Human planet episode 7 episode 8 1.5G720P version

Soon. At present, Israel has many such plans. Everyone is looking forward to it.

Mars is one of the nine planets in the solar system, ranking fourth from near to far from the sun. China was also called "Fudge" in ancient times.

Because it looks blood red in the night sky, in the west, it is named after Mars, the god of war in Roman mythology (or Ares in Greek mythology). In ancient China, it was called "sparkling" because it shone like a fire. Mars has two small natural satellites: Phobos and Deimos (the name of the son of Ares). Both satellites are small and strangely shaped, which may be asteroids captured by gravity. The first code areo- means Mars in English.

physical features

Because the fiery red and mysterious appearance of Mars always makes people think and attract people. The surface area of Mars is only a quarter of that of the earth, and its mass is only110 of the earth (because of the lack of oceans, the total amount of dry soil on Mars is actually similar to that on the earth).

The atmosphere of Mars is very thin: the surface wind pressure is only 750Pa (about 0.75% of the earth's). The atmosphere on Mars consists of 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1.6% hydrogen and a small amount of oxygen, water vapor, carbon monoxide, neon, krypton and xenon. In 2003, methane was also found in the atmosphere of Mars with ground-based telescopes. In March 2004, the discovery was confirmed by the Mars Odyssey Express. The existence of methane is interesting because it is an unstable gas, and there must be some unknown source on the planet now (or in the last few hundred years). Volcanic eruption, comet impact and the life of alkane-producing organisms in the form of microorganisms may all be their sources. Although there is no evidence at present.

Some people who think that there is life on Mars think that Mars is very important, mainly because percival Lowell observed the Mars Canal with a small telescope. He claimed that the traces on the surface of Mars were obviously artificial canals, and believed that the brightness of some areas changed with the seasons due to the growth of vegetation. Martians in popular Mars science fiction also originated from this. Those surface lines are now known, and most of them don't actually exist. In some cases, they are ancient dry waterways. The color change on the surface of Mars is due to the occurrence of sandstorms on Mars.

In 2000, scholars found that some meteorites from Mars contained some similar microfossil structures, which some people thought might be evidence of life on Mars. But until 2004, neither side had the upper hand.

zone

The northern and southern hemispheres of Mars are in sharp contrast: the northern part is a plain full of lava, and the southern part is an ancient highland that has been hit many times. According to the different albedo, the surface of Mars seen by the earth can be divided into two areas: the plain covered with dust and sand, which was once imagined as a "continent" on Mars because it was rich in red iron oxide, such as Terra Arabia or Amazonis Planitia, while the dark part was once considered as the ocean, hence the names Mare Erythraeum, Mare Sirenum and Aurorae Sinus. The largest dark area visible on the earth is called "big quicksand".

The appearance of Mars is fiery red, and the diameter of Mars is equivalent to the radius of the earth. The volume is only 15% of the earth. The mass is only 1 1% of that of the earth. The surface temperature is 28 degrees Celsius during the day and as low as-132 degrees Celsius at night.

The poles of Mars contain ice water and carbon dioxide polar caps. A Death Shield volcano: Mount Olympus, 27 kilometers high, is the highest mountain in the solar system. It is located in the northwest of Tarsis Highlands. Tarsis Highland contains three large volcanoes, namely AsCreus volcano, Pavonis volcano and Harcia volcano from northeast to southwest, which are almost equidistant on a straight line. The possible reason is that after a volcano is completed, the hot spot suddenly moves, and then another volcano is born in another place, and so on (see Hawaii). The connection between these three volcanoes is almost perpendicular to the connection between Mount Olympus and Mount Pavonis. See the list of Martian mountains. Mars also has the largest canyon landform in the solar system: Valles Marineris or Mars Scar is a 4,000-kilometer-long and 7-kilometer-deep canyon, which is a rift caused by crustal tension. There are also a series of craters on Mars. The largest is Hellas Planitia, covered with red sand. Check out the list of Mars craters.

Martian satellite

Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos. Phobos and Deimos are both locked by Mars and tidal force, so they always face Mars. Because Phobos orbits faster than Mars, tidal force will slowly but steadily reduce its orbital radius. In the future, Phobos will be disintegrated by gravity. On the other hand, Deimos is far enough away from Mars, so its orbit is slowly pushed forward.

These two satellites were discovered by asaph hall in 1877 and named after Phobos and Demos in Greek mythology. Phobos and Deimos were the sons of Mars in ancient Greek mythology.

Mars exploration

13 During the period from 1964 to 1977, the United States * * * launched eight Mars probes, some orbiting Mars and some landing on Mars. A comprehensive investigation was made on Mars, and the ground map of Mars was drawn. The Soviet Union, the United States, Europe and Japan have sent many spacecraft to Mars, including many satellites, landers and rovers, to study the surface, weather and geography of Mars. About two-thirds of the spacecraft going to Mars had problems when their plans were not completed or just started, which led to their mission failure.

Because of the location of Mars and many other reasons, Mars is the planet that human beings know best in space exploration (except the earth).

People think that Mars may have all kinds of life a long time ago.

Transform mars

Some people think that the environment of Mars can be transformed into the appearance of the earth, mainly as an immigrant place for future population explosion. There are several ways:

Adding suitable gases (including greenhouse gases and gases suitable for living organisms) into the atmosphere can increase the surface temperature and pressure, mainly for liquid water, followed by plants and animals.

Set up a huge reflecting (or refracting) mirror group in space to collect sunlight.

A large amount of underground permafrost melts and then brings water to the surface. Although it will freeze at first, with the progress of the project, the ice will melt and form a hydrosphere.

Cultivate dark algae on the ice surface (including the poles) to accelerate melting.

Spread sand-fixing fungi and plants to prevent sandstorms, then generate soil and expand living areas.

When the underground melts, although the weight of the upper frozen soil will squeeze the melted liquid water to the surface, the stratum will sink, the formed ice will increase the albedo of the surface, and the water sublimated into the atmosphere will change the climate. These factors should be taken into account.

But of course, there is another problem, that is, radiation from space. Although mirrors can be used for treatment in space, they are very fragile. The most fundamental way is to go to the core and start the magnetic field of Mars to resist the solar wind and cosmic rays. But this requires a lot of energy and the required technology needs to be strengthened. In addition, the cause of geomagnetism is still unknown.

However, before the construction, human beings should look at everything on this planet completely and carefully, set up protected areas and development restrictions, because as long as the construction starts, it will cause great damage to the long-term preserved geological data, and it will be too late to regret it.

Mars meteorite

The most famous Martian meteorite is the carbonate meteorite with the number ALH8400 1 discovered in Antarctica by the United States. Nasa claims to have found signs of bacterial life on this meteorite.

Horizon: Life on Mars

There is evidence that Mars was once more suitable for the existence of life than it is now, but whether there is life on Mars can not give a definite conclusion. Some researchers believe that a meteorite named ALH8400 1 originated from Mars has evidence of past life activities, but this view is still recognized. Another objection is that because meteorites were born billions of years ago, they have never been at the temperature where liquid water exists for a long time (so there will be no life activities).

Viking (or Viking? Viking probe has done experiments to detect microorganisms that may exist in Martian soil. The experiment was limited to the landing site of the Pirate and gave a positive result, but it was later denied by many scientists. This is an ongoing controversy. Existing biological activities are also one of the explanations for the existence of trace methane in the Martian atmosphere, but people usually agree with other explanations that have nothing to do with life.

In the future, if humans colonize aliens, because of the friendly conditions of Mars (compared with other planets, Mars is most like the Earth), it is likely to be our first choice.

The richest man in the world-Microsoft founder Bill Gates.

Times Business News On the whole earth, for Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, the richest man in the world, nothing seems to attract his attention. In fact, however, according to an insider of Microsoft, Bill Gates is really ready to look beyond the earth-he is actually going to buy Mars.

A spokesman in charge of sales of Microsoft revealed that the wealthy businessman who started the world computer revolution with Windows operating system will move from cyberspace to outer space. He (Bill Gates) thinks this is the logical next step.

Steps. We invented machines and developed cyberspace. Now, we should go back to space and make further exploration. He said that he is also going to develop some private spaces belonging to him on Mars, including building holiday villas and opening up private skies. He said that in the near future, Mars will definitely be habitable, because the latest news has confirmed that there are signs of life on Mars. "

The spokesman said that at present, Microsoft has hired some legal experts to start drafting the Mars proprietary software certificate.

Although Bill Gates has applied to the relevant departments of the United Nations for the purchase of Mars, because the development and use right of this currently uninhabitable planet belongs to the United Nations Association for Science and Technology, Bill Gates cannot successfully acquire this planet even if he spends more money. In addition, Holzi Santega, an international house decoration chain tycoon, and another anonymous businessman from Springfield, Ohio, USA, also planned to buy this planet, but their purchase wish did not come true.

Einar Fredricksen, president of the United Nations Association for Technology, said: "Although it is impossible to sell Mars to Gates, we can quite guarantee that he can travel and spend his holidays on this planet. Microsoft personnel seem to be studying a new version of Windows to match their future travel to Mars. "