How did British colonization in North America begin? What is the process?

/kloc-in 0/607, the London company came to the mouth of the James River in North America according to the "charter" of the British king, and established James City with only one fortress, a church and several thin-walled houses, laying the foundation for the first British colony in North America-Virginia. 1620, a group of political asylum seekers from England landed in Massachusetts, North America on a ship named may flower, and established Plymouth City, which laid the foundation for the New England colony. "Mayflower" is the first ship for British immigrants to sail to North America. The ship is only about 180 tons and 90 feet long (1 foot equals 30.48 cm). In the quotation of this lesson, the illustration "may flower" is selected to show an imaginary "may flower" ship map drawn by later generations according to the records. The earliest time for this ship to leave England was August 1608. The ship was mainly English Puritans persecuted by the Anglican Church. After leaving England, they first came to Holland. At that time, someone decided to go to North America, and they signed an immigration contract with the Virginia company. On September 23rd, 1620, under the leadership of Pastor Blest, "Mayflower" went to North America. There are 102 passengers on board, including 35 Puritans, others are craftsmen, fishermen and poor farmers, and 14 people are indentured slaves. 165438+1October 2 1 day, "Mayflower" arrived at Cape Cod, which is now provine, Massachusetts; Before landing, the Puritan leader on board presided over the formulation of the "Mayflower Convention" which required everyone to abide by. At that time, 4 1 free adult males signed it. Its contents include: organizing citizens' organizations and drafting just laws, decrees and rules and regulations. On the first day after Christmas, they landed in Plymouth and established a colony. Later, colonies such as Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire were established. /kloc-In the middle of the 7th century, Britain established the Maryland colony, seized Delaware from the Netherlands, and seized New Holland, dividing it into two colonies, new york and New Jersey. 1682, King charles ii of England gave Pennsylvania to his master William Penn to pay off the debts owed to him by the royal family. In the same year, Philadelphia was founded and the Pennsylvania colony was established. King charles ii of England gave Carolina to his minions and divided it into two colonies, North Carolina and South Carolina. 1733, Georgia Colony was established. So far, Britain has established 13 colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. In 763, Britain won the Seven-Year War with a fiscal deficit of1.400 million. The British ruling group is deliberately trying to pass on the war costs to the colonial people in North America, and at the same time trying to tighten its control over the colonies through high-handed means. 1763, 10 In June, in order to limit the expansion of colonies and facilitate British control and taxation, a royal decree was issued to prohibit colonial people from migrating to the west of the Appalachian Mountains. 1764 promulgated the sugar industry regulations, which imposed high taxes on many imported commodities and strictly managed the trade of sugar and syrup. In the same year, the Currency Ordinance was promulgated, which prohibited the North American colonies from issuing paper money and repaid the debts of the creditors of the suzerain country with devalued colonial paper money. In order to suppress the resistance of the colonial people and ensure the tariff revenue, Britain stationed 10000 regular troops in the North American colonies. In order to transfer the expenses of the garrison, 1765 promulgated the Stamp Duty Ordinance, which stipulated that all newspapers, pamphlets, licenses, business documents and legal documents and even diplomas in the North American colonies must be stamped, that is, they must pay taxes and offenders will be punished. The climax of the colonial people's resistance to stamp duty in North America was the turning point of the colonial people's anti-British struggle. Anti-British mass organizations such as "sons of liberty" and "Communication Committee" have appeared in various places. People boycotted taxes, destroyed the tax office, burned stamp vouchers and marched on British tax collectors. The British government was forced to abolish the stamp duty ordinance. Since 1766, the Townsend Ordinance (Townsend was the British Chancellor of the Exchequer at that time) was promulgated many times, which stipulated that import duties should be levied on goods imported from Britain to the colonies. It stipulates that British customs tax collectors have the right to break into any residence, library and shop in the colony and search for contraband and smuggled goods that evade taxes; Businessmen in Boston took the lead in boycotting British goods. From 1766 to 1769, the total trade volume imported by Britain into the northern part of the colony decreased from1363,000 to 504,000. 1770 The British government was forced to abolish the Townsend Ordinance. Although 1770, the British government was forced to abolish the Townsend Act, but some of them, such as tea tariffs, were not abolished. People in North America were very angry about this and thought it was a symbol of British tyranny, so they set off a protest movement without drinking tea. The East India Company, which monopolized the tea trade, was on the verge of bankruptcy due to poor management. In order to help the East India Company get out of trouble, the British government sold the backlog of17 million pounds of tea, and passed a tea tax law in 1773, allowing the East India Company to enjoy the exclusive right to dump tea in North America, so that the East India Company can sell it directly to retailers after paying a light tax of 3 pence per pound of tea, and at the same time prohibiting colonial people from smuggling tea. The purpose of the British government is to lure North American people to drink the dumped tea of the East India Company with low tea prices. People in North America refused to drink the tea dumped by the East India Company, while people in Philadelphia, new york, Charleston and other ports opposed the unloading of English tea boats. /kloc-on 0/6, 8,000 Boston citizens gathered to ask the tea carrier Dartmouth to leave the port. This request was rejected by the British colonists. That night, the Boston Youth Organization "Boston Tea Party" disguised as an Indian, boarded a tea boat at night and dumped more than 300 boxes of tea worth more than 65,438+/kloc-0.0 million pounds into the sea. Britain ordered the closure of Boston harbor on 1774. The Boston Tea Party was the beginning of the violent action of the North American people against colonial rule. During the period of 1774, the situation of British colonies in North America became increasingly severe, and the dissatisfaction with British colonial rule intensified. The British government decided to suppress the colonial resistance by force. In June this year, King George III of England (1760- 1820) declared that "it is necessary to decide whether they belong to the country or independence through fighting". People all over New England also organized militia to prepare for armed resistance. Gage, the British governor of Massachusetts, heard that the militia had an arsenal in Concord, which was only 2 1 mile from Boston. There's a lot of ammunition in it. On the night of April 1775, he sent Lieutenant Colonel Smith and 800 soldiers to attack Concord. As soon as the British army moved out, the militia who were watching nearby found it and they immediately gave a signal. The militia and silversmith Revere saw the signal and rode to inform the militia. 19 At about 5 am, the British army passed Lexington and was blocked by the militia. There was a gun battle between the two sides. Although the British army beat back the militia, it was ambushed by the militia in Concord, killing nearly 100 people. Although the scale of the battle was not large, after the news came out, the colonial people were furious and seized guns to occupy the British arsenal, and the armed struggle began.