The history of Daur nationality The origin of Daur nationality

The history of Daur nationality can be traced back to11-12nd century. When Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, Daur ancestors lived in the northwest of Daxinganling. However, the Daur nationality was formed in the Ming Dynasty, and only from the historical materials of this period can we accurately record the activities of the Daur nationality.

In Ming Dynasty, Daur people mainly lived in the north bank of Heilongjiang. There is abundant water and fertile land here. They manage agriculture, grow wheat, graze, hunt in the forest and exchange daily necessities with their neighbors. At that time, the Daur organization was "Hara". "Hala" is a descendant of the same ancestor. Later, "Mokun" was different from "Hala", and "Mokun" was a branch of Hala. At this time, the clan nobles appeared.

Nurhachi unified the ministries of Jurchen; After the establishment of the Kim regime. According to Records of Taizong, Volumes 18 and 44, Daur, Ewenki and Oroqen were all part of the late Jin Dynasty.

The national totem pole stands in the center of the East Square of the Daur National Park in Molidawa.

During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Daur people cooperated with the Qing army to resist Russian aggression. It restored the stability of the Heilongjiang river basin. The Qing government gradually moved the Daur nationality to Nenjiang River Basin and its tributaries. According to the military needs, the original Daur Hala and Mokun tribal organizations were compiled into flags and helpers, and adjusted, so that Daur flags and helpers were stationed in Buta, Tuanhui, Mohegan, Qiqihar, Hulunbeier, Hulan, Yili, Tacheng and other places to guard the border cards. The Daur nationality accelerated the process of feudalism through the flag support system.

1840 After the Opium War, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the Daur people were also oppressed by imperialism and feudalism. The immigration reclamation policy in the late Qing dynasty led to the occupation of a large number of Daur land. Some Daur people became employees.

193 1 year, Japanese imperialism invaded China and the northeast fell. The Daur people were oppressed and rebelled against the invaders. In Nenjiang, Nehe and Moridawa areas where the anti-Japanese allied forces were active, the Daur people actively supported the anti-Japanese allied forces, provided food for the troops, covered the wounded and helped the anti-Japanese allied forces cross the Nenjiang River. 1945 After the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, 1947 In May, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was officially declared to be established, realizing ethnic equality.

Especially in June, 5438+August, 0958, and May, 65438, Morita and Hotan Daur Autonomous Banner were established in areas where Daur people were concentrated. Since then, the Daur people have shared the same fate with 55 fraternal peoples and enjoyed equal status with the Han nationality with a population of more than one billion in the big family of the motherland. China's socialist system and the policy of regional ethnic autonomy have laid a solid foundation for the social progress and development of the Daur people.

The Daur nationality is called the origin of the nation.

"Daur nationality" is a self-proclaimed name of Daur nationality, and there is no definite answer so far. According to the self-proclaimed transliteration of Daur people, there are many kinds of Chinese transliteration, such as Daur, Dahal, Huda, Dagudao and Dahal. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it was finally named Daur by the state and became a fixed national name.

There are three views on the origin of Daur nationality:

The descendants of Qidan said. Guo Kexing, a Daur scholar, pointed out in A Brief History of Daur: "Daur was once a nation worthy of celebration, and its voice was Tahulu, which was handed down by the Qidan nobles." The Daur nationality is considered as a continuation of the Khitan Dahe family in Liao Dynasty. Its basis is that the name "Daur" comes from "Dahe family" and is reflected in Liao History and Notes on Three History of Liao, Jin and Yuan. Gan Long, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, also claimed that Daur was a transliteration of the great river in his book The Eight Banners Surname. '

The records of the Republic of China from 0755 to 79000 also expressed the view that after the demise of the Liao Dynasty, some Khitans living in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang were the ancestors of Daur people. This theory also applies to Heilongjiang annals, Heishui's biography of his ancestors, Hulunbeier annals and Hulan County annals. Khitan history experts said that the professor discussed the origin of Daur nationality from legends, geography, historical sites, language, customs and religion.

The secretary of the Mongolian branch said. Because Daur language and Mongolian belong to Altai Mongolian language family, there are many identical and similar components, so some people think that Daur language is a branch of Mongolian language. According to the Mongolian vocabulary of13rd century recorded in the book Records of Three Provinces of Manchuria. This word no longer exists in modern Mongolian, but it still exists in Daur.

After the Revolution of 1911, some Daur people participated in various political activities and appeared as Mongolians or Mongolian branches, which made the view that Daur was a Mongolian branch very popular. The book "The Secret History of Mongolia" written by Guo and Guo Daofu of Daur nationality has an important influence on the spread of the argument that Daur nationality is a branch of Mongolia.

The aborigines said. The indigenous people believe that the Daur nationality in the Qilihe River valley of Heilongjiang and Beijing was originally distributed in the Shiweibu area in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, when some tribes had paid tribute to the Central Plains dynasty. Later Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties exercised jurisdiction in these areas. In the Ming Dynasty, the Daur people established the Tomu River and the Brudin River in the old residential area north of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the Daur people should be the descendants of the indigenous people in northern Heilongjiang, and have deep roots with some tribes in Sui, Tang and Shiwei periods. Some people think that the origin of Daur nationality is related to some tribes of Heishui tribe in Sui and Tang Dynasties. It is said that their ancestors established the "Black Water Country".