Chengdu's humanistic culture

As for the origin of a famous Chengdu, according to Taiping Ji, it is borrowed from the historical process of establishing the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and named Chengdu after Zhou's "living in one year, becoming two years, becoming three years". The pronunciation of the word "Chengdu" in Shu dialect is the capital of Shu. Chengdu means "the last capital of Shu" or "the last capital of Chengdu skyline". During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Meng Changjun, the Emperor of the Later Shu Dynasty, favored hibiscus flowers and ordered the people to plant hibiscus trees on the city walls. When the flowers bloom, Chengdu is called "the city of hibiscus", so Chengdu is also called "the city of hibiscus" for short.

Chengdu has a long history and is known as "Land of Abundance", "South of the Yangtze River in Sichuan" and "Suzhou and Hangzhou in Sichuan". According to historical records, in the middle of the 5th century, the ancient Shu kingdom moved its capital from Fan Xiang (Shuangliu), the capital of Guangdu, to build a city. The Jinsha site unearthed in 200 1 advanced the history of Chengdu from 3 1 1 BC to 6 165438 BC.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu developed economically and culturally. In 3 16 BC, Qin annexed Shu (capital Chengdu) and Pakistan successively. In 106 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established 13 State History Department in China and Yizhou History Department in Chengdu, which was in charge of Ba, Shu, Guanghan and Qianwei. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ada worked as a "Yizhou animal husbandry" and moved to Chengdu from Luojun County, Guanghan County, with Chengdu as the state, county and county. During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu's brocade was very developed, with "Jin Guan", so it was called "Jin Guan Cheng" or "Jin Cheng".

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chengdu was economically developed, culturally prosperous and Buddhism prevailed. Chengdu has become a number of big cities in China (Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yuezhou, Chengdu and Taiyuan), with developed agriculture, silk industry, handicrafts and commerce, rapid development of papermaking and printing, and economic development second only to Yuezhou, the national east gate. "Shu Embroidery" is one of the three famous embroideries in China, and "Shu Brocade" is regarded as a tribute treasure, and its output ranks first in China.

During the Song Dynasty, Chengdu was prosperous. Due to the development of commerce, the world's earliest paper money "Jiaozi" appeared in Chengdu. During the reign of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, a government-run Jiaozi business was established in Yizhou (Chengdu), which was publicly printed by the government and issued "Jiaozi". In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the imperial court set Chengdu as its capital. In the fifth year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1257), the Yuan army captured Chengdu. In the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty, the central government of Yuan Dynasty established "Sichuan Province and other provinces in China" in Chengdu, hereinafter referred to as "Sichuan Province".

In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (137 1), the Ming army defeated the Daxia regime established by Ming Yuzhen and set up the chief secretary of Sichuan Chengxuan in Chengdu, with Chengdu as the capital. Chun Zhu, the 11th son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was named King of Shu, and his palace was in Chengdu, which is now the "imperial city". In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1644), Zhang led the army into Chengdu and became emperor on his own, which was called Chengdu Xijing. Then the Eight Banners of Manchuria entered Sichuan and fought fiercely with Zhang in Chengdu. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), the whole city of Chengdu was burned by war, but it was deserted in the following five or six years. During the reign of Kangxi, the imperial court carried out the immigration of "Huguang filling Sichuan", and Chengdu gradually recovered its vitality, and the provincial capital moved back to Chengdu.

In June of the third year of Qing Dynasty (19 1 1), Chengdu launched a road protection movement. The "Chengdu Bloody Case" triggered by Zhao Erfeng, then Governor of Sichuan, triggered a popular uprising, directly led to the full-scale outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, and made immortal contributions to the bourgeois-democratic revolution in China.

art

Chengdu, known as "Tianfu" in ancient times, is one of the earliest developed areas in southwest China and one of the 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China. Chengdu has a history of more than 2300 years since it was recorded. Chengdu is the financial, commercial, educational center, transportation and communication hub in southwest China determined by the State Council. Chengdu is also a multi-ethnic scattered city, with 55 ethnic minorities besides the Han nationality. The ancient Chengdu Plain was the main ruling area of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period, and Chengdu was the capital of Shu at that time. So now Chengdu people will relish the story of the Three Kingdoms period. In teahouses all over the streets, you can taste authentic Shu tea while listening to storytellers.

Dujiangyan irrigation system

Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project was built in the west of Chengdu Plain, on the Minjiang River in the west of Dujiangyan City, about 56 kilometers away from Chengdu. Dujiangyan, built in 256 BC, was a large-scale water conservancy project led by Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County of Qin State during the Warring States Period. This is the oldest water conservancy project in the world, and it is still benefiting the people of Chengdu. Dujiangyan is mainly composed of Yuzui Fenshui Dike, Sha Fei Weir Spillway and Baojiangkou Water Intake, as well as ancillary works such as Baizhang Dike and Herringbone Dike, which have eliminated floods for people living here and made Chengdu Plain a land of abundance.

Shu embroidery art

Shu embroidery, also known as "Sichuan embroidery", is the general name of various embroideries centered on Chengdu, Sichuan, mainly produced in Chengdu and Mianyang, Sichuan. Shu embroidery, Xiang embroidery, Su embroidery and Yue embroidery are called the four famous embroideries in China. Chengdu has unique natural and geographical conditions, and the production and production of Shu embroidery is "the best in the world". Shu embroidery has a long history, which is recorded in Huayang National Records, a regular channel in Jin Dynasty. Shu embroidery was already very famous at that time. At first, Shu embroidery was mainly popular among the people, distributed in Chengdu Plain and passed down from generation to generation. It was not until the middle of Qing Dynasty that the industry gradually formed. Shu embroidery is all over Chengdu Plain. In the late 1970s, there were almost "sewing workers in every household", with thousands of people. Besides embroidering dozens of varieties such as quilts, pillowcases, shirts, headscarves, towels and tablecloths, they also produce wool embroidery pieces and embroidered screens for foreign trade export.

Jin Shu art

Shu brocade refers to the brocade woven by Shu county from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, that is, Chengdu today. Shu brocade is mostly colored on the basis of vertical stripes, and flowers are added with color stripes, which makes it delicate in texture, prosperous in patterns, elegant in color matching and unique, and becomes a colorful brocade with the most local style and national characteristics. Shu brocade is tough and full in texture, beautiful in design and color, and elegant in color matching. The famous Shu brocade patterns in the Tang Dynasty include plaid flowers, hawksbill flowers, lotus flowers, lotus beads, animals, birds and so on, with rich and colorful styles. Chengdu Shujin, Hangzhou Brocade, Nanjing Yunjin and Suzhou Songjin are also known as the four famous brocade in China. Among them, the weaving process of Shu brocade has a unique warping technology. Until now, the weaving of Shu brocade still uses the traditional beam-colored cooked silk weaving method. At present, there are many varieties and styles of Shu brocade. Common varieties are Fangfang Brocade, Yusi Brocade, San Brocade, Dijin Brocade, Huanhua Brocade, Colorful Brocade and Ethnic Brocade.

Traditional drama

Sichuan Opera has always been a bright pearl in the treasure house of China Opera. It has a long history and still retains many excellent and wonderful traditional plays, as well as rich and full music and superb performing arts. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Sichuan Opera was known as "the best in the world". There are many plays in Sichuan Opera, and it has long been said that "there are three thousand in the Tang Dynasty, eight hundred in the Song Dynasty and countless in the Three Kingdoms". Among them, the famous plays are Legend of the White Snake, Tales of Colorful Buildings, The Tale of the Jade Hairpin, The Story of Liu Yin and so on. The stunts displayed in Sichuan Opera are rich and colorful, such as changing face, lifting feet, opening eyes, hiding knives and breathing fire. Many traditional skills are still amazing.

Chengdu tea ceremony

Chengdu people love to drink tea, so many foreigners will use it to describe it as "there are fewer blue sky above their heads and more teahouses in front of them". "Sitting in a teahouse" has also become a special hobby of Chengdu people, making teahouses of all sizes spread all over the towns of Chengdu. Many teahouses in Chengdu not only have a long history, but also are numerous, most of which have their own unique styles.

poetic sentiment

Hua Jijian is the first collection of words edited by Zhao Chongzuo, a post-Shu person in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in the history of China literature. This book contains the classic works of Wei Zhuang, Wen Deng 18 Huajian poets, which typically and intensively reflects the main artistic orientation, material style, aesthetic taste and artistic achievements of the early literati's ci creation in the history of China's ci.

nation

There are 56 nationalities in Chengdu. The population of Han nationality is the largest (1 1366447). The population of ethnic minorities is 60,538 (mainly scattered in the built-up area of Chengdu, Mi Mou town of qingbaijiang district, Tuanjie town and Hong Guang town of Pixian county, Pengzhou city and Dujiangyan city).

Religious culture

Chengdu is an important birthplace of ancient Shu culture. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the ancient Shu people created a highly developed bronze culture and became an important part of Chinese culture. Chengdu is a famous cultural capital of China, with profound culture. The food culture, leisure culture, tea culture, Taoist culture and Three Kingdoms culture have far-reaching influence on China people.

Traditional drama

Sichuan Opera has always been a bright pearl in the treasure house of China Opera. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Sichuan Opera was known as "the best in the world". Among them, well-known dramas include The Legend of the White Snake, Tales of Colorful Buildings, and The Story of the Jade Hairpin. The stunts displayed in Sichuan Opera are rich and colorful, such as changing face, lifting feet, opening eyes, hiding knives and breathing fire. Many traditional skills are still amazing.

Chengdu tea ceremony

Chengdu people love to drink tea, so many foreigners will use it to describe it as "there are fewer blue sky above their heads and more teahouses in front of them". "Sitting in a teahouse" has also become a special hobby of Chengdu people, making teahouses of all sizes spread all over the towns of Chengdu. Many teahouses in Chengdu not only have a long history, but also are numerous, most of which have their own unique styles.

poetic sentiment

Hua Jijian is the first collection of words edited by Zhao Chongzuo, a post-Shu person in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in the history of China literature. This book contains the classic works of Wei Zhuang, Wen Deng 18 Huajian poets, which typically and intensively reflects the main artistic orientation, material style, aesthetic taste and artistic achievements of the early literati's ci creation in the history of China's ci.

festival

Chengdu Lantern Festival

Chengdu Lantern Festival is a traditional folk activity developed on the basis of Yuanxiao viewing custom. Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, described the grand occasion of the Chengdu Lantern Festival in his poem "Going to the Yuan Dynasty": "The magnificent peak of the winding stadium has thousands of tourists and ladies; Advocating the boiling at noon, the evening lights move. "

From 1962, Chengdu resumed the Spring Festival Lantern Festival, which lasted for one month. During the Lantern Festival, there are folk arts, acrobatics and juggling performances in the park. There are all kinds of local snacks; There is also the burden of casting sugar and selling windmills. Every Lantern Festival has more than one million tourists.

Chengdu Huahui

Chengdu Flower Festival began in the Tang and Song Dynasties and has a history of more than 1000 years. The address of the flower party is Qingyang Palace outside the west gate of Chengdu. At that time, the state-owned and collective flower gardens near Chengdu and the vast number of flower farmers will transport their hard-cultivated precious flowers, potted flowers and bonsai to Qingyang Palace, set up tents, set up stalls and hold exhibitions.