The Last King of Stuart Dynasty in England: Queen Anne

Queen Anne of Great Britain (1 February 6, 665-171August 41) was also translated as Queen Ann. Queen of Great Britain and Queen of Ireland (reigned at 1702- 17 14). The last king of the Stuart dynasty in England. James II's daughter, the English Catholic king overthrown in the 1688 glorious revolution, Mary Ⅱ's sister, the sister-in-law of the British king and the Dutch ruler William III. 1702, her brother-in-law William III died, and Anne succeeded to the throne as a member of the Stuart family. During his reign, he launched a war of succession to the Spanish throne against France. 1704 Britain occupied Gibraltar, an ally of France, and controlled the trade from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. 17 14, Queen Anne died childless. In order to prevent Catholics from inheriting the throne, the British Parliament elected Ludwig, the son of Sophia, the granddaughter of James II's grandfather James I, as the heir, and called him George I of Hanover, England. The Stuart dynasty is over.

Annie (Annie [? N]) is the second daughter of Queen James II and anne hyde. 1683 married Prince George of Denmark. Their husband and wife love each other, want nothing, and do not compete with the world. Anne's life is very unhappy. She gave birth to 17 children, but all of them were short-lived.

1688 William led an army to invade England, which was obviously arranged by Bishop Compton, john churchill and Sarah Churchill. They all supported William. Anne and Mary are both Protestants who oppose their father's Catholic autocracy in England. The betrayal of his two daughters hit James hard. After James' death, Parliament decided that William would rule England in his lifetime, and Anne acquiesced, so her inheritance right was postponed until William died childless. She moved into her own Kirk Peter Palace, where Downing Street is now located. But Anne's relationship with the Queen has been strained for nearly five years. The reason is that john churchill, who was named Earl of Marlboro, made great contributions in conquering Ireland, especially in the glorious revolution. Because of his little reward, he plotted against the king, while Sarah kept a close relationship with Anne. Moreover, Anne once felt guilty for betraying her father, and probably wrote a repentance book to her father. William is quite generous to Marlboro. He once fired Marlboro and imprisoned him in the Tower of London. Of course, Mary was standing with her husband at this moment. She doesn't like that Anne is still so close to Sarah Churchill. But Anne refused to fire Sarah and had to break up with the king and queen. After Mary's death, William reconciled with Anne and trusted Anne and john churchill again. Sarah gave birth to four children, and the eldest daughter married Francis, the only son of Sidney Godolphin, the trusted minister of King William. After Anne ascended the throne, she appointed Sarah as the head of the harem. 170 1 year, the British Parliament passed the Inheritance Law, and Anne became the heir of William III.

Anne succeeded to the throne of the Queen of England. When he ascended the throne, he suffered from gout. Because of his obesity, he needs to take a wheelchair or trailer when he moves. Her main pastimes are playing cards, drinking tea and watching gardening. Anne's can be said to be a queen with a clear conscience-despite her personal prejudice, she is also a powerful pillar of the Church of England. She used her private money to set up an endowment fund for poor priests.

Like William III, Anne began to try to run the country with a cabinet with no party or all parties. Marlboro commanded the British and Dutch troops during the 1702 war against France; Godolphin was appointed as Finance Minister by Anne at Marlboro's suggestion. They are all independents. But Anne tends to like the Tories, because: the Tories are enthusiastic supporters of the Anglican Church; The Conservative Party advocates the special rights of the royal family. During Anne's reign, she spent most of her time in the war against France (the war of succession to the Spanish throne). Marlboro commanded the army to fight against France on the mainland, but the ultra-Tories criticized him more and more because they advocated naval warfare and did not like the kingdom to fight a huge land war on the mainland according to the Covenant. Annie is disgusted with this. He not only made Marboro a duke, but also asked the parliament to give him a considerable long-term income and give him a royal manor when he won. Anne also refuted Marble's main critics, Uncle Wang and Earl of Rochester; The leader of the Conservative Party, the Earl of Nottingham, also resigned as Minister of State and was replaced by robert harley, Speaker of the House of Commons. In this way, Marlboro, Godolphin and Harry became "three rulers" bent on winning this war. 1705 After the general election, the Queen dismissed three other Tory leaders and, under the pressure of Sarah, appointed Sarah's other son-in-law, the third Earl of Sunderland, as the ambassador to Vienna.

Anne is deeply influenced by personal prejudice, and he can't tolerate extreme Whigs like Sunderland. I like a moderate Conservative like Harry. She was very unhappy that the Whigs forced her to accept Sunderland as Minister of State in the House of Commons. Marlboro and Godolphin believe that if we want to win the war against France, we should attract Whig leaders into the cabinet to strengthen the Whig party's support in the parliament. And Harry made an outstanding contribution to the unification of Scotland. Harry firmly believes in the superiority of the Central Alliance. With the help of the Queen's maid, he can meet the Queen and exert influence on her, which makes Matt Boluo and Godolphin very uneasy. The competition between Godolphin and Harry is Harry's departure, because Anne still wants to rely on Marlboro's military genius to win the war against France.

1In the general election in May 708, the Whig Party became the majority party in the lower house, and the Queen was forced to accept the Whig Party into the cabinet. Although Marlboro won a great victory in Odenade, it was still a miserable year for Anne. 10 Her beloved husband passed away; She doesn't trust any * * * members; Sarah broke up with Sarah Marlboro because she was too presumptuous with her, and she hasn't been in the palace for a long time, so she devoted herself to the pro-Whig propaganda.

1709, the kingdom war became more and more disgusting, and the queen also showed this emotion. At this time, the Queen still thought with a grain of salt that the church was "very dangerous" and she could not appoint her favorite bishops because they were often high churches. 17 10 Reverend Henry Satchivell was tried for openly criticizing the Whig Party's handling of the 1688 revolution, and was finally found guilty, but was given a lighter punishment, which caused political repercussions. Harry secretly contacted the queen and suggested that she should be freed from the shackles of extreme Whigs. Therefore, the Queen bravely dismissed Godolphin. But then the queen regretted it. In addition, due to the excellent resistance of the French army, the army commanded by Marboro suffered heavy casualties. Therefore, pro-Anglican sentiment and anti-war sentiment showed two in the general election of 17 10, and the Conservative Party won an overwhelming victory. Anne relieved Sarah of all her duties at 17 1 1, and Maboro was also relieved at the end of the year. Harry was reinstated, and the ambitious Tory viscount Bolingbrook devoted himself to making peace with France alone. Anne awarded 12 tory aristocrats at one time in order to pass the peace treaty in parliament. At the meeting of 17 13, he informed the parliament of the Treaty of Utrecht, which was beneficial to Britain. Then there was another general election, and the Tories won again.

Harry was dismissed on 17 13. Because Anne was weak and worried that there would be no heir, Viscount Bolingbrook, leader of the Tories and Minister of State, contacted Anne's younger brother, james edward, who coveted the old throne, hoping that he would give up his Catholic faith in exchange for the right to inherit the throne, but was rejected. 17 14, before Queen Anne died, she appointed the Duke of Shrewsbury as the most important chancellor of the exchequer to ensure that the throne was inherited by George I, the elector of Protestant Hanover. Anne no longer trusted Paulingbrook, but began to trust her old friend, the Earl of Shrewsbury of Whigs. 17 14 The Queen died in August of 1 year.

Personality assessment

1707 During the reign of Queen Anne, the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland merged, realizing the real merger of the two countries, which laid the foundation for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under George III and the British Empire under Queen Victoria. During her administration, parliamentary elections and political party competition were of great significance for the first time. She first supported a United Whig Party, then a moderate Whig Party, then reluctantly accepted an all-inclusive Whig Party, and finally recognized a Tory Party that made peace. She understood and complied with the feelings of most subjects.