The historical value of the rule of Zhenguan

Historical allusions of the rule of Zhenguan

The rule of Zhenguan refers to the peaceful and prosperous times in the early Tang Dynasty. Because Emperor Taizong can be virtuous, he knows people and makes good use of them. Open the way, modestly coachable, reuse Wei Zhi, etc. And adopted the agriculture-oriented, tax reduction, rest and recuperation, strict economy, improve the imperial examination system and other policies to stabilize the society. At that time, the national title was Zhenguan (627-649), which was called Zhenguan Governance in history. This was the first prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan later.

Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, reigned for 23 years, which made the Tang Dynasty enjoy economic development, social stability, political clarity, people's prosperity and well-being, and unprecedented prosperity. Because his title is Zhenguan, people call this period of his rule "Zhenguan rule". The rule of Zhenguan is the most dazzling period in the history of China.

Emperor Taizong absorbed the reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty and attached great importance to the lives of ordinary people. He emphasized people-oriented, and often said: "People, water is also; June, Zhou Ye. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. " At the beginning of Emperor Taizong's accession to the throne, he ordered the people to recuperate. ? Emperor Taizong cherished the people's strength and never collected corvees easily. He suffered from Qi disease and was not suitable to live in a damp old palace, but he lived in the old palace of the Sui Dynasty for a long time.

At the beginning of Zhenguan, under the leadership of Emperor Taizong, the whole country was unified and the economy improved rapidly. In the Zhenguan period of 1989, cattle and horses were everywhere, and the people were well-fed and well-fed, and the roads were not picked up at night, which was a prosperous scene of peace and prosperity.

Emperor Taizong was in office for more than 20 years, and more than 30 officials remonstrated. Among them, Minister Wei Zhi's advice reached more than 200 pieces with hundreds of thousands of words, all of which hit the nail on the head and were very helpful for improving state affairs.

Emperor Taizong attached great importance to the selection of talents and strictly followed the principle of having both ability and political integrity. Emperor Taizong believes that only by selecting a large number of people with real talents and practical learning can we achieve great harmony in the world. Therefore, he was thirsty for talents, and issued five imperial edicts for seeking talents, and increased the subjects of imperial examinations, expanding the scope and number of candidates, so as to expose more talents. ? Because Emperor Taizong attached importance to talents, a large number of outstanding talents emerged in Zhenguan period, which can be described as "talents with both civil and military skills". It is these talents who, with their intelligence, have made great contributions to the formation of "Zhenguan rule".

Emperor Taizong attached great importance to the rule of law. He once said: "The national law is not the law of the emperor alone, but the law that everyone in the world must abide by, so everything must obey the law." As a monarch above ten thousand people, Emperor Taizong was an enlightened emperor. ? After the promulgation of the law, Emperor Taizong set an example and took the lead in obeying the law, thus maintaining the unity and stability of the law. During the Zhenguan period, the prince really broke the law and shared the crime with the people. When enforcing the law, he was impartial, but when sentencing, Taizong thought twice and was cautious. He said: "People can't be resurrected after death, and law enforcement must be combined with leniency and severity." Due to the painstaking efforts of Emperor Taizong, the legal system was very good during the Zhenguan period, and few people were sentenced to death for breaking the law. According to the records of Zhenguan for three years, only 29 people were sentenced to death, which almost reached the highest standard of feudal society and legal system-"criminal measures" can be exempted from punishment.

People-oriented thinking, open the way and open the mind that is easy to be trained; Reuse talents and appoint people on their merits is the criterion; Impatience and selflessness, and the tolerance of doing things according to law; It constitutes the basic characteristics of Zhenguan rule and becomes the best example of feudal rule. Compared with the western countries at that time, the Tang Dynasty was at the forefront of the world in politics, economy and culture.

The prosperity of Zhenguan Dynasty is unmatched by any dynasty in China. Throughout several powerful dynasties in China's history, the symbol of prosperity is nothing more than Zhenguan Dynasty, which has made outstanding achievements in deep civilization (mainly referring to system and cultural inheritance). It is precisely because of the foundation of the rule of Zhenguan that Wu Zetian can realize "political enlightenment", thus laying the foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan. There is a poem by Du Fu, a great poet, "I recall that in the heyday of Kaiyuan, there were still thousands of households in a small town, and the rice was rich and the public and private granaries were rich ...". In line with the high development of productive forces, the international prestige of the Tang Dynasty also reached its peak, and foreign wars won successive victories. It has maintained a continuous offensive posture for more than 100 years and its territory has expanded extremely. The vast territories of Korea, Mobei and the Western Regions have been merged into Chinese territory one after another, and the territory of the Western Regions reaches the stone country on the east bank of the Aral Sea (Tashkent City in Central Asia). In addition to the fruitful achievements known by these people, the civilization of Zhenguan Dynasty was second to none in the world at that time. The following civilization achievements made the Han nationality the best nation in the known world at that time.

Controlled by Guan Zhen.

The rule of Zhenguan refers to the peaceful and prosperous times in the early Tang Dynasty. Because Emperor Taizong can be virtuous, he knows people and makes good use of them. Open the way, modestly coachable, reuse Wei Zhi, etc. And adopted the agriculture-oriented, tax reduction, rest and recuperation, strict economy, improve the imperial examination system and other policies to stabilize the society. At that time, the national title was Zhenguan (627-649), which was called Zhenguan Governance in history. This was the first prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan later.

Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, reigned for 23 years, which made the Tang Dynasty enjoy economic development, social stability, political clarity, people's prosperity and well-being, and unprecedented prosperity. Because his title is Zhenguan, people call this period of his rule "Zhenguan rule". The rule of Zhenguan is the most dazzling period in the history of China.

Emperor Taizong realized the greatness of the people's power from the magnificent peasant war, absorbed the reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty, and attached great importance to the lives of ordinary people. He emphasized people-oriented, and often said: "People, water is also; June, Zhou Ye. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. " At the beginning of Emperor Taizong's accession to the throne, he ordered the people to recuperate. Emperor Taizong cherished the people's strength and never collected corvees easily. He suffered from Qi disease and was not suitable to live in a damp old palace, but he lived in the old palace of the Sui Dynasty for a long time. He also ordered the merger of states and counties in order to get rid of the disadvantages of "fewer people and more officials" and help reduce the burden on the people.

At the beginning of Zhenguan, under the leadership of Emperor Taizong, the whole country was unified and the economy improved rapidly. During the Zhenguan period of 1989, cattle and horses were everywhere, and the people were well-fed and well-fed, and the roads were not picked up at night, which was a prosperous scene of peace and prosperity.

Emperor Taizong was in office for more than 20 years, and more than 30 officials remonstrated. Among them, Minister Wei Zhi's advice reached more than 200 pieces with hundreds of thousands of words, all of which hit the nail on the head and were very helpful for improving state affairs.

Emperor Taizong attached great importance to the selection of talents and strictly followed the principle of having both ability and political integrity. Emperor Taizong believes that only by selecting a large number of people with real talents and practical learning can we achieve great harmony in the world. Therefore, he was thirsty for talents, and issued five imperial edicts for seeking talents, and increased the subjects of imperial examinations, expanding the scope and number of candidates, so as to expose more talents. ? Because Emperor Taizong attached importance to talents, a large number of outstanding talents emerged in Zhenguan period, which can be described as "talents with both civil and military skills". It is these talents who, with their intelligence, have made great contributions to the formation of "Zhenguan rule".

Emperor Taizong attached great importance to the rule of law. He once said: "The national law is not the law of the emperor alone, but the law that everyone in the world must abide by, so everything must obey the law." As a monarch above ten thousand people, Emperor Taizong was an enlightened emperor. ? After the promulgation of the law, Emperor Taizong set an example and took the lead in obeying the law, thus maintaining the unity and stability of the law. During the Zhenguan period, the prince really broke the law and shared the crime with the people. When enforcing the law, he was impartial, but when sentencing, Taizong thought twice and was cautious. He said: "People can't be resurrected after death, and law enforcement must be combined with leniency and severity." Due to the painstaking efforts of Emperor Taizong, the legal system was very good during the Zhenguan period, and few people were sentenced to death for breaking the law. According to the records of Zhenguan for three years, only 29 people were sentenced to death, which almost reached the highest standard of feudal society and legal system-"criminal measures" can be exempted from punishment.

People-oriented thinking, open the way and open the mind that is easy to be trained; Reuse talents and appoint people on their merits is the criterion; Impatience and selflessness, and the tolerance of doing things according to law; It constitutes the basic characteristics of Zhenguan rule and becomes the best example of feudal rule. Compared with the western countries at that time, the Tang Dynasty was at the forefront of the world in politics, economy and culture.

The prosperity of Zhenguan Dynasty is unmatched by any dynasty in China. Throughout several powerful dynasties in China's history, the symbol of prosperity is nothing more than Zhenguan Dynasty, which has made outstanding achievements in deep civilization (mainly referring to system and cultural inheritance). It is precisely because of the foundation of the rule of Zhenguan that Wu Zetian can realize "political enlightenment", thus laying the foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan. There is a poem by Du Fu, a great poet, "I recall that in the heyday of Kaiyuan, there were still thousands of households in a small town, and the rice was rich and the public and private granaries were rich ...". In line with the high development of productive forces, the international prestige of the Tang Dynasty also reached its peak, and foreign wars won successive victories. It has maintained a continuous offensive posture for more than 100 years and its territory has expanded extremely. The vast territories of Korea, Mobei and the Western Regions have been merged into Chinese territory one after another, and the territory of the Western Regions reaches the stone country on the east bank of the Aral Sea (Tashkent City in Central Asia). In addition to the fruitful achievements known by these people, the civilization of Zhenguan Dynasty was second to none in the world at that time. The following civilization achievements made the Han nationality the best nation in the known world at that time.

During the Zhenguan period, farmers occupied a certain amount of land, and the tax service burden was reduced. With a stable production and living environment, a large number of wasteland has been reclaimed and social and economic prosperity has emerged. At that time, politics was relatively clear, economy developed rapidly, and national strength gradually increased.

Historical reasons

1。 During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the population decreased by more than 20 million during the war. At the end of the war, fewer people and more people were the most important reason for Zhenguan's rule.

2。 Sui initiated the Grand Canal and Imperial Examination, and the labor of the Grand Canal led to the demise of Sui, but these created the rule of Zhenguan. The creation of the Grand Canal had its disadvantages at that time, but its merits were in the future.

3。 Li Shimin learned the lessons of the failure in the early Sui Dynasty, just as he learned the lessons of the demise of the Qin Dynasty in the early Han Dynasty, and let the people recuperate. Li Shimin himself can basically give advice with an open mind. However, the late Li Shimin has changed, and it is no longer so open-minded and disciplined. Instead of letting the people recuperate, they triumphed and failed to conquer North Korea. These are the reasons why the rule of chastity can't last long.

First, the social order is unprecedentedly stable.

The social order in Zhenguan Dynasty was unbelievable, and only 29 prisoners were sentenced to death. In 632, the number of death row inmates increased to 290. At the end of this year, Li Shimin allowed them to go home and deal with their affairs, and they will die when they come back next autumn (Guqiu execution). In September of the following year, all 290 prisoners were put back, and none escaped. At that time, China's political civilization, officials performed their duties, people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and there were few unfair phenomena, and there were not many grievances in the hearts of Chinese people. People who have plenty of food and clothing will not take risks to survive; People with a peaceful mind are not easy to go to extremes, so the probability of committing a crime is very small.

History:

During the Zhenguan period, "many officials were conscious." The most common name for ruling the house of concubines is Howard Wu, who is afraid of prestige and dare not invade others. When traveling in the wild, there are no thieves, the prison is often empty, there are no cattle and horses, and the family outside is not closed. It also frequently leads to bumper harvests, with a rice bucket of three or four yuan. From Shi Jing to Lingbiao, from Shandong to the seaside, everything is not food, so it gives way. When entering a village in Shandong, passing passengers will be treated kindly, or they will get a gift when they send it. This was nothing in the past. "

This is the "rule of chastity" described by feudal historians. During the Zhenguan period, it seemed that the world was really prosperous and peaceful, and the people really lived a happy and prosperous life. What a touching social picture this is! Is that really the case? A little, but it's too exaggerated. During the Zhenguan period, the life of farmers was still very bitter. During the reign of Yang Di, people injured their limbs in order to escape the heavy corvee, which was called "blessing hands" and "blessing feet". During the Zhenguan period, this "legacy still exists". It shows that in feudal society, the burden of the people is still very heavy and life is very difficult. The Tang Dynasty, especially Li Shimin, was exaggerated and beautified by historians of past dynasties. Zhenguan period is certainly better than troubled times and stronger than ordinary peacetime, but it is far from being as beautiful as it is usually touted now.

Second, open national borders.

The Tang Empire was the most civilized and powerful country in the world at that time, and Chang 'an, the capital, was a cosmopolitan metropolis, just like new york in the United States today. At that time, the Tang Empire was the "sunshine zone" in the eyes of people with lofty ideals all over the world, and outstanding talents from all over the world risked their lives to rush to the Tang Empire. After seeing the high prosperity and civilization of the Tang Dynasty empire, the envoys of various countries felt that their country was almost like an uncivilized "virgin forest", and they did not want to return to China and tried their best to stay. China's highly developed culture makes most people from all countries who come to China proud that they are from China (which reminds people of the green card of the United States today). Not only the capital Chang 'an, but also "expatriates" from all over the country have settled here, especially the emerging commercial cities. There are more than 200,000 western expatriates in Guangzhou alone. Zhenguan Dynasty is a rare open dynasty in the history of China. There are no strict restrictions on the entry of foreigners and the exit of China people, that is, they are not worried that China people will forget their roots after going out; I'm not worried about foreigners coming in and usurping the role of master. This alone shows the high self-confidence of Zhenguan dynasty, which is convinced that its country is the most civilized and prosperous land in the world and is not worried that foreign culture will drown it. The national quality of Zhenguan Dynasty was so high that it did not discriminate against or cater to foreigners, nor did it blindly exclude foreigners or "take out food", showing a supercilious national temperament and kingly demeanor. Foreigners in China enjoy the same civil rights as people in China, just like people in China are at home. They can not only make a fortune, but also be an official in politics. Many expatriates from the Arab Empire and Japan hold official posts in China, and some of them also hold senior ministerial positions.

In addition to accepting a large number of foreign immigrants, the Tang Empire also received a batch of foreign students to study advanced culture in China. Only Japanese students at public expense received seven batches, each with hundreds of students. Private self-funded international students far exceed this figure. After returning to China, these Japanese students carried out Japan's first modernization movement-the modernization to innovation, that is, the China Movement, which imitated the Zhenguan dynasty at that time and made the Japanese nation in the primitive tribal state leap forward for a thousand years.

1200 years later, the Japanese empire carried out the second modernization movement, fully accepted western culture, and made itself leap for hundreds of years again, stepping on the former teacher and creating two terrible massacres in the teacher's "yard".

The Japanese nation is not smart, it is just good at learning. This nation, which is half a beat slower than others, has one of the greatest advantages ―― backwardness but not stubbornness. When foreign civilizations invade, they always take the initiative to accept cultures that are more advanced than themselves, and accept the advanced achievements of human civilization in the fastest and most convenient way, thus quickly jumping into the ranks of advanced nations.

It is not terrible for a nation to lag behind, but stubbornness is the most terrible!

Third, the only dynasty without corruption.