Who designed the flowing water villa?

One of the representative works of modern architecture, the living water villa on the Bear Creek in the suburb of Pittsburgh, USA, was designed by F L Wright. The owner of the villa is a German immigrant Kaufman, who is the owner of Pittsburgh Department Store, so it is also called Kaufman Mansion. The villa has three floors, covering an area of about 380 square meters, centering on the living room (main entrance floor) on the second floor, and the rest rooms are scattered to the left and right. The appearance of the villa emphasizes the combination of blocks, which makes the building have an obvious sense of sculpture. Two huge platforms are staggered, the first platform extends to the left and right, and the second platform is picked out forward. Several towering stone walls are staggered between the platforms, which is very imposing. Streams flow out from under the platform, and buildings naturally combine with streams, rocks and trees, as if growing underground. The interior space of the villa is also exemplary, and the interior space is freely extended and interspersed with each other; The inner and outer spaces blend with each other and blend into one. Flowing water villa has achieved great success in the treatment of space, the combination of volume and the combination with the environment, which has made an accurate interpretation of organic architecture's theory and occupies an important position in the history of modern architecture. Wright Flowing Water Villa: Detailed introduction and analysis Flowing Water Villa is a villa designed by Wright for the Kafman family. On the waterfall, Wright realized his dream of "a house on the table", and the floating floor was anchored in the back, with natural rocks. The main floor is almost a complete big room, which forms various mutually circulating subordinate spaces through space treatment, and there are small ladders connected with the pool below. The front is between the window sill and the ceiling, which is a big room. The whole idea is bold, making it the most famous modern building in the world. Judging from the appearance of the flowing water villa. We can read the terraces, main bridges, sidewalks, driveways, balconies and scaffolding that extend horizontally, and they protrude around the valley along their respective extension axes. These horizontal thrust faults are closely assembled with a peculiar spatial order, and the huge terraces are winding, just like the water of a waterfall suddenly falling from every flat rock. What is puzzling is that the whole building looks like it grew from the ground, but it is more like hovering over the earth. This is the highest-level building, that is to say, the building has surpassed itself, it has been deeply imprinted in people's consciousness, and created an indelible new experience with its concrete image. Flowing water villa is a living, original prototype building, with a texture beyond time. In order to surpass many schools in the history of architecture, it seems to jump all over the body, fall out of the water between the cliffs of Pennsylvania, and dominate the whole valley, which is extraordinary. The fireplace in the building is made up of bare natural rocks, and the magnificent external space formed by waterfalls makes the falling villa more perfect. Here, nature and people are carefree, showing the highest state of harmony between man and nature. The architectural modeling and internal space of the flowing water villa have achieved the calm and firm effect of great works of art, and this calm and calm atmosphere. In the process of diving, the momentum of mutual assembly of force and reaction exists in the interior and exterior of the whole building, and between its layout and furnishings. The extraordinary interior is like entering a dream, leading to a huge living room space. As is often the case in Wright's works, it must first pass through a narrow and dark covered porch, and then through those rough and porous stone walls into the main staircase in the opposite direction. The right hand side is the space for direct traffic, and the left hand can enter the second floor of the residence. Wright's clever grasp of natural light makes the interior space full of vitality. The light flows in the east, south and west of the living room. The brightest part of the light pours down from the skylight and leads all the way to the cliff stairs below the building. The closed rooms on the east, west and north are darker and more rocky. Their reflections loomed and flowed in the living room space. The light reflected by the north side and cliff and the light reflected by the stairs appear hazy and soft. Psychologically speaking, the atmosphere of this living room space shows a variety of elegant demeanor with the change of light brightness. In the use of materials, the flowing water villa is also very symbolic, and all the pillars are rough rocks. There is obvious opposition between the levelness of the stone and the straightness of the column. All the horizontal members of concrete seem to run through the whole space, and the towering gives the building the highest sense of movement and tension. The exception is the stone used for the floor, which looks surprisingly heavy, especially on the cantilever balcony. However, when you stand on an artificial stone balcony surrounded by natural stone walls and columns, you may have a deeper understanding of the interior space. Because the indoor space extends through the huge horizontal balcony, it connects the huge outdoor space-Cliff Pass. Wright's attitude towards international formalism and empty talk functionalism is reflected in the stairs leading from the living room to the stream below. This famous staircase, which is related to the building and the earth, is an indispensable medium in the interior and exterior space, and people will always linger in it again and again. Flowing water villa can be said to be a kind of building composed of positive and negative forces in a wonderful balance. It can also be said that it is a rare work of horizontal or oblique pole puncture or space technique that has been transmitted in recent years. The choice of space display, furniture style design and layout of flowing water villa are all original. At the same time, Kaman's family has paid love and care to this priceless industry. They decorate it with great works of art, furniture, diligent maintenance and their personal belongings. Building is always an architect's job, but you can't provide personal belongings. Obviously, Kafman can do it and cherish all Wright's efforts.