1959-1911years, many Japanese students went to China to study, historian Mario.

From 1898 to 19 1 1 year, at least 25,000 Japanese students went to study in China.

1894- 1895 After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, the views of the Qing people on Japan suddenly changed greatly: the island country of Japan became a "teacher" with a good example. As we all know, China and Japan are very different in nature, and it is impossible to simply paint a tiger as a cat. During the period from 1898 to 19 1 1, at least 25,000 Japanese students went to study in China. Marius-Zhan Sen believes that this is "the first large-scale knowledge migration tide that really faces modernization in the history of the world". (Japan and China: From War to Peace 1894- 1972) But there is evidence that "the overall level of Japanese students studying in China is pitifully low" (New Deal Revolution and Japan by Ren Da), and knowledgeable professionals are "nothing else". Later, he served as the president of the Judiciary, and was a graduate of the intensive course of law and politics in Hosei University. However, it is said that his Japanese level is not flattering. Instead, he might as well stay with his wife in Japan. (In "Seventy Years of Late Qing Dynasty", Tang Degang made a special dig at these Japanese students who didn't even understand Japanese. The reasons for the low level of students studying in Japan are complicated, but compared with its huge number, the problem is particularly prominent. Ren Da, an American scholar, pointed out that behind this phenomenon of flocking to Japan to study, there is an idea that Japan is a stepping stone and discarded after use. "This attitude has great enlightenment to modern Sino-Japanese relations." He believes that China people are "arrogant and insensitive" from the heart, which shows that they have not expressed their interest or proper evaluation of Japan as a country or a culture itself. China's attitude "has always cast a shadow over the relations between the two countries". Among the hundreds of thousands of students studying in Japan that year, I am afraid that only Dai can analyze and expound Japan from the national character and deep cultural structure. Although there are many people traveling to the east, in Dai's words, materialism and conceit are two great evils, which prevent them from "making real efforts to learn from Japan." He especially mentioned the History of Oriental Studies written by Pingjiang unfilial students, described the social life in Japan, and pointed out that even the observation of the dark side of Japanese society was "superficial and wrong", while the observation errors and judgment errors of Japanese society were very common.

On the other hand, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 meant a fundamental change in the international political pattern in Northeast Asia. Japan began to become China's unavoidable pursuer of interests, and Sino-Japanese relations gradually became the most important and complicated part of China's diplomatic relations. Chen Tianhua, who studied in Japan, wrote in "Desperate Letter": "Today, if you want to form an alliance with Japan, you must be North Korea; To live today and want to leave Japan is to die in East Asia. " However, the Japanese are not so much confused about how to deal with China as ignorant about the future of their country.

In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), the Japanese army led a delegation to visit China and called on Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Huguang. Shenwei told Zhang that the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was "intransigent" and that China and Japan were "of the same race, the same language and the same religion" under the situation that "the white people in the West are getting hotter day by day", so we should strengthen contacts. (Complete Works of Zhang Wenxiang) Shenwei's rhetoric is obviously deceptive, intended to create a cover for continuing to expand colonial rights and interests in China. However, such a lie was actually believed by Zhang Zhidong. The reason why a generation of famous ministers are so naive and ridiculous should be their ignorance of Japan. Ren Da mentioned in the New Deal Revolution and Japan that Zhang "still despises Japan as a Japanese and vaguely refers to Japanese as an oriental language" in his report to the Prime Minister's yamen. Zhang Zhidong's contempt is mixed with admiration, which can be regarded as the mainstream view of Japanese in modern China. These two opposite blind emotions are mixed together, and the result is contempt or admiration for no reason at all. However, Zhang Zhidong's innocence is not a personal exception. In the Qing Dynasty, many Japanese believed in the so-called "yellow-white race struggle", which led to the illusion of Sino-Japanese cooperation. Zhang Taiyan, in 1897's Asia Should Be Yourself as Close as Lips and Teeth, said that Japan was the only country that China could rely on, and even Japan provoked the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 was regarded as "self-help" under Russian pressure. This view was once quite popular. Shanghai Shen Bao published a comment on 1899, advocating an alliance with Japan. Japan regrets launching the war of aggression against China, so it will certainly accept China's proposal. (See Wu Guo's Lonely People in Asia:/kloc-China's Self-identity in the Late 9th Century). All these foolish ideas of trying to win the skin from tigers are on the verge of ridiculousness. However, this absurd fantasy has far-reaching influence. In his article "Special Manifestations of Nationalism in Modern China", Luo Zhitian took Hu Shi's mental journey as an example, which broke the absurdity of this view: although the Japanese also advocated "yellow-white racial struggle", it was only used to "rehabilitate China", and defeated China had to obey Japanese leadership in the "yellow-white racial struggle".

After the outbreak of the First World War, which was marked by the 21st Incident, Sino-Japanese relations completely ended the period of seemingly easing, but deteriorated. Japan has stepped up its suppression and interference in China, while China people's antipathy and hatred towards Japan are growing day by day. However, Dai called it "the Boxer Rebellion of Intellectuals" because it refused to oppose it when it contacted Japan. This extreme emotional trend of mutual encouragement with Japan eventually plunged the relationship between the two countries into a vicious circle and inevitably led to war. (See "Towards the Last Moment: The Japanese Factor in the Construction of China's Nation-State" by American scholar Cobain. )

Dai's On Japan is still a masterpiece of studying Japan, and it has also been highly praised by Japanese academic circles. However, after nearly 80 years of publication, similar works by China people still can't match or be surpassed, which further highlights how deep-rooted China's misunderstanding and ignorance of Japanese is. On the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 2005, Southern Weekend, a media famous for symbolizing China's cultural level and social conscience, published a special commemorative issue. The first sentence of his opening editorial is "Japanese tribute system has belonged to China for more than 1000 years". The narrator obviously has no basic grasp of Japanese history, but he is full of nationalist excitement. Such fallacies and heresies are grandly published in the mainstream media with great influence, which is misleading to the audience.

In Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang Tao and the Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty, American historian Kevin Cowen pointed out his contradictory views on Japanese reform, taking Wang Tao, one of the earliest newcomers to the West, as an example. Sometimes he praised or criticized, and people from China "had a complex emotion of appreciation, jealousy and contempt", resulting in "a profound contradiction of love and hate". The reason is that Yi Huili's evaluation of the mental state of Qing scholars in the face of the facts of international relations in Northeast Asia is extremely appropriate: "I can't face it calmly." Today, this judgment can still be generally applied to Japanese people's views on China, especially after the brutal eight-year all-out war, after the diplomatic isolation for more than 20 years after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), and in today's increasingly powerful social atmosphere, it seems increasingly difficult to "face it calmly".