The Historical Contribution of Vietnamese Chinese

After entering Vietnam, China people worked hard with their own knowledge of production, science and culture, accumulated rich experience and made great contributions to the social development of Vietnam in various periods.

First of all, the contribution of Vietnamese Chinese greatly promoted the early local economic development.

Early immigrants from China brought advanced agricultural technology to China at that time and accumulated rich experience in navigation and trade. With these knowledge, skills and experience, many China people have developed and built their hometown together with the local people. According to the historical records of Vietnam: 167 1 year, the Ming general Mo Jiu led the public to develop the county area; 1679, d??ng ng?n ??ch, the chief commander of Longmen, and Huang Chun, the deputy chief commander, led his troops to enter the United States (Dingxiang) through the central Vietnamese ship port; Chen Shangchuan, the commander-in-chief of Gaolilian, and Chen Anping, the deputy commander-in-chief, led his troops into the border areas and regions: "Reclaiming land to build houses, the Qing people and merchant ships from the West, Japan and Gepo (Java) gathered, and Dongpu was polluted by the Han style." "In 1778, China people developed Saigon and dikes, and in 18 19, Antong River and Bianxi River were opened. To commemorate the achievements of China people, Antong River was renamed Saigon River and Bianxi River was renamed China River. Moreover, China people made great contributions in reclaiming wasteland, building ports, developing mines and building roads.

Secondly, the contribution of Chinese people is also manifested in promoting the development of industry, agriculture and commercial trade in Vietnam in various periods.

With the continuous emigration of China people to Vietnam, various advanced farming techniques and experiences from China have been widely spread. For example, pepper orchards in Vietnam, counties and provinces, and Fuguo Island, and vegetable cultivation around Banks and Saigon were all developed under the careful cultivation of overseas Chinese. In terms of handicrafts, the ceramics and silk industries in Vietnam have been developing continuously since overseas Chinese taught them a whole set of technologies. The same is true of other industries, such as printing, metallurgy, weaving, carpentry and sculpture. The mining and transportation industries have also devoted their efforts to overseas Chinese: for example, Hongji Coal Mine, Vietnam's largest coal mine, once had 6,543,800+2,000 Chinese working. When the southern section of China-Vietnam Railway was completed in modern times, 1800 1] many people in worked hard. In commercial trade, China immigrants to Vietnam not only do a lot of business, but also play an important role in the local economic life. According to statistics, 195 1 year, there are 382 1 overseas Chinese firms in northern Vietnam, mainly in Hanoi and Haiphong. In the first part, there are more than 1000 overseas China companies, mainly concentrated in Sapporo Port, Guiren, Hue and Fanqie. Overseas Chinese are mainly engaged in industry and commerce, including rice milling, sugar making, cotton ginning, textile, shipbuilding, brewing, oil pressing, tobacco, ceramics, medicinal materials, mining, silk, tea, plastics, chemicals, steelmaking, electrical appliances, food, machinery and other industries, with a very wide range of activities. According to statistics from 65438 to 0953, there were 65438 industrial and commercial households in Vietnam at that time. In Saigon and Dike City (Ho Chi Minh City), where overseas Chinese are most concentrated, overseas Chinese industrial and commercial households account for 62.4a 1o} of Dike City. There are 65,438+065,438+0790 overseas Chinese businessmen in southern China, including 8,225 in Saigon and the Bund. . By the end of 1974, Chinese capital accounted for about 80% of the textile, steel and chemical industries in Saigon, and the paper industry also accounted for 60%. Among the 18 enterprises with annual turnover exceeding 5 billion VND, Chinese account for 10. . According to the internal statistics of Vietnam 1985, the production units of Chinese in Ho Chi Minh City account for 3 1.5% of the city, the Chinese labor force in small industries accounts for 29%, and the output value created by Chinese accounts for 38% of the city's total output value. In addition, on all fronts of production, the vast number of overseas Chinese have worked hard and many "model workers", "labor heroes" and "advanced workers" have emerged. For example, overseas Chinese account for 6.45% of the "model workers" on the industrial front in Vietnam1957A}19F1year, and there are 65,438 people in the first loading and unloading brigade of Haiphong Port.

In a word, the economic activities of Chinese have greatly enriched and promoted Vietnam's social and economic development.

Thirdly, China's traditional culture, which is dominated by Confucianism and spread by China people, has had a far-reaching impact on Vietnam. It is also a bridge and link between China and Vietnam in past dynasties.

From ancient times to modern times, China people who emigrated to Vietnam continuously passed on China's advanced science, ideas and culture to Vietnam, which had a great impact on Vietnamese social life. Around 2a7 BC, Commander-in-Chief Zhao Tuo established the regime of South Vietnam and implemented the Qin system. "The King of Yue ordered the two envoys to pay their respects to each other and to the people of Jiuzhen County." . When Zhao Tuo was in office, he absorbed a large number of "immigrants" with knowledge of Chinese studies from the Central Plains, vigorously promoted China's poetry books, rewarded the development of China culture, and set up schools to teach Chinese studies. As Li Jiao said in "A General Survey of Jane Yue", "Zhao Tuo merged with other places and imported China culture to make Peyo a civilized country, so it should start." . During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jiao Zhi, Jiu Zhen, Tai Xi Shou Guang and Ren Yan said, "Teach people to be polite to their land and introduce Chinese culture, so that Peyo can enter a civilized country." . Jiao Zhi, Jiu Zhentai, Guang and Ren Yan "taught people to write documents" in the Eastern Han Dynasty. "The History of the Later Han Dynasty Ren Yanchuan" said: "The Han style in Lingnan began in Erwei." . Shi Xie, the satrap in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty, was respected by the Yue people. He ruled Jiaozhou for forty years, and the battlefield was fine, and the people were happy. During his tenure, he "taught midsummer classics, transliterated meanings, and taught his own people". . "Take the national style as a poetry book and take the ceremony as a pleasure." (1) The Complete Collection of Dashi Yueji contains: "China's general poems and books, learning rites and music, are the help of literature. Since the beginning of the monarch and ministers, his merits and demerits have been particularly applicable at that time, and far away to future generations." . The Yue people honored him as the "King of Scholars" and incorporated him into the temples of Vietnamese emperors in past dynasties. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, many scholars have settled in Vietnam, which has promoted the cultural exchange between the two places and accelerated the cultural development of Vietnam. For example, Wang Fuchou, the father of the famous poet Wang Bo, opened up culture and education where his toes crossed, and established the Confucius Temple. . With the introduction of China culture, Chinese vocabulary entered Vietnamese systematically and comprehensively in the Tang Dynasty. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, some China artists moved to Viet Nam to spread China's music, dance and drama. Such as Liao Shouzhong and Tao Niang in Song Dynasty, Li Zhiji and Yue Ji in Yuan Dynasty. At the same time, Zheng Huaide, a "Ming", also wrote many works, such as Jiading Tongzhi, Beishi Poetry and Chronicles of Past Dynasties. Fan Qing presided over the compilation and revision of Chinese works, such as The Outline of Yue Guo's General Mirror, Wu's Complete History of Li Hou Yue, Ruan Chao's Biography of Great Disasters, A Record of Great Disasters, and Li's General Survey of Jian Yue's General Examination. These works occupy an important position in Vietnamese history and literature.

From the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Chinese characters were gradually spread to Vietnam by immigrants from the Central Plains, and became the common language of Vietnam in the12nd century. In the13rd century, Vietnamese characters appeared. On the basis of Chinese characters, Vietnamese characters are created by means of pictophonetic characters, knowing words and loanwords, that is, "Nanzi". In the17th century, Vietnamese was Latin, but under the long-term and far-reaching influence of China culture, Chinese vocabulary entered Vietnamese vocabulary. In today's Vietnamese, Chinese loanwords account for about 60% of the total vocabulary, and in some fields, the proportion is as high as 70% a-80% p, as Emperor Nguyen Tan Sid of Vietnam said: "From the imperial court to the countryside, from the official to the folk, Chinese characters are used for crowns, weddings, funerals, sacrifices, numbers and medicines." Ruan Wenhui, a famous Vietnamese scholar, also said: "China's written language has played an important role in Vietnam, leaving an indelible mark on various systems in Vietnam and all aspects of the spiritual life of the Vietnamese people." .

In addition, China people have also made important contributions to Vietnamese health care, architectural art, painting and sculpture, and folk arts and crafts. At the same time, under the influence of China culture, its religious beliefs, moral concepts and social customs are branded with Confucian culture. In modern times, education, societies and newspapers founded by Chinese have played an active role in spreading culture and deepening Sino-Vietnamese relations.

Fourth, Chinese have made great contributions to Vietnam's national independence and national liberation.

As a French colony, Vietnam has constantly set off the climax of the national liberation struggle since modern times, and Chinese living in Vietnam have actively participated in the liberation struggle of the Vietnamese people. In modern times, Liu Yongfu led the Black Flag Army to resist the French in Vietnam. Feng Zicai's leadership achieved great success in this town, which dealt a heavy blow to French colonial rule. During World War II, the vast number of Chinese fought bravely against Japanese fascist aggression with the Vietnamese people, and overseas Chinese established anti-Japanese and national salvation organizations such as "Vietnam Overseas Chinese Salvation Association" and "Vietnam Friendship Association". 1945, after France was returned to Vietnam, many overseas Chinese took an active part in the war of resistance against France. Among them, the "Independent Chinese Alliance" composed of overseas Chinese has made outstanding achievements and was awarded the collective military medal in 1949. Instructor Hao Risheng (Bobby Chen) won the individual first-class military medal, and instructor Wu and politician won the individual second-class military medal. In southern Vietnam, many overseas Chinese gave their lives for the Vietnamese revolution, such as Li Ying, an overseas Chinese aged 17, and Chen Peiji, a girl aged 19, especially Chen Peiji, who was awarded the title of "second-class hero". At the same time, in the famous battle of Dean Bianfu, overseas Chinese actively participated in the war, protected roads and transportation, and supported the anti-French struggle as much as they could. In the War to Resist American Aggression and Save the Nation, Vietnamese Chinese and Vietnamese people shared the same fate and made great contributions. Chinese in the enemy-occupied areas of southern Vietnam actively published publications to publicize the war to resist US aggression and save the nation. Among them, Saigon Huayun's work unit won the "Second-class Medal of Iron Wall" and Huayun Committee won the "Second-class Medal of Liberation". Overseas Chinese in northern Vietnam actively joined the army. In Quang Ninh province alone, from 1964 to 1975, 22,000 overseas Chinese joined the army. There are 300 overseas Chinese applying to join the army in Panghong District of Haiphong City. A self-defense force of an overseas Chinese militia in Haiphong participated in more than 100 battles from 1965- 1967, and cooperated with the Vietnamese People's Army. He has shot down 22 American planes and won the medal of "first-class combat" collectively, and three members won the medal of "third-class military merit". Other members are awarded by the Central Committee of the Vietnam Youth League, the Haiphong Military Command and the Haiphong City. Many overseas Chinese gave their lives in the battle. According to statistics, from 1969 to 1974, there were 27 overseas Chinese in Haiphong who died gloriously for the Vietnam War of Resistance Against America.

In short, Chinese people have made great contributions to the development and progress of Vietnam's social economy and culture in different historical periods, and have written a colorful chapter in the history of Sino-Vietnamese exchanges.