Looking back on the Five Societies Uprising

Puli, located in the middle of Taiwan Province Province, is characterized by rolling peaks, rolling hills, flat basins and winding rivers. The ancestors felt this beautiful scenery and gave it a nice name-"Shuishalian". It is foggy all day long, with lush seasons, colorful butterflies flying in the valley and gurgling mountains and streams. This is a place where hardworking and brave compatriots from ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province have thrived for generations. However, just between the vibrant mountains and rivers, a genocide that shocked the world broke out. The brutal and ruthless Japanese colonial rulers carried out a heinous and bloody massacre against the Atayal people who endured humiliation and rose up. This is the "Five Societies Incident".

Wushe, located in Nantou County, east of Puli, is a high mountain area with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters. It is named after the frequent fog in Shan Lan. There are more than a dozen Atayal tribes here. They cut down, burned and hunted in the mountains. Although their lives are closed and simple, they are not.

From outside the mountain to Wushe, you must pass through a steep natural pass, where immigrants of all ages will stop, hence the name "people stop." For thousands of years, people have agreed that it is ordinary and peaceful outside the mountain. However, after Japan occupied Taiwan Province Province, in order to plunder resources, it soon got its hands on the central mountainous areas, and the "civil closure" could not stop the vicious Japanese colonists, and the Atayal people of Wushe began. They were regarded as "barbarians", hounds were poisoned, shotguns were confiscated, and they were forced to give up national customs, accept Japanese enslavement education, especially Japanese police, and wantonly exploited, bullied and humiliated Atayal compatriots. What's more, these Japanese policemen forced Atayal women to be wives and concubines under the banner of "intermarriage with barbarians", and most of them were abandoned. The Japanese colonial rulers used such cruel means.

From 65438 to 0930, Japanese rule over Taiwan Province Province has entered its 35th year. With the intensification of economic plunder and cultural aggression, the lives of compatriots of ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province are even more miserable, and ethnic hatred is increasing day by day. It happened that at this time, an arrogant Japanese policeman lit the fuse on the powder keg of Mapo Society of Wushe, and nailed his name on the shame column of history forever.

Mahpo Society is one of the eleven Atayals in Five Societies. Their leader, Monaludao, is tall and burly, straightforward and strong-willed, enjoying high prestige among all ethnic groups in the Five Societies and winning the hearts of the people. /kloc-One day in October, Miss Ruby Bawan of Mahpo Society got married, and Monaludao and her two sons came to the wedding reception. During the dinner, Japanese policeman Yoshimura self-denial suddenly broke in. According to the custom of the Atayal people, the eldest son of Monaludao, Tada Omoh, served Yoshimura a bowl of wine and pulled him to a table. Unexpectedly, Yoshimura suddenly made a sudden snatch and knocked over the wine bowl, and beat Tada Ouming with a baton in public. The people at the wedding banquet were angered, and everyone beat up the Japanese policeman and drove him out of the village. Yoshimura, who has always bullied the villagers, became angry from embarrassment, and threatened to arrest people and punish them severely on the pretext that Monaru Dao and others would gather people to revolt. As soon as the news came out, Wushe, who was enslaved by the Japanese army, was determined to rise up and fight to the death under the leadership of Mona Ludo.

1930, 10/0 On October 27th, the Japanese colonial rulers will hold a joint sports meeting in Wushe Public School to commemorate the death of Prince Nengyu in Taiwan Province Province. Considering that the Japanese army was concentrated and unprepared at this time, Monaludao set the date of the uprising on this day.

654381In the early morning of October 27th, six Atayal tribes in Wushe area headed by Mahpo Society took action at the same time. According to the division of labor in advance, they cut off telephone lines, destroyed the main roads into the mountains, eradicated more than a dozen police stations and seized a large number of guns and ammunition. In this attack, Japanese policeman Yoshimura did the work of Atayal people.

At eight o'clock in the morning, the sports meeting began. When I played music to raise the national flag that day, the rebellious Atayal warriors roared and rushed into the venue, pointing their swords and halberds at the Japanese present. In an instant, these arrogant "rulers" were bloody, and the five-club Atayal anti-Japanese armed uprising that shocked the world began! Wushe Uprising is an armed struggle of Atayal against Japanese rule. The Atayal people were originally very peaceful and simple. However, because the Japanese police kept bullying and enslaving them, they were unbearable and had to actively resist. Their heroic struggle was worthy of praise. Such an anti-Japanese movement should not be forgotten.

The gunfire of the Wushe Uprising shook Taiwan Province Province and Japan, shattered the Japanese colonial rulers' attempt to simplify the complexity and daily life of the aborigines, and marked the awakening of ethnic minority compatriots. The Five Societies Uprising declared to the world that even after the fall of Taiwan Province Province for 35 years, the struggle of the people in Taiwan Province Province against Japanese rule has not stopped.

After this heavy blow, the Japanese colonial rulers immediately began a crazy counterattack. Almost all the military and police troops stationed in various parts of Taiwan Province Province have been dispatched. In order to wipe out Monaludao and the Atayal warriors he led in one fell swoop, planes, cannons and various new weapons were used to bomb Wushi.

In the face of a strong enemy, Monaludao decided to withdraw his men to the mountains and prepare to deal with the Japanese aggressors for a long time. Atayal warriors are all born good hunters. They attack the enemy unexpectedly in the deep mountains and forests, making the Japanese army slow down and paying a price for every step forward. The angry Japanese army could do nothing but throw gas bombs at the Atayal people, causing many Atayal soldiers, women and children to die of poisoning. Some strong Atayal women committed suicide in order to encourage their loved ones to fight bravely and not to drag their people down.

Facing the anti-Japanese Atayal fighters who would rather die than surrender, the Japanese invaders took deadly measures to coerce Atayal people from other tribes to attack Monaludao, and at the same time destroyed crops and houses of all anti-Japanese tribes in an attempt to cut off the food sources of the anti-Japanese Atayal people.

A few days later, the Japanese army sent Nagano team and Zhonggu team as pioneers to storm the anti-Japanese stronghold again. Atayal fighters fired fiercely with newly captured machine guns. In a blink of an eye, two teams suffered heavy casualties and had to retreat hastily.

The indomitable will and death-defying feats of the Five Societies soon spread to Taiwan Province Province, Chinese mainland and the Japanese mainland. The whole island of Taiwan Province Province and all parts of the motherland have launched activities of "supporting the uprising of Wusheshan people against Japan", and the Japanese National People's Party and the Japanese Labor and Agriculture Party protested to the government about the suppression of Wusheshan by Japanese military and police. Emperor Hirohito also listened to the report on the Wushe incident and expressed dissatisfaction with the slow progress of the military and police.

The attack of the Japanese colonial authorities began to escalate crazily. The plane dropped toxic cyanide gas bombs on Wushe, and all kinds of artillery were concentrated on the positions of the anti-Japanese people. At this time, the Taiya anti-Japanese warriors almost ran out of ammunition, and the youngest son of Monaludao, Basho Mona, also died heroically. Monaru ordered his eldest son, Ota Omona, to hold his ground, personally led his people down the mountain, and launched a fierce battle with more than 200 Japanese troops. This is the last time the people of Mahpo saw their leader.

The fighting is still fierce. In order to persuade these Atayal fighters to surrender, Japanese planes dropped leaflets to deceive and seduce them, and seized Mahongmona, the daughter of Monaludao, to coerce Atayal people to give up their resistance. Zhang Xiumei (granddaughter of Monaludo)

My mother is going to hang herself. She left the child in the cliff valley first, and then the child died. She is going to hang herself.

The despicable tricks of the Japanese can't impress Mona Tadao. He and his clan have long held the belief that life is worse than death. In this cave in Mahpo, on February 8, 65438+ 1930, the Atayal warrior who finished the last bullet, together with his relatives, sang an ancient soul song and drank goodbye. Everyone was very calm. They all covered their faces with cloth when they died, because Zuxun said that they could be reincarnated, whether they were descendants of the mountains or the Atayal.

In this way, Monaludao and his Atayal anti-Japanese people tragically ended the most tragic chapter in the anti-Japanese struggle of the aborigines in Taiwan Province Province-"Five Societies Uprising". When the Japanese invaders finally stepped into the jungle and stood in front of their opponents, this body, which had long been far away from life, still frightened them.

Under the holy tree, two brothers, Huagang and their families committed suicide. They are Atayal youths who grew up under Japanese education. They have Japanese names, but they still have Atayal blood on them. When the nation is facing life and death, they resolutely return to the ethnic group and die together with the people. With the unique voice of his own life, the Japanese colonial rulers' attempts to "manage" and "enslave" came to nothing.

The Japanese failed to conquer the warriors of the Wushe Uprising, but they vented their crazy revenge on the surviving Atayal. They provoked hatred among the Atayal tribes, used knives to kill people, and created a "second fog society incident" that almost wiped out Atayal people who participated in the anti-Japanese uprising. Later, they drove the remaining 200 people out of their homes and forcibly moved them to islands in central Sichuan.

Qiu Jiantang (Director-General of Wu She Ren 'ai Rural Farmers Association)

The Japanese have established two concentration camps in advance, and the Japanese have also established two concentration camps. Our people are inside. Around this concentration camp, the Japanese asked our own people to surround the whole concentration camp with bamboo. The Japanese use high-handed means to restrict your movements, of course. The distance behind us is our hometown. When we saw the mountains behind us, we knew that our hometown was there. Many people were in a bad mood and hanged themselves.

Four years after the Wushe Uprising, a hunter found the Monalu Road in a crack in the rock deep in the forest. Although the anti-Japanese hero's tall body has turned into countless bones, he still holds a mottled and rusty rifle tightly in his arms.

The Japanese, who hated Mona Ludo, immediately transported the body back, exposed it to the public first, and then sent it to Imperial University in Taipei as a research specimen. It was not until many years after the recovery of Taiwan Province that people discovered the exact whereabouts of Monarudo's body, and the Atayal anti-Japanese leader was able to return to his hometown after 44 years of martyrdom.

Although the Wushe Uprising was brutally suppressed and failed by the Japanese colonial rulers, this organized, planned and prepared armed uprising became a banner, which has always inspired compatriots in Taiwan Province Province to resist the Japanese colonial rulers. Since then, the armed anti-Japanese activities of ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province have been surging and never stopped until 1945, when Japanese imperialism surrendered unconditionally.

More than 70 years have passed since the Mauna Ludao and Wushe Uprising, and the heroic feats of Atayal compatriots in bloody battles against Japan are still recited by future generations. Nowadays, the heroic spirit of the martyrs has turned into an immortal mountain soul, lingering in the land soaked with blood and tears in Wushe. 1930 The Wushe Uprising broke out 35 years after the Japanese occupied Taiwan Province Province. After Taiwan Province Province was suppressed by armed forces, the household registration was determined, and the regulations on Westernization Supervision were promulgated, the Japanese authorities completed a 900-mile (about four kilometers a day) road network in the Gaoshan nationality area, and stationed a total of more than 5,400 police officers in various places, believing that colonial rule had a certain foundation among the people of Taiwan Province Province and Gaoshan nationality. In the eyes of the Japanese government at that time, Wushefan, located in the middle of Taiwan Province Province, was just considered as the best Gaoshan people to submit to. This exemplary nation, with solemn and stirring determination to die, launched unrest, which must be a major political defect.

Guo Song Hamada, a member of the Japanese House of Representatives, said in a question and debate in the afternoon session of1931.26: Mahab Society (one of the five tribes and eleven societies) is a model fan club among dozens and hundreds of fan clubs in Taiwan Province Province. As far as I know, anyone sent by the House of Representatives to inspect Taiwan Province Province will be guided to visit the May 30th Society according to the arrangement of the Governor's Office (Taiwan Province Province) to see this Mahbubu Society which later rose up and rebelled. Because at that time, it was considered as a model fan club and the best fan club in Taiwan Province Province.

About the reasons of the Five Societies Uprising, some members of Congress at that time made investigation and analysis. They think that all the information of Mr. Song Tian (referring to the then Secretary of State Song Zhi) will never exceed the police report, and the police report will not harm their own position. This is a natural thing, so most members ask questions based on the materials they have collected. This also enables us to learn more about the Five Societies Uprising from the side besides the official materials. Perhaps it can be closer to the truth than the official records of Japan.

Kenzo Asahara, a member of the Japanese House of Representatives, pointed out that there were six reasons for this incident, that is, the Japanese police were very harsh on the Gaoshan people when they forced them to carry wood, which made them dissatisfied. After their military service, they didn't pay their wages according to the original agreement, which further aggravated their resentment. When Gaoshan police were abolished, they were treated unfairly. The police plundered the so-called imported goods produced by the Fanren, which was also the cause of this incident. Japanese police often plunder the products of Gaoshan people in Gaoshan areas, which makes the already poor life of Gaoshan people poorer and arouses their determination to resist. The Governor-General's Office of Taiwan Province Province has imposed a savings system in Gaoshan ethnic areas, which requires everyone to have a few yuan of postal savings. For those who have no money to save, they are forced to sell imported goods cheaply to save money. By the eve of the uprising, the number of Mahabu Society had reached 24 yuan per person, and it was considered as a progressive fan society. The Gaoshan people were forced to move from the mountainous areas to the flat land, and it was forbidden to grow sweet potatoes and millet, which were planted in large quantities in the past. Life was extremely difficult. After listening to Shoko Asahara's question, Mr. Hamada spoke at the plenary meeting of the House of Representatives two days later, pointing out that there were many decadent facts about the policies and affairs of Buddhism besides what Mr. Shoko Asahara listed. He thinks that shallow primitiveness is the reason for observing the uprising from the perspective of the oppressed, but he can find many other reasons from a fair and comprehensive observation, that is, the relationship between the police and women first; The second is the treatment of prisoners; The third is to recall officials who are proficient in customs; The fourth is the separation of the district head and the police, and the fifth is the Sun Moon Lake project. Sixth, cut the maintenance fee of the Governor's Office in Taiwan Province Province. Others, such as compulsory unified education and getting rid of bad customs and habits, have directly or indirectly, generally or partially decayed in government affairs and affairs. Hamada mainly reviewed the policies and affairs of managing Fanfan from the standpoint of colonial rule. In this regard, the member of the House of Lords, Peng Meixin, blamed it on the lax discipline of the Japanese police and the ignorance of the Gaoshan people by grassroots officials. Tang Di said in his question: The central reason for the rise of bees is the relaxation of discipline. He believes that the root cause of the uprising is the lax discipline of Japanese police, and as a result, most police officers commit adultery with foreign women while serving in a foreign land. He said: Young Tibetans have more dignity than the Japanese. I hope the Japanese will follow the example of Tibetans. Ding Fan girls will get married in the future, but (Japanese) police often abuse their power to rape them. Ding Fanning would rather risk his life than oppose and stop them. This is my conclusion after some research and investigation. Secondly, Tomomi Yuji also pointed out that the director of the branch of the Fifth Society, who is in charge of the Fifth Society, is a bad inspector and a most annoying person. He not only forced the Gaoshan people into slavery, but also often deducted their wages. You should be given 40 cents a day, but the director of the branch of the fifth society only gave you 20 cents, and the other 20 cents were embezzled. And every day, I stroll in Puli Street, not far from Wushe, bullying and making everyone look askance. Moreover, as a superior officer who can be high (that is, the district head who can be high), he is also a person who has no understanding of the psychological state and customs of the Gaoshan people, and his actions will certainly not be welcomed by the Gaoshan people. For these reviews, even from the perspective of the ruling party, the government is not willing to fully recognize them because of the competition in the parliament. When Song, the colonial minister at that time, answered a question from Tang Di Senator Xing Ping at the plenary session of the House of Lords, he specifically explained that the government had different views on the causes of the Wushe incident. He believes that according to the government's investigation, there are three reasons for the uprising, namely, the first is labor relations; The second is the dispute with the patrolman; Third, Ding Fan, a bad guy, tried to cut off the Japanese head because he fell into self-abandonment, which led to this incident. This kind of labor relationship means that Gaoshan people engage in a lot of unpaid labor. When building the dormitory of Wushe Primary School, the Gaoshan people were asked to change the habit of hauling wood in the past and carry it on their shoulders instead. Part of their wages are still in arrears, which is one of the reasons for the uprising. Secondly, the dispute with the patrolman means that twenty days before the uprising (65438+10.7), a Japanese patrolman Yoshimura was invited to drink by the eldest brother of the clan leader Monaro Road when he was logging through Mahabu Society, which led to disputes and fights, which led Monaro Road and others to be afraid of being executed. Bad Ding Fan's self-abandonment refers to the fact that Pihuo Shatobo, a young man in Hege society, was adopted as an adopted son by people in Wanda society. Later, he broke away from the relationship for some reason, fell into pessimism, became restless day and night, and gave up on himself. More importantly, this young man in the chorus society, Bihe Varis, was killed for resisting Japanese rule, and only he survived because he was next door. Therefore, he often harbors the idea of killing the Japanese at the first opportunity. Song put forward these three reasons for the incident, and tried his best to excuse the director of Wushe Branch and the district head of Kogasawara. The purpose was to reduce the responsibility of the colonial government and avoid more chain reactions that forced those responsible to take the blame and resign because of Wushe Uprising.

Judging from Members' questions and ministers' replies, although many reasons for the outbreak of the Five Societies Uprising were listed, some facts of Japanese police oppressing Gaoshan people were listed. But they dare not and cannot touch the fundamental reason of the uprising, which lies in the irreconcilable contradiction between the colonial rulers and the colonized rulers. Facts have also proved that as long as the Japanese colonialists continue to rule in Taiwan Province Province, this resistance struggle will not stop. Even if the colonists made various repairs to their ruling policies, it would be impossible to obstruct or quell this heroic struggle against aggression and oppression.