Explain in detail the iron cards around the necks of American soldiers.

The U.S. military identity cards in World War II have a disadvantage, that is, the shapes of all services are different, the army is small, and the size of the Marine Corps is different from that of the navy and air force, which brings certain difficulties to logistics support. As a result, when the Korean War broke out, the identity cards of all arms of the US military were changed to a unified shape and size, and at the same time, the gaps on the edges disappeared. Compared with the identity cards of World War II, this unified identity card made great progress, especially its material was stainless steel, which was more durable than aluminum alloy.

During the Vietnam War, the identity card developed in 195s gradually exposed its shortcomings. First of all, during the Vietnam War, because the US military fought in the tropical jungle, they all wore collarless vests or nothing at all in their military uniforms, and only wore a tropical combat suit outside. In this way, the stainless steel identity card can easily scratch the bare skin. Secondly, this kind of identity card is easy to collide with weapons, make a sound and expose itself in battle, especially when performing latent tasks. Due to the above shortcomings, American ground troops and most naval and air force soldiers began to hate this kind of identity card. Many people threw this small metal card, dubbed "dog tag", and replaced it with some religious symbols or peace medals. In view of this situation, the U.S. military has improved this identity card. First, a plastic film is wrapped around the brand to improve its above defects. Although the cost of this method is low, the plastic film is not strong and easy to wear, so it will not be used soon. Soon, a new improvement scheme was put forward, that is, putting rubber rings around it. In this way, the above shortcomings of stainless steel identity cards do not exist, and American soldiers put these small brands around their necks again.

the content of the U.S. military identity card

The identity card used by the U.S. military now is not very different from that used during the Vietnam War, and the main difference lies in the production method. In the past, the inscription on the identity card was printed by machine, which was expensive and not beautiful. Nowadays, the inscription on the U.S. military identity card is carved by photoelectric technology, which is low in cost and elegant in appearance.

because the United States lslam immigrant country, in today's U.S. military identity cards, in addition to some common signs, such as arms, army numbers, names, ranks, and blood types, a religious belief is added. Different religious beliefs are represented by different letters, such as C for Christianity, B for Buddhism, and J for Judaism.

Modern US Army ID Card

According to the recent introduction of the National Defense Human Resources Data Center of the US Department of Defense, the US military will replace the ID cards of all military personnel, and the new ID cards will be officially put into use in 18 months. At that time, all active servicemen and some reservists, Pentagon civilians and some defense contractors will become its users.

Identity cards are also discount cards

At present, the full name of the identity cards used by the US military is "American Armed Forces Identity Card", which can be divided into three types according to different recipients: active personnel, reservists and military families. According to the Geneva Convention, the identity certificates of members of the armed forces of various countries should include names, ranks, dates of birth, units to which they belong, and photos of themselves, and the identity cards of the US military are no exception. In addition to proving the identity of a soldier, the U.S. military identity card can also enable cardholders and their families to enjoy the "military support policy" in many aspects such as shopping, medical care, education, etc., so it is also called the "military discount card".

For example, in the US military logistics system, there is an organization called "Material Supply Center", which is actually a supermarket for American soldiers and their families to buy food and daily necessities. It is usually located inside military bases, and there are more than 3 in the world. American soldiers can buy high-quality and cheap goods here with their ID cards. In addition, different services of the U.S. military also provide various benefits for their military ID card holders. The navy has a "base consumption cooperative" system, and naval officers and men can enjoy "membership treatment" and buy cheap goods in 12 "branches" around the world with their military identity cards. The "base consumption cooperative" also implements the "price difference compensation system": if the cardholder has been shopping in the cooperative for less than 3 days, if the price of the same commodity is reduced or the cardholder finds that the price of the same commodity in the store outside the base is lower, the cooperative will make up the price difference. According to a statistic made by the navy, it is 18% cheaper to buy things in the base cooperative than outside, and a family of four can save 3 dollars every year.

In addition to shopping, military ID cards can also benefit cardholders in education and medical care for their children. For example, according to the "Scholarship Program for Military Children" of the Ministry of National Defense, children of military identity card holders can apply for a scholarship of $1,5 per year if they are admitted to universities. Applicants must have an average score of at least 3 points, and they must also write a paper introducing the contribution of military families to the community.

The new card has triple "insurance"

As early as 1993, the Pentagon began to evaluate the next generation of ID cards, and in 1999, it appointed ActivCard Company in California to develop them. ActivCard is a famous intelligent technology company, which has been in the leading position in the world in digital identity technology and product development. The official name of the new military ID card is "CommonAccessCard" (CAC), which means that the cardholder can enter different levels of military units such as buildings, bases or networks according to the corresponding authorization.

The former "Armed Forces Identity Card" was based on physical means such as magnetic stripe and bar code, while the new card developed by ActivCard belongs to smart card and is based on digital technology. It looks a little bigger than an ordinary credit card, with a nail-sized embedded digital chip on the front, a magnetic stripe and a bar code on the back. Because of the triple "insurance", the new card has a high safety factor.

All-in-one card has been realized

Besides being safer, the biggest feature of CAC card is its convenience. For cardholders, it can be called "all-in-one card". With it, they can enter military bases or command posts, board warships, log on to computer networks in the military, receive encrypted e-mails, and even perform online official documents such as signing deployment orders, thus greatly improving office efficiency. For example, in the past, when the US military went overseas for duty or exercise, it was necessary to arrive at the airport four or five hours in advance, where the dispatch orders and the identity of the boarding passengers were checked one by one. With this new ID card, officers and men can complete the check with the dispatch orders by swiping the card before boarding the plane, which greatly shortens the preparation time for boarding.

the capacity of the digital chip on the p>CAC card is 32K, of which 7K is reserved space, which allows users to upgrade their ID cards according to their own needs to make it have additional functions. For example, the Pentagon is considering using it as a meal card in the canteen, while some grass-roots headquarters want to record the medical information (such as dental history) and training information (such as shooting results) of officers and men on it.

For system administrators at all levels, the new ID card will enable them to manage more effectively. "National Defense Human Resources Data Center" installed the digital identity software developed by ActivCard on the "Real-time Automatic Personnel Identification System", which has 2, workstations in more than 9 US military bases around the world, so the system administrator can control the access rights of cardholders through remote management, or upgrade and modify the identity card.

Each new ID card costs $8-9, and the Pentagon also plans to extend the card replacement program to 23 million people who have filed in the National Defense Human Resources Data Center, including military families and retired military personnel. Although the new card has not been officially issued, the US military is already considering another generation of ID cards after the new card. They will use biometric technology to store human information such as fingerprints on the chip to further improve the security factor of the ID card.

At present, the contents of the "identity cards" of the three armed forces of the United States are slightly different, but they all include name, social security number, blood type (if they have received tetanus toxoid treatment, they are marked with T), religious belief (P stands for Protestants, C stands for Catholics, H stands for Hebrews, M stands for Muslims, and if they have no faith, they are left blank), and military service (A stands for the army, N stands for the navy,

With the continuous involvement of the United States in overseas wars, the "identity cards" of American soldiers have become the iconic accessories of American soldiers like khaki uniforms, helmets and chocolates, and are familiar to the world. In American war films, American soldiers' "identity cards" are everywhere.

format of American dog tag

Basic form of identification tag (dog tag):

A round one-sided punch, size: about half a dollar silver coin;

B round with holes on both sides, size: about half a dollar silver coin;

C oval one-sided punching, size: 1.25 inches (3.18 cm) wide and 1.5 inches (3.81 cm) long;

D oval with holes on both sides, size: 1.25 inches (3.18 cm) wide and 1.5 inches (3.81 cm) long;

E rectangle with rounded ends, a V-shaped cut and one side punched, dimensions: 1.125 inches (2.86 cm) wide and 2 inches (5.8 cm) long;

E rectangle with round heads at both ends, punched on one side, dimensions: 1.125 inches (2.86 cm) wide and 2 inches (5.8 cm) long ... Basic form of identification tag (dog tag):

A round one-sided punched, dimensions: about half a dollar silver coin;

B round with holes on both sides, size: about half a dollar silver coin;

C oval one-sided punching, size: 1.25 inches (3.18 cm) wide and 1.5 inches (3.81 cm) long;

D oval with holes on both sides, size: 1.25 inches (3.18 cm) wide and 1.5 inches (3.81 cm) long;

E rectangle with rounded ends, a V-shaped cut and one side punched, dimensions: 1.125 inches (2.86 cm) wide and 2 inches (5.8 cm) long;

E rectangle with rounded ends and punched holes on one side, dimensions: 1.125 inches (2.86 cm) wide and 2 inches (5.8 cm) long.

Type A and Type B dog tags (used from 1916 to 1921) Introduction:

1 The official use began in 1916;

2 material: aluminum;

3 Number of dog tags: one or two;

4 dog tag chain: woven cloth belt, wrapped around the cloth belt;

5 identify production: etched or stamped;

6 the first content: stamping and engraving personal data;

7 second content: blank or etched right index finger fingerprint or engraved AEF soldier (since 1918)

Note: US Marines who were incorporated into AEF American Expeditionary Forces in France in World War I

used type A and type B dog tags, and the 1921 US Marine Corps Manual stated: "... authorized to equip at present. Dog tags were not standard equipment during the period between World War II and at the beginning of World War II. In the 194' s and 1921' s U.S. Marine Corps Manual, it was written: "... identification cards will be officially installed in wartime or national emergency". "

Stamping contents of officer's dog tag:

1 abbreviation and surname

2 rank and appointment date, According to the order of month, day and year-such as 1.5.16.

3 Company (since 1917)-such as 95 CO.

4 Regiment or Army (since 1917)-such as 6 REG.

5 USMC

Soldier dog tag stamping content:

1 abbreviation and surname. By month, day, Year sequence-such as 7. 1. 18.

3 ranks (since 1917)-such as PVT.

4 Company (since 1917)-such as 95 CO.

5 regiments or armies (since 1917)-such as 6 REG.

6 USMC

.

2 material: monel (note 2) or corrosion-resistant material (brass, stainless steel, etc.);

3 Number of dog tags: two;

4 dog tag chain: Monet alloy is outside the cotton sliver, or Monet alloy chain, or steel cable is covered with plastic sleeve, etc.

5 Goupai identify production: the early standard sample is etched (Note 3), and the later one is stamped;

the official use of the 6c dog tag-see the 1921 U.S. Marine Corps Manual (one-sided perforation type)

the official use of the 7d dog tag-see the 194 U.S. Marine Corps Manual (two-sided perforation type)

Note 2: The Monet alloy material is corrosion-resistant nickel-copper alloy, containing a small amount of iron and manganese.

Note 3: Early standard dog tags etched handwritten personal data on the first side and right index finger fingerprints on the second side.

engraving content of dog tags: this is a unified format, but the formats of dog tags in different units may be different. The following figure shows different dog tag formats from 1941 to 1945, among which "L.DIAMONDS" is an example of engraving, and its number

is according to the format of Navy (USN). (See the position of USMC on the dog tag)

The first line: surname

The second line: first name and abbreviation (or only abbreviation)

The third line: officer rank or soldier service number -12345, 123456 or 1234567, and leave a three-character space in the right belief column. Religious belief is only indicated by the first letter, for example, C stands for CATHOLIC. P stands for Protestantism

the fourth line: the date of tetanus vaccination (such as T-8/4) starting with the letter T and the blood types -A, C, AB or O

The fifth line: USNC or USMCR

The following figure shows an example of etching (only L.DIAMONDS' dog tag) and punching dog tag:

Four-E dog tag (used in 194~1959) Introduction

1 The official use began in 194 (the original U.S. Army M-194 dog tag) (note 4)

2 material: monel, brass or stainless steel;

3 Number of dog tags: two; <