History of Michigan

When the first European explorers came to Michigan, Algonquins were the most populous tribe here, and Algonquins were further divided into Ojebwa, Ottawa and Patawami. These three ethnic groups coexist peacefully and form a loose federation-Three Fire Alliance. There are about 25,000 to 30,000 Ojebwas, which is the largest ethnic group. The Ojebwa are distributed in the upper peninsula, central and northern Michigan, Ontario, northern Wisconsin, southern Manitoba and central and northern Minnesota. Ottawa people mainly live in northern, western and southern Michigan south of Mackinac Waterway, as well as southern Ontario, northern Ohio and eastern Wisconsin. Patawami people live in southern and western Michigan, central and northern Indiana, northern Illinois, southern Wisconsin and southern Ontario, Canada. Other Algonquin people living in Michigan are Muskton, Monomini, Miami, Sack and Fox in the south and east. Non-Alku gangs include whitehead (called Huron in French). 170 1 year, the French explorer and strategist Anthony Drummond Cadillac built the Detroit River in Pontchartrain on the Detroit River connecting Lake St. Clare and Lake Erie. Cadillac also persuaded Louis Philippe, the prime minister of King Louis XIV of France, that a permanent stronghold could strengthen France's rule over the upper Great Lakes region and reduce Britain's ambition.

Under the leadership of Cadillac, hundreds of soldiers and workers built a closed fortress with a width of about 60 meters and an area of about 3,400 square meters, and called it Pontchartrain Fort. Cadillac's wife, Mary Teresa Gion, also moved to Detroit soon. She became one of the first European women to move to Michigan. Detroit soon became a fur trade and transshipment place. In the same year, St. Ann's Church was completed. Now the church no longer exists, but the name of the church has been preserved. Cadillac later left Michigan and served as the governor of French Louisiana from 17 10 to 17 16. The French tried to consolidate the fur trade, which triggered the Fox War. The Meswaki and their allies fought against the French and their local allies.

At the same time, the French strengthened the management of Fort Mackinac and Mackinac Waterway in michele to control the lucrative fur trade empire they established. By the middle of the18th century, the French occupied niles and Sumary today and built forts, but there were almost no Europeans in other parts of Michigan. In order to attract more people to settle in Detroit, France announced that it would provide free land for settlers, which increased the population of Detroit to 800 in 1765, making it the largest city between New Orleans and Montreal.

From 1660 to the end of French rule, Michigan was a part of Royal New France. From 1754 to 1763, France and Britain fought a war in North America for nearly ten years. 1760, the British occupation of Montreal also marked the end of the Anglo-French war. 1763 After Britain and France signed the Paris Treaty, Michigan and the area east of the Mississippi River in New France were all included in the British territory. 1774, Britain promulgated the Quebec Act, and Michigan became a part of British Quebec. 1778 Detroit population 2 144, which is the third largest city in Quebec.

During the American War of Independence, Detroit was an important supply center in Britain. At that time, most of the residents were French Canadians and aborigines, many of whom were allied with France. Due to the inaccurate map drawing and the inaccurate description of the border in the Paris Treaty, the British once again took control of Detroit and Michigan after the American War of Independence. 179 1 When Quebec was divided into upper and lower Canada, Michigan belonged to Kent in upper Canada. 1792 In August, Michigan held its first democratic election, and elected its representatives to participate in the provincial council in Newark (now on Lake Niagara).

1794, Britain and the United States signed the Jay Treaty through negotiations, and Britain withdrew from Detroit and Michelle Mackinac in 1796. The border issue still exists for many years. The United States finally took full control of the Upper Peninsula and drummond Island in 18 18 and 1847 respectively. 18 12 during the war (also known as the second American war of independence), the territory of Michigan (mainly the area around Detroit) was forced to surrender after being surrounded by British troops with little bloodshed. 18 13 The Detroit dispute resumed and ended in a fiasco in the United States. This battle, called the Lawson River Massacre, was the most brutal war in Michigan's history, and the number of American casualties is still the highest in history. Finally, after the Battle of Lake Erie, the United States reoccupied Michigan in 18 13. Subsequently, the United States invaded Canada from Michigan, which triggered the Battle of Thames. However, the areas further north are still under British control. It was not until the peace agreement reopened the old border line that the two sides returned to the pre-war situation. /kloc-in the 9th century, for fear of British invasion, the United States built a large number of military forts in Michigan, including fort wayne.

The slow population growth was not broken until 1825 when the Erie Canal connecting the Great Lakes and the Hudson River flowing through new york was opened. This new route has brought a large number of settlers, who are mainly engaged in agriculture and commerce, producing food, wood and iron ore. By the 19 1930' s, Michigan had 80,000 residents and qualified to apply for statehood. 1835 in June, the state adopted the declaration 1835, and the state government was established. However, because of the territorial dispute with Ohio, Michigan was not recognized by Congress at that time. There is also a Toledo war in Michigan and Ohio. In the end, Congress assigned Toledo to Ohio. As compensation, Michigan got the western part of Upper Peninsula, and was officially recognized by Congress on June1837+1October 16, becoming the 26th state in the United States. Michigan's Upper Peninsula is rich in timber, iron ore and copper resources. From 1950s to 1980s, Michigan's timber production was in a leading position in China. The railway has become the new engine of Michigan's development, and Detroit main station is the most important railway station in Michigan.

The first statewide meeting of political parties was held in Jackson, its base camp, on July 6th. 1854. Until the 1930s, the Republican Party had overwhelming power in Michigan. During the American Civil War, Michigan made great contributions to national reunification, with 40 volunteers participating in the war.

Modernization promoters have created a public education system, including the University of Michigan (founded in 18 17, moved to Ann Arbor in 1837) and the Michigan Normal School (founded in 1849, now East Michigan University,1) During this period, many private universities were established, and some small cities gradually established high schools. Michigan's economy began to transform from 19 in the early 20th century. During this period, many famous figures emerged, including Lanson Oz, Dodge Brothers, Henry Martin Leland, Henry Joey, david dunbar buick, charles king, Henry Ford and so on, which laid a solid foundation for the birth of the automobile industry. The assembly line production invented by Ford in Highland Park marks the beginning of a new era of human travel and production methods. Just like the invention of ships and trains, the appearance of automobile assembly line not only provides people with another way, but also has more and far-reaching influence. Cars have entered the homes of ordinary people, and automobile manufacturing has become a pillar industry in Detroit and Michigan, which has completely changed the social and economic life of people in the United States and even the world.

With the growth of the automobile industry, a large number of employment opportunities have been created, and immigrants from all over the United States, including the south and Europe, have flocked. By 1920, Detroit became the fourth largest city in the United States, and the demand for residential housing was in short supply. It was several years before the development of the real estate industry kept up with the population growth. By the 1930s, with the explosive growth of immigrants, more than 30 languages were taught in schools, and all ethnic groups kept and celebrated their traditional festivals. Over the years, immigrants from all directions have enriched Detroit's culture, for example, in music, leading many popular elements. The influential Motown record company originated in Detroit in the 1960s.

Grand Rapids, the second largest city in Michigan, is also a manufacturing center. Since 1838, this city is famous for its furniture manufacturing industry and is the headquarters of five international furniture enterprises. In addition, the headquarters of Steelcase, Amway and Major are also located here. Grand Rapids is also an important center of the Aviation Department of General Electric Company.

Michigan held its first presidential election in 19 10. With the rapid rise of the economy, the state has become an important trade union center, and unions such as the United Auto Workers Union have emerged.

From 65438 to 0920, Detroit WWJ (AM) became the first radio station in the United States to broadcast advertisements regularly. In the next ten years, some of the biggest and grandest skyscrapers in this country have sprung up here. Among them, the more representative buildings, such as Fisher Building, Cadillac Building and Guardian Building, have all been selected as national historical landmarks in the United States.

1927, the campus explosion in Clinton county and the bath school tragedy, in which 38 students were killed, were the deadliest campus terrorist incidents in American history.

During World War II, Michigan produced 10.9% of American munitions, ranking second among the 48 states in the United States, second only to new york.

Detroit maintained a sustained growth in the 1950s, and its population doubled in ten years. After World War II, the construction of the city began to expand to the suburbs, and the newly built interstate highway facilitated people's travel. The development of science and technology has improved the automation and technical content of the automobile industry, and also kept the population of Detroit suburbs growing from 65,438 to 0,960.

Michigan is still the leader of American automobile industry. Michigan is an influential state with a population of nearly 10 million, ranking eighth among the fifty states in the United States. Detroit is located in the center of the Great Lakes region and the second largest metropolitan area in the Great Lakes region.

Detroit metropolitan area in southeastern Michigan is the largest metropolitan area in Michigan and the eleventh largest metropolitan area in the United States, accounting for about 50% of the state's population. Grand Rapids metropolitan area in western Michigan is the fastest growing metropolitan area in the state, with a population of 6,543.8+300,000 according to statistics in 2006. The Detroit metropolitan area welcomes about150,000 tourists every year. There are many tourist attractions in Michigan, such as Traverse City in northern Michigan. Tourism has created 65.438+0.93 million jobs for Michigan, bringing in an annual income of 654.38+0.7 billion dollars.

Michigan ranks third or fourth in scientific research expenditure in the United States. Important scientific research institutions in the state include the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, Wayne State University and Kettering University. They have played a great role in promoting the economy of Michigan, and formed the university scientific research system of Michigan. Public universities in Michigan attract more than $654.38+$50 million in research funding every year. Agriculture also accounts for a large proportion in Michigan. Michigan is a major fruit-growing state in the United States. The main products are blueberries, cherries, apples, grapes and peaches.