Nanjing immigrants

"High emperor in nine Beijing, regardless of life and death, broken tripod, that is, know his son, god, sun, and not floating Peng broken stem. For seventeen years, I have been worried about my country like a disease, and I can't call my ancestors or my own soldiers to help. Practicing ruthlessness in vain will kill the king. Sadly, Jingshan Park was lucky, and he died alone in the country. "This is a lyric written by Kong, a famous dramatist in Qing Dynasty, in Peach Blossom Fan, when Zuo Liangyu stationed in Wuchang heard that the capital fell and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park.

In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, when the peasant uprising army of Li Zicheng captured Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen quickly rang the bell in his palace to summon officials to save himself. However, at this time, the civil and military officials had already escaped, and no one had written back. Emperor Chongzhen sighed. In order to avoid repeating the tragic experience of Qin Hui religion in the Northern Song Dynasty and humiliating the harem wives and daughters, he ordered all the concubines in the harem to commit suicide immediately and hacked their daughters to death by themselves. Emperor Chongzhen had seven sons, four of whom died of illness at an early age. Emperor Chongzhen couldn't bear to kill the remaining three sons anyway, so he let them put on ordinary clothes and escaped from the palace under the escort of several eunuchs. These three sons are Zhu Cilang, the eldest son of sixteen; Thirteen-year-old third son Zhu Cijiong; Twelve-year-old fourth son Zhu Cizhao.

According to the Ming History, after Li Zicheng captured Beijing, he immediately sent troops to search for the descendants of Emperor Chongzhen, and made civil and military officials visit him within three days. Prince Zhu Cilang didn't escape from Beijing. He led his two younger brothers to take refuge in his grandfather Zhou Kui. Unexpectedly, Zhou Kui is not only stingy, but also short-sighted, timid and afraid to let his grandson visit him. In this way, Prince Zhu Cilang, the third son Zhu Cijiong and the fourth son Zhu Cizhao fell into the hands of Li Zicheng. Li Zicheng handed Zhu Cilang and others over to Liu Zongmin for supervision, and later made Zhu Cilang king of the Song Dynasty. After Li Zicheng defeated Shanhaiguan, when he left Beijing, he set fire to the Forbidden City and Jiumen Pagoda, and "carried the prince and two kings to the west". Since then, the three sons of Emperor Chongzhen have disappeared.

It is precisely because their whereabouts have become a mystery that the adherents of the Ming Dynasty used their names to climb high and shout loudly, and launched more than 70 civil uprisings under the banner of "fighting against the Qing Dynasty and restoring sight", which troubled the history of the four emperors Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong for nearly a hundred years.

Shunzhi said, no matter true or false, catch and kill! In the winter of the first year of Shunzhi, Liu, who claimed to be Prince Chongzhen, came to the eunuch's house. Yu Yang changed his clothes and sent them to his grandfather Zhou Kui's house. The young man surnamed Liu said that when Beijing fell, he fled to Li Guogong's house, but Li Guogong's family also fled and had to live with an old woman selling tofu for three months. Zhou Kui was glad to see the prince coming, and knelt down to provide him with wine and food. But after a long time, I felt that there was fraud and reported it to the court. The Qing government ordered Yuan Guifei and the eunuchs of the Prince's Mansion in the East Palace to identify them. A few people didn't feel like it after reading it, so they asked him about the old things in the palace. The young man surnamed Liu couldn't answer, so Yuan Guifei and the eunuch in the East Palace reported to the court that the young man was an impostor. After the review, the Qing government symmetrically announced that this person was a prince and was executed.

At the end of Shunzhi, Muhu, the servant of Shao Qinggao's dream girl in crack hon temple, went south from the north and met a handsome guy on the way, so they went hand in hand. When sleeping at night, Muhu was surprised to find a dragon pattern embroidered on his underwear and hurriedly asked for his identity. The boy said: I am the prince of Emperor Chongzhen. Shanhaiguan was captured by Wu Sangui in World War I, and then I was thrown to the people! Muhu didn't dare to neglect, and worked hard day and night to send him to Gao Mengji. After seeing Gao, the boy told Gao about his past life in the palace. Gao couldn't judge whether he was a teenager or not, so he had to settle down and send someone to send him to Suzhou. Soon after, he was transferred to Hangzhou and Jinhua to live.

Teenagers even show off when they arrive in Hangzhou. Soon after, his identity was known by the then Nanming small court. Therefore, Emperor Hong Guang of Nanming immediately sent eunuch Li Jizhou to investigate, and took the boy to Nanjing, and settled him in the emergency exit of Xingshan Temple. The next day, Hong Guang went to court and said, "There is a little son who is said to be the East Palace of the first emperor. If it is the son of the real first emperor, it is my son. You should take care of your shirt and don't lose it. " In order to prove the authenticity of the young prince's identity, Hong Guang invited many officials to identify him. Wang Duo, a college student, once worked as an instructor in the East Palace for three years. After his appraisal, he thought the boy was an impostor. Hong Guang learned from the young man's trial that the young man was actually Ma's nephew named Wang Zhiming. When he fled south, he was ordered to pretend to be the son of Chongzhen in order to be rich. However, because the mastermind was not found out, the teenager was put in prison for trial. Soon, the Qing army went south, and Hong Guang fled to the south. The boy was escorted to Beijing by Qing soldiers, and was soon executed by the Qing government together with Zhu Youyong.

Ming prince, who appeared in Beijing and Nanjing successively, has different opinions on its authenticity, whether in the early Qing Dynasty or now, but it can also be seen that neither the small court in Nanming nor the emerging Qing government is willing to admit that it is true. Although Emperor Hong Guang claimed that "if the son of the real late emperor is my son, I should be given priority", in fact, if Emperor Hong Guang really admits that Nanjing teenager is the son of Emperor Chongzhen, the legitimacy of Emperor Hong Guang will face unprecedented challenges. For example, during the detention of Nanjing teenagers, Zuo Liangyu, the Hou of Ningnan, used the title to attack the imperial court, claiming that he came to "Jun Qing side" on the orders of the Crown Prince and invaded Nanjing. The infighting happened in the small court of Nanming, which also doomed the small court of Nanming to die soon. As for the Qing government, it is even more unwilling to admit that the two teenagers who appeared in Beijing and Nanjing were after Chongzhen. In that case, it is extremely difficult to kill or release them, and killing them will definitely cause greater resistance from the adherents of the Ming Dynasty. Left unchecked, it will make more adherents of the Ming Dynasty regard it as orthodox and cause unnecessary turmoil. So the best way is to claim that teenagers in Beijing and Nanjing are impostors.

Although the Qing government executed two fake princes in the north and south successively, it also gave more people with ulterior motives an opportunity. In the eighth year of Shunzhi, Wang Daozhen of Longde County, Shaanxi Province claimed to be the Prince of Qidong Palace tomorrow, secretly recruited talents, and plotted to "restore the old business", which was captured by Pingliang Prefecture, Shaanxi Province. Although after investigation, Wang Dao was indeed a descendant of the Ming imperial clan, the Qing government executed him for impersonating the original Prince of the East Palace.

Kangxi said: Why are there so many "princes of Zhu San" in the world? It must be all fake. Kill! During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, with the widespread spread of the legend of the former Prince and Tibetans, anti-Qing organizations all over the country fought against the Qing court under the banner of the Ming Dynasty Prince, especially Yang Qilong, who claimed to be "Prince Zhu San".

In the 12th year of Kangxi, Yang Qilong secretly sneaked into Beijing while Wu Sangui rebelled, and launched secret activities among the slaves of the Eight Banners. He planned to set fire to an uprising in Beijing in the 13th year of Kangxi. Yang Qilong is a street scoundrel. Although he had no political position, he used the contradiction between Manchu and Han at that time to seek the greatest wealth in the world. So, he forged the name of the unknown folk prince Zhu San and secretly expanded his team.

1 Feb.21Day and night, Yang Qilong contacted more than 30 people, including Lang's slave Huang Tailing, his supervisor with Huang Qi, and Zhou Gong's slave Chen Yi, who was in Qi, and held a secret meeting at Zhou Gong's home in Gulou West Street, Xicheng, Beijing, to make specific arrangements for the uprising:1,calling himself "Long live" and establishing the title "Guangde"; 2. The insurgents are called "Zhongxing officers and soldiers"; On March 23, Wu Geng, with white cloth wrapped around his head and red as the number, set fire in and around Beijing. Unfortunately, when they were plotting indoors, they aroused the suspicion of a servant of the Duke of Zhou's house and told him. Zhou Gongzhi felt that the situation was serious and reported to Lang Shuting, a diploma student with a yellow flag. Tu Hai and Zu Yonglie, commander-in-chief of Huang Zhengqi, quickly ignited the officers and men and personally surrounded the house of the Duke of Zhou. Yang Qilong organized uprising officers and soldiers to resist stubbornly, but after all, the strength difference between the two sides was too great, and the insurgents were quickly suppressed. Apart from Yang Qilong, several people escaped from Beijing. Chen Yi, the servant of the Duke of Zhou in the flag, and his wife and entourage were all captured by the Qing army. In order to search for Yang Qilong and his followers, the Qing government raided Beijing, and hundreds of people were arrested and thousands were implicated. Among them, more than 200 people were executed, and Yang Qilong was wanted all over the country.

However, three years later, "Prince Zhu San" not only failed to catch this case, but also a "Prince Zhu San" appeared in Fujian. The "Prince of Zhu San" was originally Cai Yin from Longxi County, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, who mainly planted gardens. In the sixteenth year of Kangxi, Zheng Jing, the son of Zheng Chenggong, was defeated by Qing soldiers in Quanzhou and Zhangzhou and was forced to evacuate to Xiamen. Cai Mao gathered some stragglers, sent Xu Ting to sneak into Quanzhou, and contacted Zheng Jing, the son of Zheng Chenggong, in an attempt to cooperate with Zheng Jing from the inside and recapture Quanzhou recovered by the Qing government. In the meantime, the insurgents wrapped their heads in white cloth, and people called them white-headed thieves. Rebels secretly carried out anti-Qing activities in Nanjing, Changtai and Tongan, defeated the Qing army many times and strongly supported Zheng Jing. Because of the disparity between the enemy and me, he was soon defeated by the Qing army, so he had to take refuge in Zheng Jing and changed his name to Cai.

In the eighteenth year of Kangxi, when the grandson of Qing Taizu Aixinjue Luo Nurhachi was stationed in Fengmuling, he captured a man in the monk temple in Xinhua County, Hunan Province, claiming to be Prince Zhu Cican of Chongzhen. According to his confession, after Li Zicheng broke Kyoto, he fled Beijing and went to Nanjing to take refuge in Zhu Youyong, the axe king. In order to prove his legitimacy, Zhu Youyong imprisoned Zhu Cican and demoted him to a civilian after his release. He wandered to Henan, became a monk, and studied Buddhism with the deadwood monk. Later, due to illness and secularization, they plotted against the Qing Dynasty in Yongzhou and Baoqing. Emperor Kangxi read Yue Le's memorial tablet and said, I asked the eunuchs of the former Ming Dynasty about it. Zhu Cican was still young when Li Zicheng broke the capital. How could he have escaped from the capital? How could he still be alive now? Emperor Kangxi ordered Yue Le to escort him back to Beijing for further consideration. When he arrived in Beijing, Emperor Kangxi asked him to face Yang Qilong's wife and related followers. Not only his followers don't know him, but even Yang's wife doesn't know him. So Emperor Kangxi beheaded him for pretending to be a prince.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, rebels from all over the country used the name of "Prince Zhu San" to call on the masses to fight against the Qing Dynasty. There are also many sayings about "Prince Zhu San", some of which are Zhu Cican; Some people say it's Zhu Cihuan. In fact, it doesn't matter who is the real Prince of Zhu San or whether he really lived in this world at that time. What is important is that the Qing government has always adhered to the policy of ethnic discrimination and oppression, which made the emotional wounds of the Han people unable to heal in a short time, and it is understandable that the rebels of "Prince Zhu San" appear constantly.

Yongzheng said: How about I make you the "Prince of Zhu San" and make you prosperous? When Yong Zhengdi was in office, seeing the world's "Prince Zhu San" was like cutting leeks. Finally, he cut this crop and grew a new one. When will it end? As some people miss "Prince Zhu San", I will officially designate a real "Prince Zhu San" and see what name you will make! So, through textual research, Yong Zhengdi found Zhu Zhilian, the descendant of Zhu Gui, the thirteenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang. During the Chongzhen period, Zhu Zhilian's grandfather Zhu Yijun was captured by the Qing army and placed under the white flag. During the Kangxi period, Zhu Zhilian became an official and had a good reputation. When Yong Zhengdi searched for the descendants of Chongzhen, someone reported to the court. Yong Zhengdi was very happy, so he called him into the imperial court, gave him a first class directly, and took him into Zhengbaiqi, one of the three flags. Every spring and autumn, when offering sacrifices to the Ming Tombs, Zhu Zhilian will go to Nanjing as a descendant of the former Ming Dynasty to pay homage to Zhu Yuanzhang.

However, some historical experts believe that Zhu Zhilian's identity is suspicious. One of the most important evidences is that Zhu Yuanzhang arranged the generations of his twenty-six sons before his death. For example, the generations of Zhu Biao, the eldest son, are as follows: let the text follow the instructions of the ancestors, win by the monarch, take advantage of it, and make good use of it; Judy, the fourth son, has the following generations: Gao Zhanqi sees the world, thick and easy, kind and kind, etc., and Emperor Jianjing comes first; Zhu Gui, the thirteenth son, has the following generations: Xun Shi became a wise man, taking Ding Yi as the imperial court, inheriting Lian Xiuyu's legacy and strengthening Hongji. Not only that, Zhu Yuanzhang also stipulated that the last word in the names of later generations must be based on five behaviors and the five elements should be arranged in the order of "wood, fire, earth, gold and water". For example, Zhu Yuanzhang's eldest son is Zhu Biao, and his eldest son is Zhu Yunwen. Accordingly, Zhu Zhilian's word generation is Yi, and the last word should be a Chinese character next to the word "Tu".

Of course, some people think that according to the name of Zhu Zhilian's grandfather yi zhu, Zhu Zhilian should be the descendant of Zhu Gui, the thirteenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang. As for Zhu Zhilian, he is no longer named after the word generation left by his ancestors. By this time, the Ming Dynasty had already perished, and the Qing government persecuted the descendants of the former Ming imperial clan everywhere, and he could not escape. Who dares to hit the gun again? He had to change his name in order to defend peace.

In a word, whether Zhu Zhilian is really a descendant of the Ming royal family or not, it is really a great luck for Zhu Zhilian. Zhu Zhilian's descendants have enjoyed first-class treatment from generation to generation. Even after the demise of the Qing Dynasty, they were returned to the royal family of the Qing Dynasty by Yuan Shikai and still received a large living allowance from the government of the Republic of China. For the Qing government, with such an authentic descendant of Ming clan here, other people with ulterior motives can no longer rebel as ming prince. Spending money on world peace is really the best deal in the world.

Gan Long said: "Prince Zhu San" can really survive in adversity! After Yongzheng made Zhu Zhilian a descendant of the royal family before the Ming Dynasty, non-governmental anti-Qing organizations continued. Even during the Qianlong period, people still organized anti-Qing activities in Luzon Island in the northern Philippines in the name of "Prince Zhu San". It is rumored that when Chongzhen was in power, he knew that the Ming Dynasty would be finished sooner or later, so he allocated millions of dollars to resettle immigrants and build Luzon Island. After the demise of Li Zicheng, Emperor Chongzhen sent his son to Luzon Island to lead the adherents of the former Ming Dynasty to carry out anti-Qing activities there.

At this time, it has been nearly a hundred years since the demise of the Ming Dynasty. If there is a Prince Zhu San, I'm afraid he is over 65,438+000 years old, which is even more incredible.

Throughout history, in fact, from the Qing Dynasty's entry to Xuan Tong's abdication, from the "Prince Zhu San" in the early Qing Dynasty to the later "Red Flower Festival", "White Lotus Sect" and "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", civil uprising organizations have been constantly, which also shows that the policy of ethnic discrimination and oppression pursued by the Qing government has aroused the dissatisfaction of the broad masses of the people, who are eager to return to the Ming Dynasty ruled by the Han people. As for the "Prince Zhu San" that has always appeared, it is only a means of secret association of anti-Qing organizations. As for the real Prince Zhu San, it doesn't matter whether he died in the war in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties or whether he was hidden among the people. Perhaps, for the son of Emperor Chongzhen, under the rule of the Qing court, isn't it a kind of luck that the people can cook well in the morning, carry the stars and walk safely on the grass?