What is the history of Cuanxia Village?

Cuanxia Village is located in Zhaitang Town, Mentougou District, the western suburb of Beijing, and was called Cuanxia Village in ancient times. It got its name from the Ming Dynasty's "Jiliankou" (locally called Jitou). Located in the middle of the narrow valley in the northwest of Zhaitang in the west of Beijing, it belonged to the eighth district of wanping county before liberation and is now under the jurisdiction of Zhaitang Town. It is 90 kilometers away from Beijing, 650 meters above sea level, and the village area is 5.3 square kilometers. Qingshuihe river basin belongs to temperate monsoon climate, with annual average temperature 10. 1℃, and good natural vegetation, which is suitable for raising sheep and keeping bees. Below Kuanduo is the national A-level scenic spot.

The full name of the people (head of household and children) in the village is Han. According to legend, it was immigrated from Sophora japonica in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty. The original village site is in the old grave in the northwest of the village. Later, due to flash floods,

Destroy the whole village. Only a few young men and women survived when they went out. In order to continue the descendants of the Han nationality, the two married through an intermediary and set up a village at their current address. After marriage, they gave birth to three sons, namely Han Fujin, Han Yinfu and Han Fucang. three

There are three sub-doors, namely: East Gate, Middle Gate and West Gate. Starting with the word "Fu", there are 20 generations in turn: Jinna Zishou, Ming Wan Honghu, Yi Xiaoju Huaimeng, Yong Guangmao Lianwen. Up to now, it has developed to 17 generation, Mao and Zi generation.

Some people also say that it is because the villagers have made up a jingle: Xing prefix, Lin prefix, waist, big characters under fire, big fire burning forest burning Xing, isn't it very hot? So the surname is Han, which is homophonic.

There are 93 people in 29 households, 280 mu of land, 74 courtyards and 689 houses in the village. Most of them are quadrangles and ternary houses built in the late Qing Dynasty (a few were built in the Republic of China). Built on the mountain, it is strewn at random according to the situation, with the faucet behind the village as the center and the north-south axis as the two sides in a fan-shaped exhibition. The upper and lower villages are separated by an arc wall with a length of 200 meters and the highest point of 20 meters. The distance between the villages is 170 meters.

Surrounded by the arched wall of the village, the whole village is inseparable and the gods gather. The three passages are used for going up and down, which has the function of preventing floods and bandits.

Cuanxia is a national 3A-level scenic spot, a municipal civilized unit and a municipal folk tourism village. In 2003, Kuanduo Gorge was awarded the first batch of famous Chinese historical and cultural villages and district-level revolutionary traditional education bases by the Ministry of Construction and National Cultural Heritage Administration. Mr. Shirley, a famous expert, said: Cuanxia Ancient Village is a pearl among the ancient architectural treasures of China, which contains profound cultural connotations of northern architecture. As far as its historical, cultural and artistic value is concerned, it is precious not only in Beijing, but also in the whole country, and it has made great contributions to the world.

Village name

Cuandi

There are thirty strokes of "Cuan" under the desk, which are pronounced with Cuan sound. In order to facilitate memory, we can take them apart and say: Xing prefix, Lin waist, and Chinese characters bottom, set fire to the forest, and the more it burns, the more prosperous it will be. Isn't it very hot? Everyone under the table is surnamed Han. Just take it.

Homophonic (cold) means cold, and cold and heat in the five elements can complement each other. Everything in the universe has a day and a place, and every day and a month, men must have women. Where there is cold, there must be heat. So Cuanxia Village was once brilliant in history.

The word "Cuan" is literally interpreted as: home, if you don't leave, you will never leave. Application: stove, cooking with fire. For example: surname, there is a village in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province with more than 1000 people.

They are all surnamed Si. This word is difficult to write and recognize. If you can write, it will become a book. If you can't write it, it will become a piece. So the homophonic word "Chuan" is used instead, but it still sounds like a book. It was first established in 1942 to facilitate the exchange of anti-Japanese cadres, especially those from other places.

Department, the word "Cuan" was changed to "Chuan", and the word "Cuan" was basically not used until the end of the 1950s. 1995 After the tourism development, the word "Cuan" was brought into full play.

Siheyuan; siheyuan;?quadrangle?dwellings

Compared with the quadrangles in Beijing, the quadrangles under mattresses have similarities and differences.

The Vision of Cuanxia Village

How big the main building is, how big the wing is, where the gatehouse is opened, and where the central axis is, all depend on the norms of Feng Shui. Zuo Qinglong, right white tiger, former Suzaku and later Xuanwu have the same architectural ideas. In the process, we also pay attention to dry grinding and fine pendulum, brick grinding and seam grinding. The difference is that the east and west wing rooms are indented to the center of the courtyard, which reduces the floor space. Secondly, in the courtyard, three five-purlin halls were built on the central axis of the inner house and the outer house instead of hanging flower gates to improve the land utilization rate. Open the second door on the east side of the hall, which is in the southeast corner of the front yard. Rainwater is discharged from the hole on the left side of the gate.

Most of the main rooms and inverted rooms of quadrangles under mattresses are four beams and eight columns.

The wing is three beams and six columns. The four corners of the wall are hard, and the roof is double-sloping, with hard mountains and clear water ridges. The two ends of the roof end with scorpion tail, and under the scorpion tail, flower board, tile board or wooden board and brick wall skirt are placed. There are many kinds of window lattice for doors and windows: I-shaped brocade and lamps.

Cage brocade, large squares, tortoise back brocade, all over the sky, three arrows on a horse, oblique characters. The foundation is stone, and there are windward cover plates under the wall legs on both sides of the house. Stone carving patterns are varied but not identical, including large squares, diagonal squares and water.

Wavy or floral auspicious words, etc.

screen wall

Under the blanket, the Nanshan wall in the east wing of the front yard of the quadrangle and the Nanshan wall in the east wing of the backyard build a mountain shadow wall. There is a hat above, a heart in the middle and a seat below.

Cuanxia village

Points. The hat is carved with peach blossom, swastika, tile or tiger's head, or the word "Fu". The fake rafters are made of bricks, round or square, and carved with plum blossoms to take the meaning of tout va bien. Four seasons flowers are engraved on the outer corner of the heart, and clouds are engraved on the inner corner.

The word "Hongxi" or "Fu" is inlaid or carved in the center. The word "Fu" looks like a bat at the top left, with a sika deer head at the bottom and a birthday girl on the right, which means happiness, auspiciousness and longevity. There are even plum blossoms on the characters of blessing, blessing and longevity.

Its five-petal plum blossom shows Five Blessingg, which is really wonderful. Exquisite materials and exquisite craftsmanship decorate the colorful screen wall. Its main function is to show wealth, spectacular prospects, ward off evil spirits and welcome good luck.

Arch over the gate

Most of the wide gatehouses were built in the southeast corner of quadrangles, which moved eastward along the central axis and made a windfall. At the same time, it also conforms to the Feng Shui thoughts of Zuo Qinglong and You Baihu. The quadrangle gatehouse built in the south of the street is built in the northwest corner. Most gatehouses are house-style, with hills resting and ridges rising, slate or wooden monitoring boards, and ridges.

Construction of Cuanxia Village

two

Pick up the scorpion's tail, put a flower tray under it, grind bricks and sew the four corners hard, with a front door cover and a back door cover, or carve lotus peony on hardwood, or install window lattice cards, and there are round or polygonal doornails above the threshold, engraved with auspicious words.

There is a doormat stone under the threshold, and a stone pier stands outside, engraved with auspicious words, flowers and auspicious animals. The door is equipped with brass or iron cymbals, with knockers and ruthenium hoops. The four corners of the gatehouse have windward cover plates with eaves on them, which are magnificent.

Overall Excellence

In most rural areas in the north, the houses of landlords and rich people are particularly good, while the houses of poor peasants and middle peasants are very poor, which forms a great contrast. Cuoxia Village had a great glory in history, especially in the late Qing Dynasty. There were eight famous families in the west of Beijing, with many rich people and few people without money, so every family built quadrangles and three hospitals with blue bricks and gray tiles, which was excellent as a whole.

Staggered height

Cuanxia Village faces south, built on a gentle slope, rising layer by layer and built on a mountain, so that every household has the best lighting, ventilation and viewing view according to the situation, which fully embodies the perfect combination of people and buildings, buildings and the environment.

Clever conception

Most of the streets and hutongs under the mountain are made of bluestone.

Limestone and purple slate paves the road with solid and beautiful texture. After the rain, all kinds of stone slabs reflect charming colors. The yard is paved with square bricks, which is not hot in summer, not cold in winter, not slippery when walking, and can also adjust the humidity in the yard. Building land underground.

The cellar is used to store vegetables and fruits. Because the temperature can be adjusted through air holes and cellar covers, robes and potatoes can be stored for several months. There are six caves on the ground, with a round hole in the center outside, and six caves in autumn, with equal distance and symmetry.

Six-pronged wooden stakes are erected inside, and Beijing-based buses are set up to bask in grain, so that the people can be lowered. It is convenient and beautiful to dry grain under the shed and pull out wooden stakes, which can be described as ingenious.

Cultural relics

Ruins of old villages in Ming dynasty, houses in Qing dynasty, murals, good news, houses burned by Japanese troops during World War II.

Cuanxia village

Ruins, sites of anti-Japanese outposts, slogans in the 1950s, slogans in the 1960s, slogans in the 1970s, ancient mills, ancient mills, ancient wells and ancient temples make people feel the history, Cang Sang, and wandering among them, just like tasting old wine.

Gaoguanguan village

During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, there were more than 500 households in the whole village 108. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, seventy or eighty young people joined the army, participated in politics and participated in the war. Eighty percent of the peasants are military families, cadres and martyrs. Thirty-four martyrs died for their country and four were disabled. After liberation, dozens of people became officials abroad, and only nearly 20 were at the bureau level.

A place with excellent feng shui

The people pay attention to farming and reading, but also to feng shui. The environment around the village is in harmony with the theory of geomantic omen. In the long history, working people have summed up and accumulated profound geomantic omen theory in order to pray for rich production achievements and comfortable living conditions, and formed different schools. These principles

Cuanxia village

Theoretically, no matter which genre influences, guides and regulates people's production and life to a greater or lesser extent. At the same time, no matter which school is inseparable from the seven elements of Feng Shui theory: Zuo Qinglong, Right White Tiger, Former Suzaku, Later Xuanwu, Wind, Water and Yingan. Only some pay attention to "situation", and some pay attention to "managing qi".

On the left side of Cuanxia Village are Neiqinglongshan, Dongpo Beam, Waiqinglongshan and Jiaoyu Dongpo Beam. These two Qinglong Mountains are magnificent and winding. What is remarkable is that Neiqinglongshan rises three groups of hills in the ups and downs, which are quite like three auspicious animals. That is: crouching tiger, hiding dragon, lying on the side of his head, looking at the king of the village, the tiger beast, is Lu. Tortoise, tortoise whistling in the sky, tortoise whistling in the sky, in order to live. Bats send blessings and fly in the air. Bats are blessings. Fu Lushou stars shine on the ancient village.

On the right side of Cuanxia Village are Neibaihu Mountain, Lengzi on the north slope, Waibaihu Mountain and Taibei Slope in White. These two white tiger mountains went down with the trend, but they didn't rise sharply, especially the inner white tiger mountain, which fell to the end and was extremely tame. The one who holds his head high is Zuo Qinglong, and the one who bows his head is the right white tiger.

Two Qinglong Mountains and two White Tiger Mountains meet on the east slope of Baiyutai, and the top of the beam is Zushan, that is, Xuanwu. It stretched out its arms and held it in the arms under the blanket, which made the village avoid the cold in the west and passively embraced the sun. Surprisingly, there is a mountain ridge hanging on the left side of Zushan Mountain, which is red sandstone and all loess, and it rises slightly to form a round mountain bag. Hongshaling is the dragon ridge, terraces on both sides are the dragon forest, loess is the dragon neck, and the mountain bag is the leader. But under the tap is the Tang Ming of the village, and the village spreads on both sides with Tang Ming as the axis. The combination of village and faucet, faucet and Zushan is so clever, so affectionate and so clever.

Cuanxia village

Zhuque Mountain is the southern slope beam opposite to Cuanxia Village. It hangs from Bijia Mountain in the southwest to the southeast, passes through the village smoothly, and then suddenly leans to the left in front of the village, confronting Qinglong Mountain and surrounding the village, forming a solid outlet of the sluice. Rosefinch is like a bird, like a dance, and it is auspicious. The beams on the south slope are flat and spectacular, with no fangs, and the jungle is lush, full of green. Although the top of the mountain in the east is slightly lower, there is a row of cypress trees proudly connected to the mountain and dancing enthusiastically.

Behind the south slope beam in front of the village, there is a mountain peak, flat and sharp like a writing brush, but it can only be seen outside the village. It is said that the pen is outward, which is Chongwen. You have to be educated to be an official. Therefore, the pen is outward, which has given birth to many senior officials who work in various parts of the country. It can be said that the top of the pen is like a forest of officials.

"Wind" and "water" are also extremely important in Feng Shui theory. Without wind, there will be no flowers, without wind and rain, there will be no flowers, and the air will be in a daze without wind. Strong winds, strong winds, cold winds and strong winds are not good, but spring winds, breezes and breezes are good. The mountain below can resist the strong wind in the northwest and enjoy the breeze. Water is the source of all things. Yaodi Village is located in the middle and lower part of the northwest ditch of Zhaitang, which is 0/0 km away from Huangcaoliang/Kloc-in White, and belongs to incoming water. "The dry side comes to the water, the Tianmen is open, the flow source is long, and the financial resources are abundant." It is only 6 kilometers away from the national highway to get out of the water. "As soon as the water comes out, every local household will be inexhaustible." In the northwest of the village, there is spring water in Mahuaergou on the left, river water in Huangcaoliang in the middle and spring water in Cuba Valley on the right. Sanshui (which existed a long time ago and dried up in recent decades) gathered from the northwest, headed east to Nanpogen, and then turned southeast. Just around an arc-shaped village, "the mountains are covered with water, and there must be gas." There are two wells (longan) opposite the faucet in front of the village. The water in the crown enriches the village, nourishes the people and enriches everything. Water can gather gas, water can gather wealth, and water can ward off evil spirits and attract wealth.

One kilometer in the village, South Lake 100 meters (at first glance) is like a horn, powerful enough to suck the purple air and breeze from the east into the house. Half a kilometer below the village, a beam hangs from Bifeng Mountain (the door is inserted into the ridge) and inserted into the depression of Dongshan Mountain, locking the God of Wealth at home.

Cuanxia village

In mountainous areas, villages surrounded by mountains abound. This element of geomantic omen is excellent in all aspects, which is really rare, amazing everywhere, and the land of geomantic omen deserves its reputation. No matter how superstitious the geomantic omen theory is, people in Ganxia Village are enjoying its prosperity in a beautiful natural environment. The villagers are exquisite in appearance, hardworking and intelligent, seeking wealth at home, and have a wide range of financial resources. Famous in Jingxi, Hebei and Changhong.

At the top of Dongshan Mountain, there are three gods, and Fu Lu Shou Xing shines on the ancient village. Backed by the faucet, the pen peak is like a forest.

The top is filled with purple gas and the bottom is locked with a door. The glory of the past has been blowing in the wind, and it is spring at the turn of the century.

4 residential characteristics editor

Civilian residence

Cuanxia village

Located on the gentle slope on the north side of the valley, facing south, it covers an area of about 1 hectare, with 74 courtyards and 689 rooms. A street divides the village into upper and lower parts. Folk houses extend downward in a fan shape with the mountain bag in the north of the village as the axis. Ancient dwellings

The quadrangle in Qing Dynasty was the main body, which was basically surrounded by the main room, the inverted seat and the left and right wing rooms, and some of them were equipped with wing rooms and houses. Mainly divided into mountain quadrangles, double-store quadrangles and shop quadrangles. The affiliated buildings of quadrangles mainly include

Screen wall outside the door, screen wall inside the door, gatehouse, horse-tied pile, horse-mounted stone, Beijing-Pakistan shed, etc. Residential decoration includes brick carving, stone carving, wood carving, calligraphy and painting, such as magpie, bat, peony, lotus, lotus and so on. And the main part of the decoration is concentrated on the construction.

Roof, cornice, wall leg, pier, door and window, door nail, door cover, wall and screen wall. Restricted by family status and economic conditions, the location, content and exquisiteness of decoration are different. Temple builder

There should be Guandi Temple, Niangniang Temple and Wudao Temple.

The Guangliang Garden, which the villagers call "upstairs", is the highest-lying house and the central axis of the bottom of Sichuan. Built in the early Qing Dynasty, it was renovated to varying degrees in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The hospital is about 5 meters high in the north and low in the south. south

The courtyard is divided into east, middle and west roads, that is, three relatively independent courtyards, forming a 45-room courtyard with a wall outside. Only the front yard of East Road, the front yard of Middle Road and the wall or foundation of West Hall are left, among which

The main body of his building is intact.