The History and Culture of Tianying Town

Tianying Town has a long history, outstanding people and profound cultural heritage. Because it is located in the Huanghuai Plain, the Yellow River has flooded southward for many times since the Song Dynasty, and a large amount of high-viscosity sediment has been deposited here, providing excellent raw materials for the ceramic industry. After the Ming Dynasty, immigrants and local adherents merged with each other and developed a unique art of carved and painted pottery.

Painted pottery carved in Tianying Town has distinctive folk characteristics. The fetal quality is delicate, earthy red, with yellowish cosmetic soil, and the carving is mainly line carving. Remove some makeup soil, cover with transparent glaze and sprinkle with green glaze. After firing, the three colors of ochre, green and beige set off each other, forming a harmonious color relationship with red tires and light yellow cosmetic soil. Simple and full, naturally flowing. Products include altars, jars, pots, boxes, vases, stationery, toys and furnishings, among which the pots carved with makeup soil are the most representative. The most distinctive work is the carving of dramatic characters in Knife and Horse Man, which is a decorative pattern based on dramatic stories or storylines. The style of the work is exaggerated, the image is simple, the description is smooth, the color is bright and it has a unique folk flavor.

The carved painted pottery in Tianying Town began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and was first discovered in the ruins of the folk kiln in the Tang Dynasty. It has been passed down for nearly a thousand years. Ancient kiln sites along the coast of Sha Ying, such as Yao Lu, Zhuyao, Zhang Shen, Yao Ji, Pengzhang and Wei Yao, were the cradles of pottery-making technology at that time. According to archaeological findings, literature analysis and social investigation, it is preliminarily determined that Tianying ceramics has four development stages:

First, the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Yuan Dynasty Renzong Yanyou period. During the period, it was mainly fired in folk kilns, and the utensils were mostly daily necessities such as cans, altars, bottles and bowls. The shape of the objects is simple and lively, and there is no detailed record of the inheritor during the period.

Second, from the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China. The works of this period are rich in modeling and varied, with dramatic figures carved in makeup and earth, generalized in modeling, exaggerated in expression, vivid and interesting. In addition, there are works on flowers, birds, insects and fish, and the representative figures are Lucian, Zhang Bulan, Tang Laotie, Zhu Huaixin and others.

Third, before liberation to the early sixties. A mutual aid group for pottery production was established, and decentralized firing was changed to collective management. At the same time, it has also received the care and support of the party and the government. Lu Helu, a famous artist, was sent to the mass art research class of Huazhong Branch of Central Academy of Fine Arts to study, and his painting and blank-making skills were greatly improved. On the basis of continuous exploration and practice, Lu created his own three-color sculpture of "Knife and Horse Man", which made Tianying pottery production reach a new level.

Fourth, from the early 1970s to the present. Under the leadership of Lu, a master of folk art, he actively studied and enriched the craft of Tianying painted pottery on the basis of retaining the original traditional craft of "Knife and Horse Man". The technology of three-color carved painted pottery has been inherited and developed, and a series of outstanding achievements have been made at home and abroad, which makes Tianying painted pottery, a wonderful traditional craft, continue to glow with new prosperity and brilliance.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, pottery production was still in the period of using feet and mud in manual workshops. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), 1953 set up a temporary pottery production mutual aid group. In the same year, the antique pottery jar created by Lu won the Excellence Award in East China Arts and Crafts Exhibition. 1954 pottery production group was established, and more than 10,000 pieces of craft pottery produced were all exported to Poland, Czech Republic, Soviet Union, Bulgaria and other countries 10. 1955 changed to pottery production cooperative. 1956 the plastic arts pictorial of the Soviet oriental art museum introduced Lu's ceramic works in a large space. 1958 the pottery production cooperative was officially renamed as the state-owned jieshou craft ceramics factory. 196 1, the address was moved from Yao Lu, Tianying Township to Zhangkongzhuang, Xuzhai Township, north bank of Shahe River. 1984 Lu's work "Jing de dou Luo cheng" won the second place in the national glazed pottery appraisal; "Knife and Horse Man Tri-color Carved Flower Bed" won the honorary title of "Quality Product of Ministry of Light Industry" in the national Hundred Flowers Award appraisal. 1June, 990, at the national arts and crafts industry appraisal meeting held in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, "Knife and Horse Man Tri-color Carved Flower Bed" won the second place in the national glazed pottery category; In August of the same year, at the national craft industry review meeting held in Luoyang, "Knife and Horse Man Tri-color Carved Flower Bed" was once again rated as an excellent product. On June 5438+ 10, 2003, "Knife and Horse Man Tricolor Flower Bed" won the Excellent Exhibit Award of China Tourism World Expo. In April, 2004, "Po Hongzhou Jiutan" won the first folk craft award in Anhui Province.