Why are there so few Indo-European hybrids in Argentina?

Argentina is mostly descended from Europe, Spain, Italy and other southern European countries. During and after World War II, many Germans moved to Argentina (Manchester United's Heinze is a common German surname), so whites in Argentina account for 97% of the total population, and gauchos accounts for the vast majority of colored people in Argentina. It is also said that gauchos is classified as white, because gauchos is actually a hybrid of Latino white and former South American Indians, with more complicated pedigree. Later, gauchos was often used to refer to Argentines.

America has a resident population of 725 million, accounting for 13.7% of the world's total population. The earliest indigenous people in America are Indians, Eskimos (self-proclaimed Inuit) and Aleutians, all of which belong to Mongolian Indian (American) type and Arctic type. That is to say, the racial background of primitive peoples in the United States is still relatively simple.

Since the European colonial forces began to invade America at the end of 15, many Indians have been killed and the population has decreased sharply. With the influx of immigrants, the racial and cultural composition of the American population has undergone tremendous changes. First Europeans moved in one after another, and then a large number of African slaves were sold here. /kloc-After the 0/9th century, indentured laborers from many Asian countries were recruited and entered the Americas to develop their economies. In this way, the American continent gradually gathered immigrants from all continents, including members of three major races and different nationalities. After long-term exchanges and integration, a modern emerging nation based on today's American countries has finally formed.

Theoretically speaking, the formation mode of emerging nations in America is different from that of traditional nations in other continents (blood tribe-tribal alliance-indigenous peoples). Mainly in the new geographical area (such as modern nation-state) and under the new historical conditions, it is formed by the long-term aggregation of local ethnic elements in various continents. Generally, it is a minor ethnic form, and it is still absorbing immigrants, which is quite inclusive.

According to rough statistics, the indigenous population in the United States today accounts for less than 20% of the total population. Therefore, in a sense, the composition of the modern American nation has actually formed a trend dominated by immigrants. This is a feature that distinguishes America from other continents.

The racial background of the American people today is composed of three major races, which can be divided into five types:

1. Indians (including Eskimos and Aleutians):

This group is usually regarded as the indigenous people of America, but the "indigenous people" here are relative, not real "indigenous people", and in the final analysis, they are only early immigrants. It is generally believed that the ancestors of Indians entered America in batches from Northeast Asia about 20,000 to 30,000 years ago (some say 35,000 years ago), and gradually migrated and spread to all parts of the mainland.

When Columbus first sailed to America at the end of 15, he mistakenly thought that he had arrived in Asia, so he called the local residents he met "Indians". Later translators in China probably transliterated them as "Indians" to distinguish them from real Indians, and they have been in use ever since. Indians are used to calling them red people, which is actually a misunderstanding of Europeans. In fact, Indians originally belonged to Mongolian race, and their skin was dark yellow and brown. It is only because some tribes are used to painting on their bodies and decorating their faces with red mineral powder pigments that Europeans who have just arrived in the New World have an illusion.

In fact, the concept of "Indian" is very general, and its internal ethnic groups are complex and diverse, and there are many languages. According to ethnology, they belong to different types of yellow people and have different cultural backgrounds. According to the research of American scholars, the origins of Indian ancestors in Asia are different. They may come from Siberia, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, China and the Philippines. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have been discussing the problem of ancient China people's eastward crossing to America.

Before Europeans began to invade America on a large scale in the15th century, the total population of American Indians was estimated to be around 30 million to 40 million, and their culture developed independently in isolation from other continents. The economic and social development levels of various branches of Indians are different, and most of them are still in different stages of primitive society. The Aztecs in the Mexican Plateau, the Mayans in Yucatan Peninsula and the Incas in the Andes, with the highest level of civilization, created an exemplary ancient Indian civilization, and at that time, early slave state organizations had emerged. Ancient Indian civilization has a prominent position in the history of world culture. It has left a unique and rich legacy in agriculture, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, calendar, writing, medicine, art and other fields. Unfortunately, many of its achievements have been artificially destroyed.

After Europeans invaded America, Indians were arbitrarily driven and slaughtered, and diseases introduced by Europeans caused a large number of deaths. According to incomplete statistics, before 150 years, the United States lost about160 thousand people. The Indians in the West Indies are almost extinct, and the population in other areas has also decreased to varying degrees. So far, the distribution of Indians also involves 22 countries and regions in America. Countries with relatively large populations include Mexico, Bolivia, Peru, Guatemala, Ecuador and the United States, and most of them are in minority status except a few countries.

Eskimos (in the local Indian dialect, meaning "raw meat eaters") live in cold areas inside and outside the Arctic Circle in Canada, Alaska and Greenland in North America, and a small number of people live in Russia across the Bering Strait. Aleutians live in the Aleutian Islands in western Alaska.

2. White people:

Mainly European immigrants and their descendants. Strictly speaking, Europeans did not enter America from Columbus' voyage at the end of 15. According to the available data, it can be concluded that as early as the Viking era of 10 ~ 165438 at the turn of the 20th century, a small number of Norwegians migrated from Iceland to settle in Greenland in the northeast of North America, and their descendants probably remained extinct until15th century. Viking era refers to a turbulent period in European history, from the 8th century to 1 1 century. The Nordic people, who were still in the stage of military democracy in the late primitive society, were invaded by pirates on the European continent. Many people later settled in the coastal or inland areas of Britain, Ireland, Iceland, France, Russia and other places, and a few even reached the northeast of America, which objectively promoted the cultural exchange, regional development and national integration between northern Europe and Europe in the Middle Ages. In the Middle Ages, people had relatively little contact and information was ineffective, which was unknown to outsiders for a long time and had little influence. Only in the era of geographical discovery in 15 and 16 centuries did Columbus and his successors' voyage to America have a far-reaching worldwide impact.

At first, the European immigrants who came to America were mainly Spanish and Portuguese. They moved to all parts of Latin America and established colonies one after another. Later, French, Dutch, British and Danes moved to North America and established their own colonies. The earliest Europeans were still confined to the colonial sovereign state. For example, only Spaniards were allowed to settle in Spanish colonies; Until the restrictions were relaxed, immigrants from various countries poured in, including members of almost all ethnic groups in Europe. However, due to historical and cultural reasons, most of the British and French moved to North America, most of the Spanish moved to Latin America, and the Portuguese moved to Brazil. After hundreds of years of development, British immigrants have formed the backbone of the American and Canadian (British-born) nations we see today; French immigrants form the backbone of the Canadian (French) nation. Spanish immigrants participated in the formation of most emerging ethnic groups in Latin America (former America), while Portuguese immigrants participated in the formation of Brazilian ethnic groups.

At present, countries and nationalities with a large proportion of white population are: the United States, Canada, Argentina, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Cuba and so on.

3. Black people:

16 ~/kloc-descendants of slaves plundered from Africa to America by European colonists in the 0/9th century, most of whom came from West Africa. The slave trade in the modern world developed with the great discovery of geography. Due to the long-term contact and communication with members of other races, the physical characteristics of black Americans have changed, and their skin color is slightly lighter than that of black Africans. Nowadays, blacks are widely distributed in America, almost in all countries, but they account for a large proportion of the local population, mainly in countries of the West Indies, such as Haiti, Grenada, Barbados, Jamaica, Bahamas and other countries, which have reached more than 80% of the domestic population and become the backbone of emerging ethnic groups in these countries. The countries with the largest absolute number of blacks are Brazil, the United States, Cuba and Venezuela.

4. Half-blood:

In the early colonial era, when European immigrants first entered the United States, it was very common for white men to combine with local Indian women because of the disparity in gender ratio. After a large number of black slaves were transported to the United States, there was more communication between races. Due to this special social and historical situation, a large number of mixed-race children have appeared in the United States, accounting for about 47% of the total population of the United States, and they are one of the important components of the modern American nation. Mixed-race children in the United States are mainly divided into three categories:

(1) Indo-European hybrids:

Most Spanish-speaking Latin American countries call it "half-blood". Indo-European hybrids have different names in different countries according to the degree of hybrids, such as Gaucho in Argentina, Ladino and Castico in El Salvador, Kabo Claude, Curiboka and Ma Melucco in Brazil and so on. Indo-European hybrids are particularly rich in Central America and become the main part of the population of all countries. Latin American countries with a high proportion include Mexico (90%), El Salvador (89%), Honduras (86%), Nicaragua (69%), Panama (65%) and Paraguay (95%). In addition, Indians and Indo-European hybrids also account for the total in Peru.

(2) mulatto:

That is, the mixed-race group of blacks and whites, commonly known as "Murato". According to the degree of mixed blood, mulatto is also called "Morisco" and "albino". Mainly distributed in Brazil, Panama and West Indies countries. In fact, there are many in the United States, but according to the habit, they are often classified as black groups, not as mixed-race groups alone.

(3) Black Indians:

That is, the mixed-race group of Indians and blacks, commonly known as the "three treasures." Black Indians are called "Cafzo" and "Yagonso" in Brazil. This group is relatively small and mainly lives in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil.

The prevalence and large number of mixed-race children is a remarkable feature of the American nation.

5. Asian immigrants:

This refers to a large number of indentured laborers and their descendants recruited by American countries in various parts of Asia for economic development since the19th century. They come from different nationalities and countries in Asia, and their ethnic backgrounds are not single. They are China, Japanese, Mongolians, Indonesians and Europeans. These Asian immigrants are mainly distributed in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Panama, Cuba and Peru; Japanese in Brazil, Peru, the United States and other places; Indonesians in Suriname; Indians are in Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago and other places.

After living in the United States for a long time, these Asian contract workers not only merged with members of other local ethnic groups, but also retained their own cultural characteristics to a certain extent, making important contributions to the economic development and political life of the host country. For example, China people participated in the feat of building the US-Canada railway across the Pacific-Atlantic Ocean and digging the Panama Canal, and also participated in Cuba's war of independence against Spanish colonial rule. Japanese immigrants have also played an extraordinary role in Brazil's agricultural development and industrial construction. In Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname and other countries, Indians and Indonesians still account for a considerable proportion of the population.

Latin America is a general term for all countries in South America and Mexico in North America, including Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. There are 33 independent countries in the whole continent, and another 12 areas are still in a colonial state, covering an area of 20.72 million square kilometers, accounting for 14% of the world's land area, with a population of 433 million.

Since the15th century, most countries in this region have been colonized by Spain and Portugal, and immigrants flocked to them. /kloc-After the 0/9th century, these countries gained their independence. Due to more than 300 years of colonial rule, these countries are deeply influenced by the social systems, customs, religious beliefs and cultural traditions of Spain and Portugal. At present, except Portuguese in Brazil and French in Haiti, almost all countries in this region use Spanish as their national language. French and Portuguese belong to the Romance family of Indo-European languages. Romance is the language of the Roman Empire, and the suburbs of ancient Rome that use this language are called latirm, so the Romance family is also called Latin family. Therefore, this vast land with Latin as the national language is called "Latin America". Although the official language of some small countries in Central America is English or French, they also belong to Latin America geographically.

Latin America is mainly indo-European hybrids, hybrids and whites, followed by Indians and blacks. Latin American hybrids have a particularly good figure because they combine the characteristics of white, yellow and black people.