Shaanxi army's most powerful long-term battle against Japan

The most difficult battles of Shaanxi army against Japan are: Shaanxi army's eastward expedition, Yongji defense war, 66 campaign and Zhongtiaoshan campaign.

1, Shaanxi army crusade

To mention the contribution of Shaanxi army in the defense of Zhongtiaoshan, we must start with the "xi 'an Incident". After the Xi Incident, Zhang Xueliang was taken to Nanjing by Chiang Kai-shek and Yang Hucheng was dismissed. Shaanxi army is under the command of General Sun.

Sun, a native of Chang 'an District, Xi, is a typical Guanzhong man, with a height of more than 1.9 meters and a big waist. He and Zhao Shoushan, a native of Huxian County, both graduated from An Army Surveying and Mapping School at that time. They started as junior officers under Yang Hucheng and later became army commanders.

1937 After the July 7th Incident, Sun took over as the chairman of Shaanxi Provincial Government and commander of the 38th Army (formed by downsizing the former 17 Route Army of Yang Hucheng).

During the subsequent rectification period, Sun successively sent 17 Division, 177 Division 529 Brigade, the training regiment and other troops to the front line, and participated in the battles of Baoding, Niangziguan and Xinkou, which delayed the military progress of the Japanese aggressors with great sacrifices. After the battle of Niangziguan and the battle of Xinkou, these troops retreated westward along the Yellow River to rest.

1938 In February, Zhao Shoushan's 17 Division and 529 Brigade entered Taihang Mountain area in southeastern Shanxi to carry out guerrilla warfare, belonging to the battle sequence of Taihang East Road Army, under the command of Zhu De and Peng. In the meantime, 17 division also participated in the battle of Xiyangyu, which was the first confrontation between Shaanxi army and Japanese army in Zhongtiaoshan.

1In July, 938, the 38th Army was reorganized into 3 1 Army, with 38th Army and 96th Army under its jurisdiction, as well as the teaching regiment and cavalry regiment directly under the Army Corps. Sun was relieved of his post as chairman of the province and served as a commander. Under the command of Chiang Kai-shek, he led Shaanxi ministries to cross the river to resist Japan.

After Sun Lingbing crossed the Yellow River, he recovered more than a dozen counties such as Yongji and fenglingdu in one fell swoop. However, after the "Xuzhou Battle" in August of 1938, the Japanese army on the West Road directly threatened Xi 'an with fenglingdu.

2. Yongji Defence War

Zhou Pu Town, Yongji County, not far from fenglingdu, is a border town to protect fenglingdu. If you want to hold fenglingdu, you must first hold Puzhou City. According to local villagers, the terrain is not dangerous. The ancient city faces the Yellow River in the west and an open field in the northeast. Japanese mechanized troops can reach Zhou Pu directly through the open fields.

At the foot of Zhongtiao Mountain, six or seven kilometers southeast of Puzhou City, there is a Wangu Temple built during the Northern Wei Dynasty, which is opposite to the Pujiu Temple in Beishan.

According to local rumors, this Pujiu Temple is the place where "the matchmaker led the red line under the moon and Zhang Shengqiao met Cui Yingying" in the West Chamber. Both temples are built on the mountain, which is the only passage from Yuncheng to Zhou Pu. Therefore, if we can control these two highlands, it is of great significance to defend Puzhou City.

In order to stop the Japanese army, Sun ordered the 3 1 Corps to dig an anti-tank trench about ten feet deep in the open space between the two temples. 1August, 938, the battle of Yongji started. At dawn on the 8th, the 20th Division of the Japanese Army stationed in Yuncheng, with the strength of a brigade, equipped with four artillery squadrons, three tank squadrons and more than ten planes, attacked Yongji in three ways.

Sun commanded 3 1 Legion to fight hard, and a bloody battle started. 1August 5, 938, in the fierce battle, a Japanese army led by a traitor attacked the right-wing mountain and captured the Wangu Temple, disrupting the formation of 3 1 Legion.

Sun urgently ordered the teaching group known as the "Iron Army" to rescue the Temple of Eternity. Li Zhenxi, head of the training regiment, led two battalions to recapture the Wangu Temple, and the Japanese army retreated to Xiyaowen Village.

"It was already late, and it was still raining. But I don't know if we still have Xiyaowen Village. Li Zhenxi told my father that it took him a long time to figure out the situation. My father said that both our people and the enemy should rush in first. " Zhang said, the son of the 3rd battalion commander.

Zhang Xiwen, a native of Zhang Gui Village, Linwei District, Weinan City, 1930 was admitted to Nanjing Central Military Academy. After graduation, he was assigned to Yang Hucheng's 17th Route Army Training Camp. That day, Zhang Xiwen took the lead in rushing into Xiyaowen Village. Unexpectedly, the Japanese army deployed heavy troops in the village. After the 3rd Battalion rushed into the village, it was violently blocked by the Japanese army.

Zhang Xiwen led the 3rd Battalion to start street fighting with the Japanese army. From the first night to the next morning, the Japanese army kept increasing its troops, while only 100 soldiers were left in the third battalion. Later, Zhang Xiwen and all the soldiers in the camp died. Subsequently, the Japanese army took advantage of the situation to capture Puzhou City. /kloc-in August of 0/7, the Japanese army surrounded Yongji City from the east, south and north (west of the Yellow River).

At 5 pm, the Japanese army rushed into the city under the cover of tanks and artillery, and the China army started street fighting in the city. At 6 o'clock, even the cook broke into the enemy group, Yongji fell, and 500 officers and men of China Army died heroically.

China's army retreated to the last line of defense in fenglingdu, Han Yang town. At that time, 3 1 Legion fought against the current, or it would die if it didn't succeed. With such determination and people's support, a small town in Han Yang was attacked by the Japanese for half a month, but it didn't win.

3, 66 sports

After Yongji Campaign, the various parts of China's army have been assembled in place, and the defense of Zhongtiaoshan Mountain has been basically ready. Sun deployed his main forces in Yuncheng, Anyi, Xiaxian and other places, guarding the western section of Zhongtiao Mountain. At this point, Sun Bu's defensive land spans more than 300 miles, with a depth of 30 to 40 miles, which is one of the important battlefields in North China to defend the Yellow River and prevent the enemy from invading the south and the west.

The "bloodiness" shown by the Shaanxi army in the defense of Yongji has been rewarded. 1938165438+1October, Sun Bu was reorganized into the fourth army, with Sun as the commander-in-chief. In addition to the original two armies, the troops under his jurisdiction also governed the 47th Sichuan Army in Lijiayu. Seven months later, on June 6th, 1939, another fierce battle broke out, which was called "June 6th Campaign" in history.

April 15, 17 Fu, director of the Literature and History Office of Pinglu County Political Consultative Conference in Yuncheng City, introduced that in June 1939, more than 30,000 men from the 20th and 35th divisions of the Japanese army, under the cover of more than 30 fighter planes, attacked Maojindu, the Yellow River ferry at the western end of Zhongtiao Mountain and deployed it in Maojindu area.

Maojindu, fenglingdu and Dayudu are also known as the three ancient ferries of the Yellow River, and they are also known as the land of "Sanjin Pingfan".

On June 8, 1939, 10, the Japanese army captured Pinglu, and on June 8,10, it occupied Maojindu, isolating the contact between the 38th Army and the 96th Army. Li Xingzhong, commander of the 96th Army, had to retreat to the south bank of the Yellow River under the cover of soldiers.

However, other soldiers of the 96 th Army were not so lucky. In a cropland in Dagounan Village, Ruicheng County, there stands a stone tablet set by volunteers, which records the fierce fighting that took place here that year. It is written that the soldiers of the 96th Army 1057 Regiment and the Corps of Engineers stayed here for several days in the "June 6th Campaign", but they ran out of ammunition and food until the whole army was wiped out.

Xiao Yongping, director of the Information Department of the Propaganda Department of Ruicheng County Committee, is a folk researcher of this history. Many old people he interviewed confirmed that some soldiers retreated after running out of ammunition and food, but many people were killed by Japanese machine guns.

Because all the old people in the village know this history, there are no human crops on a large piece of land behind the tombstone. It is still a pure yellow land. Below, the bones of countless anti-Japanese soldiers are buried.

A few miles away, it is rumored that the little soldiers in the barracks of the corps of engineers would rather die than jump off the Matou Cliff of the Yellow River. Xiao Yongping said that at that time, most of the soldiers in these engineering barracks were very young, and some had never even fired a gun. When I saw the Japanese calling, I had to jump off a cliff to survive. Matou Cliff is 100 meters high, and there is no shelter under the cliff, so there is almost no possibility of survival if you jump.

There are still two or three miles from the Yellow River, so it is impossible to jump directly into the Yellow River from the cliff here.

Despite this, these Shaanxi "cold babies" never thought of surrendering. According to Zhang, the descendant of the local fourth army veteran, the soldiers are determined not to surrender. At that time, there were dozens of female soldiers in the 96 th Army who failed to keep up with the troops. Desperate, they walked hand in hand into the Yellow River from Shakoutan and were swallowed up by the rushing river.

According to statistics, in the "June 6th Campaign", only 96 troops suffered more than 5,000 casualties, and even more civilian casualties. In the Shakoutan area of the Yellow River alone, 4,000 soldiers and civilians were shot dead by the Japanese army, and the river was full of floating corpses, making it the first "big floating corpse" in the Yellow River during the Anti-Japanese War.

However, after the adjustment, Sun took the initiative to attack the troops. After more than ten days of fierce fighting, he completely regained his original position and broke the Japanese attempt to sweep Zhongtiao Mountain.

Over the years, with the Zhongtiaoshan Anti-Japanese War being understood by more and more people, the number of people who come to Tomb-Sweeping Day to burn paper is increasing every year. 20 1 1 In April, Xiao Yongping, together with many volunteers and with the help of a Chinese American, built an "anti-Japanese hero who jumped into the Yellow River and died".

4. Battle of Zhongtiaoshan

From 1938 to 194 1 year, there were 13 battles in Zhongtiaoshan area, but the scale was not large. However, a real crisis is approaching quietly.

At the end of 1940, the Japanese government adjusted its war policy toward China and made a decision that "the China incident must be resolved quickly", demanding that "the last active battle be held before 194 1 autumn to try to solve the China incident." In addition, China's ally, the Soviet Union, also signed a non-aggression treaty with Japan to resist the German invasion.

Therefore, the Japanese army was able to mobilize the main force to fight, with the intention of getting through the North China Passage and completely destroying the national army stationed in Zhongtiaoshan, threatening Xi, Luoyang and even Chongqing.

Although the senior officials of the Kuomintang are aware of the Japanese army's attempt to attack Zhongtiaoshan on a large scale, they believe that the Japanese army's ambition lies in crossing the Yellow River and taking Xi 'an and Luo Yang directly. So he sent heavy troops to guard two places to prevent the Japanese from crossing the river, and even the defenders of Zhongtiaoshan were transferred to Luoyang for garrison.

Among them, Sun's Fourth Army was also transferred on the eve of the Jinnan Campaign. This Shaanxi army was defeated by the "June 6th Campaign" and was praised as "Zhongtiaoshan Iron Pillar" by Wei, commander of the First Theater.

After Sun was transferred, it meant that the original 240,000 defenders in Zhongtiaoshan suddenly became 6.5438+0.8 million. According to some data, the army seems to be 1.8 million. In fact, 1.3 people are doing business, 1.3 people are farming, and only 1.3 people are practicing. Then only these 60 thousand people are really fighting. The Japanese, on the other hand, increased their strength to 65,438+10,000. In fact, the Japanese army occupied an absolute advantage.

At the same time, because the troops have been stationed for a long time and have not changed battalions, Japanese spies have a clear understanding of the situation of the various legions. Even when both sides got cold feet, the enemy could name the battalions and heads of the Kuomintang army.

Under such circumstances, the battle of Zhongtiaoshan broke out on May 7, 194 1. Before and after the campaign lasted more than a month, due to insufficient preparation in advance and lack of unified command, except for a few breakthroughs, most troops in China were scattered, with 35,000 people captured and 42,000 bodies abandoned.