India and the Commonwealth

The Commonwealth is an established world organization with a history of more than 70 years. At present, there are 54 members with a population of * * *1700 million.

It evolved from the British Empire, and its course is related to the rise of the national independence movement in the world and the decline of the British Empire.

Failure is closely linked.

In its heyday, the British Empire was called "a behemoth, tall and powerful, dominating the world."

Bureau. "Britain's area is not large, but it goes from Africa to Asia, from Latin America to Oceania.

There are many colonies and territories on a large scale, which constitute a mansion that never sets.

However, with the changes of the times, especially the growing voice of national independence, this building was built in the last 30 years.

A generation began to crack. In desperation, the British government had to replace the original Britain with the Commonwealth.

Empire.

At the "Imperial Conference" held on 19261October 27th, the Dominion strongly demanded to share its achievements with Britain.

All sovereign status are equal, and they have waged a tenacious struggle for this. The meeting was finally approved by the British Council.

The Belfo Report was drafted by the Committee on Internal Relations of the Empire headed by Minister Belfo. The report stipulates that the United Kingdom

Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, which have become autonomous territories from colonies, are "free associations".

"Members of the Commonwealth" have equal status and do not belong to each other in any aspect of internal affairs and diplomacy, but only rely on.

The spirit of loyalty and loyalty of the king of England are unified. The Westminster Act of 193 1 is legally correct.

Recognizing the above principles, the Commonwealth was formally established.

After World War II, the process of world decolonization developed rapidly, and a large number of British colonies and protectorates got rid of it.

British colonial rule. After independence, most members of the British Empire joined the Commonwealth as sovereign countries. pass by

Due to historical reasons, English is the official language of these countries, and there are many differences in immigration composition, cultural background and development path.

Roads and other aspects have left the brand of British colonial rule, most of which are in the country's politics,

The economic and legal system follows the British model. However, the declining Britain cannot completely control it.

Form a Federation. Although the heads of government of Commonwealth member countries hold regular meetings, the results of the meetings are not directed at member countries.

Binding force. So some people say that the links within the Commonwealth are becoming more and more unstable and loose.

Organizations that consult and cooperate with each other politically and economically. At present, most members of the Commonwealth are nationals.

As head of state. In other countries, Queen Elizabeth II is still the head of state (her function is hers).

The demand for abolishing the constitutional monarchy and changing the * * * system is getting louder and louder.

Among the members of the Commonwealth, the disparity between the rich and the poor is extremely obvious. Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand

It belongs to the developed world, and the rest are developing countries, some of which belong to the least developed countries in the world.

Poor countries need financial and technical assistance from rich countries, while rich countries need raw materials, labor and markets from poor countries. get through

In the past, the preferential system of the Commonwealth was actually the most-favored-nation treatment within the Commonwealth. Now this system is working

Cancelled, but mutually beneficial economic relations remain a priority within the Commonwealth. From politics and diplomacy

From a new perspective, Britain needs the Commonwealth as a stage for it to regain its strong power, and so do other members.

I hope to use this stage to enhance my country's international status. Therefore, it can be said that although the cohesion of the Commonwealth has been

Not as good as before, but this organization will continue to exist.

There are several signs that Britain is trying to exert greater influence on the Commonwealth, trying to be within the Commonwealth.

Give full play to its leading role. On the one hand, the Blair government has strengthened its economic support for the poor and backward members of the Commonwealth.

Economic assistance, while reorganizing the internal order of the Commonwealth with British values. Recently, Britain accused it of "trampling on human rights"

Using this as an excuse to encourage the European Union and the United States to impose sanctions on Zimbabwe, a member of the Commonwealth, is an example. In that way

Some analysts believe that the effect of doing so can only be counterproductive. If we really want to reunify the Union,

Come on, I'm afraid we still have to adhere to the principle of "equal status"

The Commonwealth has 53 member countries (May 2004). Including Antigua and Barbuda | Australia | Bahamas | Bangladesh | Barbados | Belize | Botswana | Brunei | Cameroon | Canada | Cyprus | Dominica | Fiji | Gambia | Ghana | Grenada | Guyana | India | Jamaica | Kenya | Kiribati | Lesotho | Malawi | Malaysia | Maldives | Malta | Mauritius | Mozambique | Namibia | Nauru. Papua New Guinea | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Saint Lucia | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Samoa | Seychelles | Sierra Leone | Singapore | Solomon Islands | South Africa | Sri Lanka | Swaziland | Tanzania | Tonga | Trinidad and Tobago | Tuvalu | Uganda | United Kingdom | Vanuatu | Zambia Every year, April 27th is Commonwealth Day. Publications include Commonwealth Trends (bimonthly), Commonwealth Today and Commonwealth Handbook.

The Commonwealth is a combination of Britain and an independent former British colony or dependent country. After World War I, Britain was frightened by the rising colonial national liberation movement and adjusted its relations with other members of the former British Empire. 1926 The Committee on Internal Relations of the British Empire Conference put forward that Britain and Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, which became autonomous countries from colonies, are "members of the Commonwealth in free association" and "have equal status in all aspects of internal affairs and foreign affairs, and are not subordinate to each other, and are United only by the spirit of loyalty to the British king". 193 1 year, the Westminster act legally confirmed this point, and the Commonwealth was formally established. From 65438 to 0947, India and Pakistan declared their independence and joined the Commonwealth. 1949, India became a republic and elected its own head of state. Since then, members of the Commonwealth have evolved from the principle of loyalty to the king of England to "accepting the king of England as a symbol of free association of independent member States", and the king of England is the "head of the Commonwealth".

The Commonwealth has no authority, and Britain and its member States send high commissioners to represent diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level.

The headquarters and permanent institutions of the Commonwealth are located in London, and its organizational bodies are: 1, Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting; Meetings are usually held every two years. It was held in London before 1966, and it was held in member countries in turn from 1966, presided over by the head of the host government. The general principles promulgated by the meeting are not binding on the participating countries without adopting resolutions. 2. Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in the Asia-Pacific Region; 1978 will be held every two years to discuss regional issues of common concern. 3. Commonwealth Ministerial Meeting; Including annual ministerial meetings and irregular meetings. 4. Commonwealth Secretariat; Founded in 1965, it is responsible for consultation and exchange among member States. 5. Commonwealth Foundation; Established in 1966. In addition, there are some professional organizations in the Commonwealth, such as Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, Commonwealth Press Union, Commonwealth Broadcasting Association, Commonwealth Youth Exchange Council, Commonwealth Sports Federation, Commonwealth Art Association and so on. At present, most former British territories and colonies remain in the Commonwealth, except the following areas:

Myanmar (1948 independence)

Ireland was a member state after its independence from Britain. 1949 After the establishment of the Republic of Ireland, it left the Commonwealth.

South Yemen (1967 independence)

Hong Kong returned to China on July 1997, and was the last region to leave the Commonwealth in the 20th century.

In 2002, Zimbabwe was suspended from the association for one year by Britain on the grounds that its rulers despised RQ and cheated in the general election, which led the Zimbabwean government to voluntarily quit the organization in anger.

In February 2003, the 34th Commonwealth Summit was held in Abuja, Nigeria. During the meeting, Zimbabwe officially announced its withdrawal from the Commonwealth. It was decided that the Commonwealth Summit in 2005 and 2007 would be held in Malta and Uganda respectively. In May 2004, the Commonwealth decided to resume Pakistan's membership, which had been suspended for more than four years.