What parts does a solar greenhouse consist of?

The solar greenhouse consists of a back wall, east and west gables, a back slope, a lighting surface, a buffer room, a heat-preservation curtain, a vent and a ceiling.

(1) The back wall and the east and west gables

are made of bricks, stones or rammed earth and grass mud piles. The main function is to support the roof, block the exchange of indoor and outdoor heat, and play a role in heat storage and insulation. During the day, the wall absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat energy, and releases heat at night to warm the greenhouse. There are two types of wall structures, one is simple wall, which is made of a single brick, stone, compacted soil or grass mud pile; The other is composed of multiple materials (brick, soil, stone, cinder, foam board, etc.).

(2) The back slope

is composed of rafters, purlins and rafters. It is paved with straw, grass mud, cinder, messy grass or cement prefabricated board. The main function is to connect the lighting surface, back wall and east-west gables of the front house, keep warm and bear heavy objects such as grass.

(3) The lighting surface

is composed of transparent covering materials and supporting frames (arches, tie rods, columns, etc.). The transparent covering material can be transparent materials such as plastic film, PVC board and glass. The translucent material can not only make visible light, the main part of solar radiation energy, pass through smoothly, but also prevent the long-wave radiation energy released from the ground and air from passing through. In this way, when the sunlight reaches the greenhouse through the transparent substance, it can not only meet the light needs of plant photosynthesis, but also be absorbed by heat absorbers such as field surface, back wall and back slope, so as to warm itself. At night, when the air temperature drops, the heat released by the heat absorbers will warm the greenhouse and keep the greenhouse at a certain temperature level.

(4) Buffer room

Generally, a door is opened on the Dongshan wall or Xishan wall of the solar greenhouse, and a small room is built outside the door, which is the buffer room. Its main function is to prevent cold air from entering the greenhouse directly in winter, resulting in low temperature at the door, and it can also be used as a temporary lounge, changing room or storage room.

(5) Thermal insulation mulch

is to cover the daylighting surface with thermal insulation covering materials such as grass mulch and thermal insulation quilt in order to prevent heat dissipation at night. In the severe cold area in the north, in order to enhance the thermal insulation capacity, the external thermal insulation covering material can be set up in two layers: the first layer is the main covering layer, and grass mats, thermal insulation quilts, etc. are often used; The second layer is the auxiliary covering layer, which is padded between the light-transmitting layer and the main covering layer when in use, and several layers of kraft paper, old plastic film, non-woven fabric and so on are used. After sunrise in the morning, the temperature rises, and the outer covering layer is rolled up and placed on the back slope, so that the sun shines indoors and the greenhouse accumulates heat; In the evening, when the indoor temperature drops to a certain extent, put down the thermal insulation materials to keep warm.

(6) Vents

In order to adjust the temperature, humidity and air in the greenhouse, there are generally vents on the transparent materials on the back wall and lighting surface of the greenhouse. The temperature, humidity and air in the greenhouse can be adjusted by opening and closing the vents to meet the needs of plant growth and development. Vents on the back wall are generally set every 3 meters, with a diameter of about 6 square centimeters, and the vents are 8 ~ 1 centimeters from the ground.

(7) The field surface

is the ground for planting crops in the greenhouse.