The Present Situation of Miao Immigrants in Ming Dynasty

In the first year of Hongwu (A.D. 1368), Taizu issued an imperial edict that "clothes are like Tang clothes" and it was forbidden to braid hair, twist hair, Hu Fu, Hu Yu and Hu surname. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, descendants of Pu Shougeng in southern Fujian were forbidden to be officials. The Muslim Pu Shougeng was awarded the title of city ship in Quanzhou, Song Lizong (A.D. 1225- 1264). After Zeng Guan entered the Yuan Dynasty, he went to Zuocheng, Jiangxi Province, for helping Yuan destroy the Song Dynasty. After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, because Minnan Muslims, represented by Pu Shougeng, helped the Yuan Dynasty to unify China, Zhu Yuanzhang took this opportunity to retaliate, which led to the decline and assimilation of Muslims in this area. The Ming Law stipulates that semu people are not allowed to intermarry with the same kind. If they violate it, they will be beaten with 80 sticks, and men and women will become slaves.

Hongwu collected 36 holes in five years. In the sixth year of Jingtai, Huguang Miao and Meng surrendered, and Longli, Huaihua and Tonggu were surrounded. In the five years of Tianshun, the army went deep into the scenic spot, broke through hundreds of villages, burned 3 thousand, and beheaded 3.3 thousand people. In the third year of Tianshun (AD 1459), after the failure of the Miao uprising in central Guizhou, 4,490 people were killed and 5,500 women were taken into exile. During the Wanli period, when the Ming Dynasty sent troops to quell the rebellion of Yang Yinglong, the chieftain of Bozhou, many Miao and Gelao people were slaughtered and forced to flee, and only two out of ten survived after the war. In order to "expand the territory", the Ming Dynasty built a large number of forts in eastern Guizhou, Guiyang and Anshun, forcing many Miao people to migrate. ("Qiubei County Records" Volume II) The passbook of Bai Gui, the right deputy commander of Guizhou military affairs, was beheaded by 10,000 on the left and 3,000 on the right. According to the records of Fenghuangtang and luxi county, the population of Miao area is "hundred years old" and "extinct several times". "After the slashing and suppression, the village was empty and uninhabited." In order to strengthen the control of "nursery" areas, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty resorted to force many times, carried out large-scale military repression and slaughter, and issued a reward order. Take one alive and get five taels of silver; Kill one plant and get three taels of silver (Volume 59 of Guo Qianji).