the south, Qinhe River passes through Taihang Mountain and flows into Henan Province. Then Qinyang, the economic source, injected into the Yellow River near Xiying, Wuzhi County. The total length is 456 kilometers, and the drainage area is 1.29 million square kilometers. It is 363 kilometers long in Shanxi, with a drainage area of 93 15 square kilometers. Qinhe River is the second largest river in Shanxi Province after Fenhe River. The Surabaya River originated in Chencun Village, Henglingguan, Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province. " Shuijing Note: "Surfing water flows out of Dongshan millet valley in wenxi county, Hedong." Note: "Water came out, commonly known as ancient paintings, and went to Xing Xing and Taotao for hydration. The water source comes from East Julia, and the world thinks that Qing Xiang is also. "Sushui River flows southwest through wenxi county, Xiaxian, Yuncheng and Linyi to Wuxing Lake in yongji city, and joins the Yellow River near Yuan Hongdao Village, with a total length of 196 km and a drainage area of more than 5,548 square kilometers. The main tributary of Sushui River is Yaoxian Canal, which was named after Yaoxian, a salt official, in 605-607 (Sui Daye) and rebuilt to protect the salt pond. The Yaoxian Canal originated in Wenxi, flows through Xiaxian and Yuncheng, and goes around the east and north sides of Yanchi to Yongji Enlisted Lake. It is a seasonal river. Sanchuan River is formed by the confluence of Beichuan, Dongchuan and Nanchuan, hence the name Sanchuan River. The mainstream is Beichuan above Lishi City, Shanxi Province. Fangshan county Chijianling, which originated in the western foot of the northern section of Luliang Mountain, flows through Fangshan County and reaches Dongchuan, a tributary of Lishi City, and is called Sanchuan River. Then it flows into Nanchuan, a tributary of Jiaokou Town, 6 kilometers downstream, and then flows through Liulin County. Xihekou Village in Shi Xiang Town is injected into the left bank of the Yellow River. The total length of the river is176km, and the elevation of the estuary is 624m. Dongchuan has two sources, one is called Xiaodongchuan in the north, which originates from the bone ridge mountain in the Lvliang Mountains and flows to the northeast and southwest. The south one is called Dadongchuan, which originates from Shenlingou at the foot of Luliang Mountain, passes through wucheng town, flows from southeast to northwest to Xiaodongchuan in Chejiawan, flows through Tianjiahui from east to west, and flows into the left bank of Sanchuan River in Lishi City. Nanchuan originated in the foothills of Lvliang, jiepailing, Fengwei Village, Liu Jiaping Township, Zhongyang County, Shaanxi Province. It flows through Zhongyang County in the northwest direction and flows into the left bank of Sanchuan River in Jiaokou Town of Lishi. ? The main stream of Sanchuan River can be divided into upper, middle and lower reaches: from Heyuan to Gedong Town (where fangshan county is located) as the upper reaches, the river course is 49 kilometers long, with a gradient of 8‰, with narrow valleys and alternating valleys. Gedong Town to Lishi City is the middle reaches, with a river length of 52 kilometers and a gradient of 4.7‰. This section is the local agricultural production base, with wide valley, flat land and good water conservancy conditions. Below Lishi City is the downstream, and the flow direction changes from northeast to southwest. The river is 75 kilometers long, with a gradient of 3.8‰. The valley from Lishi City to Jiaokou Town is wide, and the valley from Jiaokou Town to Liulin County is narrow, with tortuous rivers and less Sichuan land. From Liulin County to Houdacheng Hydrological Station, the valley is loose, with an average width of about 800 meters. The valley below Houdacheng is a canyon section, with curved rivers and fast-flowing water. Sanchuan River is the second largest tributary among many tributaries flowing into the left bank of the Yellow River from the west of Shanxi, with a drainage area of 4 1, 6 1 square kilometer. According to the measured data, the average runoff of Sanchuan River for many years is one billion cubic meters. If the spring water in Liulin County is one billion cubic meters, the annual exploitable groundwater is one billion cubic meters, making the total water resources one billion cubic meters. Maximum annual runoff 10 billion cubic meters, minimum annual runoff 10 billion cubic meters, and the maximum-minimum ratio is 3. The average sediment discharge for many years is 29.08 million tons, and the annual variation of sediment discharge is even greater. The maximum annual sediment discharge is 83.5 million tons, the minimum annual sediment discharge is only 46 1 10,000 tons, and the maximum-minimum ratio is 1.8. The distribution of water and sediment is concentrated throughout the year, with the water amount accounting for about 60% of the annual water amount in flood season (July ~ 65438+1October) and the sediment amount accounting for about 95% in flood season. Sediment is often concentrated in several storms and floods, causing a lot of soil erosion. The soil erosion area of the whole basin is 2767 square kilometers, accounting for 10% of the whole basin area. The annual sediment transport of the Yellow River is 29.08 million tons, and the average sediment transport per square kilometer in the basin is 6,989 tons. If the soil erosion area is average, it will be as high as 105 10 tons per square kilometer, while the erosion amount in some areas can be as high as 20,000 tons per square kilometer. Water-centered water-centered basin is located on the east bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and at the southern end of Luliang Mountain in Shanxi Province, which is the main gully distribution area in the Loess Plateau of China. Shui Xin originates from Motianling, Puxian County, Shanxi Province, with a total length of 134 km, and flows into the Yellow River in the west of Daning County. The whole basin includes 40 townships (towns) in Puxian, Xixian, Daning, Jixian and Yonghe counties, and individual natural villages in Xiangning and Jiaokou. The basin covers an area of 4326 square kilometers. Shui Xin flows through the Loess Plateau with less water and high sediment concentration. The annual average natural runoff of Daning Station is 1 100 million cubic meters, the annual average sediment concentration is 55 kg/cubic meter, and the annual sediment discharge is 2,830 tons. Sanggan River is an important tributary of Haihe River, and there are two rivers in its upper reaches: Hezi River and Hui River. The main stream Huihe River originates from Fenshuiling Village, Guancen Mountain, ningwu county, Shanxi Province, and Zi Yuan originates from Jiekou Mountain, Zuoyun County, Shanxi Province. These two rivers are called Sanggan River only after they meet in Shuo County and Yi Village. Sanggan River flows through Shuoxian, Yin Shan, Yingxian, Huairen, Datong and Weijiabao villages in Yanggao County and enters Hebei Province. The total length of Sanggan River in Shanxi is 252km, and the drainage area is17142km2. The main tributaries of Sanggan River are Huangshui River, Hunhe River and Yu He. Hutuo River, Taixi Mountain in Fan Shi, flows southwest between Hengshan Mountain and Wutai Mountain, eastward to Jiehe River, across Zhoushan and Taihang Mountain, eastward to Zangqiao Bridge in xian county, Hebei Province, and joins Fuyang River, another tributary of Ziya River. The total length is 587 kilometers, and the drainage area is 1 10,000 square kilometers. The main tributaries are Wu Yang River, Yunzhong River, Muma River, Qingshui River, Nanping River and Yehe River. Feather arrangement, mainly concentrated above Huangbizhuang, with no tributaries below. The land potential in the basin is stepped from west to east, and the west is located in the mountains and basins on the eastern edge of Shanxi Plateau, with high terrain and thick loess distribution. The central part is a mountain range formed by Taihang anticline, which is rich in coal mines; The east is a plain. Natural vegetation is scarce in the basin, and soil erosion is serious. The area flowing through mountains, mountains and hills accounts for about 86% of the total basin area, and the total river drop is more than 1800 meters. Above Yaochi, it is upstream and flows southwest along Wutai Mountain in a banded basin. The width of the river varies from 100 m to 1000 m, and the water flow is slow. Yaochi to Gangnan is the middle reaches, flowing through Taihang Mountain area. The valley is deep, V-shaped, with a width of less than 200 meters, a big drop and a fast current. Below Huangbizhuang is the downstream, which flows through the plain. The river is very wide, with a maximum width of 6000 meters. The water flow is slow and the sediment is deposited, and it gradually becomes an overground river or a semi-overground river, with dikes built on both sides. The basin has a temperate continental monsoon climate, and the temperature decreases with the elevation of the terrain from east to west. The annual precipitation is 400 ~ 700 mm, which is concentrated in summer. Surface runoff is mainly replenished by rainfall. The average annual runoff is about 2.2 billion cubic meters, which is unevenly distributed. The runoff at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain is larger, and it decreases as it goes upstream. The annual distribution of runoff is also uneven and varies greatly during the year. The amount of water in rainy years is 10 times that in dry years. The flood peak caused by heavy rain is high and steep, mainly from the main stream and Yehe River, which mostly occurs in July and August. Sediment concentration 1 1.4 kg/m3, with an annual sediment discharge of 2,920 tons. There are large and medium-sized reservoirs such as Gangnan, Huangbizhuang (see Gangnan Reservoir and Huangbizhuang Water Control Project), Gushan, Xiaruyue, Guanguan, Shuangrushan, Shiban, Xiaguan, Dashimen and Guo Zhuang 10, and there are many small reservoirs and ponds. The flood disaster has been basically controlled, and the benefits of irrigation and power generation are remarkable. The basin is rich in mineral resources, especially coal. There are also economically developed cities such as Shijiazhuang and Yangquan. Xibaipo (see Pingshan County), Cangyan Mountain Scenic Area and longxing temple can all go. Hutuo River has many different historical names. The Book of Rites is called evil pool or fire pool. Zhou Li is called the back pool. During the Warring States Period, it was called Lunshui (Hu Chi Water). Qin called Houchi River. The Eastern Han Dynasty called Hutuo River. Historical records call it running, also known as Yalun. It is said that Zhu is human. Cao Wei called Tuohe River. The Western Jin Dynasty was called Hutuo River. The Northern Wei Dynasty was renamed Qingninghe River. Hutuo River originates from Xiagushan Village, Taixi Mountain, Fan Shi, Shanxi, and flows through Daixian County, Yuanping County and Ding Xin Basin. From Dongye Town to the east slope of Taihang Mountain, it enters Pingdingshan from Houcuo, passes through Gangnan Reservoir, Huangbizhuang Reservoir and Lingshou County, enters from Beibaidian Village in Zhengding County to the west, flows through more than 40 villages in the county, and leaves from Dafeng Village to Gaocheng County. Zhanghe Zhanghe is an unremarkable river in the hydrological data of China. Although it flows through Shanxi, Hebei and Henan, it is an important tributary of Haihe River, but its influence is far less than that of other major rivers. In the arid north, it is the real mother river for Licheng and even Changzhi, and even more places. Zhanghe River is divided into Zhuozhang River and Qingzhang River, both of which originated in Shanxi. Zhang Zhuohe has three sources: south, north and west. The south water source comes from Fajiu Mountain in Zhangzi County, the west water source comes from Bird Village in the northwest of Qin County, and the north water source comes from Liulin River in Yushe County. Zhang Zhuonan's source is 134 km long, and it joins Xiyuan near Gancun in Xiangyuan County to the north. Xiyuanchang is 8 1 km long, and after meeting Nanyuan, it continues northward until it meets Beiyuan at the entrance of Hecun Village in Xiangyuan County. Beiyuan is 0/30km long/Kloc-0, which is called Zhangzhuohe River after the confluence of the three sources. It passes through Licheng, exits from Xiamaying Village in Pingshun County and enters Henan. The total length of rivers in Shanxi is 23 1 km, and the drainage area is1131/km2. The annual average runoff of Liang Shi Station is 800 million cubic meters, and the annual average sediment discharge is 65.438+0.73 million tons. The length of Qingzhang River is 104km in the east and 10 1km in the west. After the east and west sources meet in Zhang Cun, Zuo Quan, it is called Qingzhang River and flows into Xiaqingquan Village in the northeast of Licheng County. The total length of Qingzhang River is 142km, the drainage area is 4 159km2, and the average natural runoff for many years is 400 million cubic meters. The two sources of turbidity and turbidity meet in Hezhang Village on the southwest border of Hebei Province, which is called Zhanghe River. East to Guantao and into Weihe River. It is 466 kilometers long (to Nantao) with a drainage area of 1 10,000 square kilometers (to Cai Xiaozhuang). Above the viewing platform of Zhanghe River, the terrain on both banks is steep, the valley is narrow and the water flow is tortuous. There are natural obstacles such as red cliff, back wall and overpass. Out of the observation deck, the river enters the hilly area, and the plain is below Yuecheng Reservoir. It joins the Weihe River in Xuwancang, Guantao County, and then enters the Weihe Canal. Zhanghe River is a wandering river, known as "good at silting, settling and moving". During the 575 years from the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368) to 1942, there were 50 major diversions and numerous breaches. According to the comprehensive planning of Haihe River Basin, Haihe River originates from Zhanghe River in Shanxi, with a total length of 1032 km. In addition, some water conservancy experts also believe that the birthplace of Haihe River should be Zhang Zhuo in the upper reaches of Zhanghe River, thus calculating the total length of Haihe River as 1329 km. Zhanghe River is a river flowing out of history. One of the birthplaces of Zhanghe River, Fayushan, Zhangzi County, is a place where myths and legends condense. In fact, Liu Yuqing, dean of the College of Literature of Shanxi University, boldly asserted that "the heroic myth in southeastern Shanxi is the dawn of the initial civilization" and "the dawn of Chinese civilization is in southeastern Shanxi". Only the numerous myths and legends in southeastern Shanxi-this oral history-can link the 5,000-year civilization of China. Among numerous myths and folklore, those stories that are most talked about and widely known by people, such as the goddess mending the sky, Yan Di tasting a hundred herbs, Jingwei filling the sea, killing life in nine days, Dayu controlling water, Gong Yu moving mountains, the battle of the Yellow Emperor Chiyou, Kuafu chasing the sun, Yao Shun abdicating, making soup and praying for rain, etc. , basically from Shangdang or inextricably linked with Shangdang. Mr. Li Yueming said that xiang yuan may be one of the birthplaces of Heluo. Jiang out of the painting, Luo out of the book is probably Zhang Han out of the painting, the item out of Luoshan out of the book! This statement is for reference only. Fajiu Mountain, one of the headwaters of Zhanghe River, is the birthplace of Jingwei's reclamation story. Jingwei is the youngest daughter of Emperor Yan, whose real name is girl. The Sui Dynasty monument of Baotai Temple in Licheng County called this place "the land where Emperor Yan won the golden harvest". According to literature and field investigation, the writer Niu concluded that the immortal Yaodi was from Licheng. Cultural relics such as Lushan Mountain, Shabuya, Xier River, Xuyoudong and Peng Zu ancient residence "Pengzhuang" have left more than evidence for folklore such as "Xuyou Xier", which is likely to be a real historical stage.