Construction technology of diversion and closure in water conservancy construction?

What are the contents of diversion and closure construction technology in water conservancy construction? The following Zhong Da consults the bidding teacher to answer your questions for your reference.

In recent years, although the number of water conservancy projects in China has been increasing, the quality problems of water conservancy projects still occur from time to time because of the poor application of builders' technology, which leads to the failure of water conservancy projects to play their due role when floods occur and causes certain losses to coastal farmland and cities. The foundation of water conservancy project quality lies in the construction of infrastructure, and the most critical technical link is the application of diversion construction technology and river closure construction technology. Therefore, this paper studies the construction technology of diversion and closure in water conservancy project construction.

1 current situation of diversion and closure construction technology in China's water conservancy construction

With the improvement of China's social and economic level, China's construction industry has gradually occupied the main position in the development of market economy, and various construction projects have also increased. As one of the construction projects, water conservancy construction project is mainly used for flood prevention in rainy season and drought prevention in dry season, which can not only effectively protect the safety of cities and infrastructure around water conservancy construction project, but also provide necessary help for improving the quality of life of coastal people. However, before the official start of water conservancy construction, in order to ensure the smooth construction of water conservancy projects, it is necessary to explore the geological and hydrological conditions in the construction area and adopt scientific and reasonable means to carry out diversion and interception projects. The purpose of diversion and closure engineering construction is to improve the overall structural quality of water conservancy projects, so as to effectively isolate water flow from foundation construction projects and provide necessary guarantee for the safety and reliability of water conservancy construction. Judging from the construction of diversion and interception project, although this project belongs to the basic link in the overall construction of water conservancy projects. However, from a practical point of view, the diversion and interception project is both the foundation and the key in the whole water conservancy project construction, and it is the guarantee of the quality of the whole water conservancy project. Therefore, in the actual construction process, the construction unit must carry out a clear division of labor for each construction link, so as to effectively ensure the quality of the closure surface. In this way, once encountering the high-intensity impact of intercepting water flow, it will not lead to the collapse or leakage of diversion and interception projects, and ensure the safety of water conservancy projects during construction.

2 diversion construction technology in water conservancy construction

Due to the large overall engineering quantity of water conservancy projects, the construction environment is more complicated. Therefore, the construction period of the whole water conservancy project is long. Before the overall construction, the water source of the construction river must be diverted to avoid being affected by the interception surface and the rising water level, thus causing harm to the farmland and cities around the river. From this point of view, using scientific and effective water diversion construction technology to divert water from the construction site plays a very key role in the construction of the whole water conservancy project. In addition, the construction of water conservancy projects is likely to pollute the environment around the waters. Therefore, in the process of designing water diversion project, pollution prevention and safety construction must be placed in the same important position.

2. 1 diversion construction technology

In the whole construction process of water conservancy project, diversion technology is an indispensable technology and a key technical means. It can not only effectively guide the water source in the construction area and reduce the pressure on the closure surface, but also effectively improve the safety and reliability of the whole water conservancy project construction. However, before adopting diversion construction technology, the following conditions must be met: First, the technicians engaged in diversion construction must have a high quality level and professional technical ability. Before the construction of water conservancy construction project, although it is necessary to explore the surrounding geological and hydrological conditions, the underwater environment is unpredictable and some emergencies may occur at any time. Only with sufficient professional quality and practical ability can we find an effective way to deal with emergencies in a short time. Secondly, exploration should be done well before construction. Although the underwater situation is unpredictable, the geological and hydrological exploration in the early stage can provide necessary reference for construction technicians, so that they can better avoid risks and find problems in construction design in time. Therefore, we should be prepared for emergencies. Finally, due to the different construction waters, the choice of diversion methods is also very different. There are two common diversion methods, the first is phased diversion, and the second is one-time diversion. From the construction period, the one-time diversion period is short, while the phased diversion needs to be carried out in stages, and the construction period is long. From the perspective of construction cost, the construction cost of one-time diversion is low, while there are many stages of phased diversion, which leads to higher cost. Therefore, many small and medium-sized water conservancy projects will choose one-time diversion technology, which has short construction period and low cost. However, some large-scale water conservancy projects with high water pressure adopt water diversion technology to ensure the construction quality and safety of the whole project. In addition, in the waters with fast water flow, diversion is better than one-off diversion in safety. However, the one-time shunt does not need long-term maintenance in the maintenance process, which reduces the cost consumed in the maintenance process, but the efficiency of shunt is not as stable as that of phased shunt. Therefore, in the actual construction process, it is necessary to choose according to the actual situation of the construction unit and the construction waters.

2.2 Selection of diversion period

In the construction of water diversion project, attention must be paid to the selection of water diversion period. Although, before the diversion construction, the geological, hydrological and even climatic conditions in the diversion area will be investigated, and the construction can only begin after it is determined. Due to the particularity of water diversion project construction, it is easily influenced and hindered by external factors. For example, during the construction of the water diversion project, sudden rainstorm in the surrounding areas led to the continuous rise of the overall water level. This is likely to cause the flow in the construction basin to be inconsistent with the predicted results after exploration, thus increasing the difficulty of diversion construction. In severe cases, it may even threaten the personal safety of construction workers. Therefore, in the actual construction process, relevant personnel should not only pay attention to the weather conditions in the construction basin, but also pay close attention to the weather conditions around the construction basin, so as to accurately judge the drainage situation and possible change time of the upstream river, and thus choose a safer diversion construction period for construction. In addition, in the process of river closure, it is still necessary to do a good job of drainage to ensure that the diversion construction can always be carried out smoothly. Judging from the actual situation of water diversion project construction, it is seriously affected by external factors. In this way, in the process of designing the construction scheme of water diversion project, all possible economic, cultural and natural factors should be considered as much as possible, and various factors should be integrated to finally draw a conclusion. In order to ensure the integrity and reliability of the design and construction scheme, the best way is to constantly improve the scheme through the actual construction simulation, so as to draw the final design conclusion. In the overall design of water diversion project, the determination of water diversion period is the key to determine the time point of water retention. From this point of view, the water retaining device in water diversion project can be divided into two parts: perennial water retaining and dry season water retaining. As for the choice of diversion mode, it is usually influenced by factors such as river flow and river water level. Once the water level of the river changes greatly, the best way is to adopt the method of overflow cofferdam. In the dry season, the flow of the river will restrict the water retaining height of cofferdam and diversion and discharge structures.

3 River closure construction technology in water conservancy project construction

3. 1 Blasting sealing technology

From the application of blasting closure technology, blasting throttling technology has obvious technical advantages, but there are also some problems and shortcomings. The advantage of blasting closure technology is that the blasting closure speed is faster and the effect is better. In some water conservancy construction areas with harsh environment, hard texture and poor traffic environment, the construction effect is very remarkable. In the actual construction process, blasting can cause a strong impact on the surrounding rock strata and soil layers, and make them approach quickly, effectively eliminating the water flow. Relevant technicians only need to correct the rock accumulation layer in the leakage area and the low bearing capacity area, which not only effectively reduces the consumption of human resources in the construction process, but also greatly reduces the use of mechanical equipment. However, the blasting interception technology is not perfect, and there are also some problems in the use process. First, during the blasting process, the blasting interception technology will not only do harm to the surrounding geological environment, but also pollute the surrounding water environment with the residue produced after the explosion. The closure surface produced by blasting usually has poor upper stability, frequent rockfalls and falling rocks, and the closure direction is difficult to control. In addition, it is difficult to dismantle the water conservancy project after it is completed. To sum up, in the process of using blasting interception technology, we must pay attention to the following requirements: First, it can be implemented without affecting the surrounding environment. Secondly, the choice of blasting point must be in the downstream of the river, otherwise the effect of river closure cannot be achieved. Finally, in order to ensure the stability after blasting closure, we should always pay attention to the weather conditions in the construction waters and surrounding areas to avoid the situation that water seepage is enhanced due to large-scale precipitation.

3.2 Sluice closure technology and specific construction methods

From the actual construction effect, the gate closure technology is one of the most effective and commonly used closure methods. Especially in the river closure with high impact pressure, the gate closure technology can temporarily cut off the water flow, so that the pressure of the river channel can be effectively released, thus ensuring the smooth progress of water conservancy construction projects under high pressure environment and providing favorable guarantee for water conservancy construction.

3.3 throwing block material method

In the river closure technology, throwing blocks is not a common river closure construction method, nor is it one of the methods often used in water conservancy projects. Throwing block method is mostly used in areas with complex terrain or deep water basins. In the process of construction, available materials include: large stones, stones and fillers. Through the design scheme before construction, it will be cast in the area where river closure is needed. Therefore, in the design of construction scheme, the throwing range should be determined according to the actual situation of the throwing area and the interception position of the designed interception. From the practical point of view, the throwing block interception technology does not need too many operations, but also consumes a lot of money. However, due to a large number of throwing fillers, it is bound to cause serious pollution to the water source, thus destroying the ecological chain of the construction waters and even the surrounding waters. Therefore, when intercepting in this way, it is mostly carried out in waters with serious environmental pollution, or in the construction of some small water conservancy projects, because there are less fillers used for intercepting, it can also be used.

4 conclusion

To sum up, in the process of China's social and economic development, as a construction project benefiting the country and the people, it is inevitable that the number of water conservancy projects will increase. However, in the actual construction process, as a water conservancy project builder, we should pay attention to the importance of diversion construction technology and river closure construction technology, fully understand the possible problems in the infrastructure construction of water conservancy projects, and adopt scientific and reasonable methods to solve them. So as to pave the way for the later construction quality and effectively improve the development level of water conservancy project construction.

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