Xingyang immigrants che

Liu Jing, a native of Qi, was originally named Lou Jing. He was originally a rickshaw puller in Liu Bang's army. After being stationed in Luo with the army for five years, Han did several great things for Liu Bang, who named him Jun and Xin Jianhou and gave him the surname Liu.

The regime of the Western Han Dynasty was established at the end of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty. Due to the cruel exploitation and heavy corvee of the Qin Dynasty, the social economy was greatly destroyed, and the subsequent six-year war made the social economy even more depressed. As a result, after the Western Han regime unified the whole country, it was faced with "people everywhere, father and son violently destroyed Nakata, crying countless times, and those who hurt foreigners could not afford it ..." (Hanshu, Volume 43). The fields are deserted and sparsely populated. Even Liu Bang, as the emperor, could not find four horses of the same color when he went out. Some ministers and generals can only take ox carts as transportation when they go to the imperial court.

Faced with such a situation, most of the ministers of civil and military affairs in the Western Han Dynasty were immersed in seizing political power or vying for fame and fortune, thinking that they could rest easy from now on. Faced with the more intractable problem of how to establish and consolidate the Western Han regime, few people can seriously consider it. However, at this time, Lou Jing, a sergeant driving a car, began to stand out, showing his safety and ability to govern the country.

It was the idea of establishing the capital that contributed to the emperor and gave him the title of the country.

In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), Lou Jing went to Shaanxi-Gansu area with the army and passed through Luoyang. At that time, he was just a soldier carrying the trench in the army. When he learned that Liu Bang was going to build the capital in Luoyang, he found his fellow general Yu and asked him to tell Liu Bang. This puts the general in a dilemma. If he refuses, it will hinder his hometown feelings. If he is introduced to Liu Bang, Lou Jing has no courage and no hope of virtue. Would the emperor like to see him? Besides, at that time, the great cause of reunification had been completed, and the civil and military officials in the Qing Dynasty were full of ambitions. What will happen if Lou Jing meets Liu Bang? However, under Lou Jing's repeated requests, General Yu had to transfer his request to Liu Bang.

Unexpectedly, however, Liu Bang decided to summon Lou Jing. Before calling, General Yu thought Lou Jing's clothes were too indecent, so he sent someone to send him a set of fine clothes. However, the stubborn Lou Jing declined this invitation, and still met Liu Bang in coarse cloth. In front of the civil and military officials of the Qing Dynasty, he intended to establish Luoyang and boldly put forward different opinions, which caused controversy.

Lou Jing believes that Luoyang has been the center of transportation in the world since ancient times, and peace and prosperity can be king here. Once a war breaks out, it is difficult to control the situation. Now that the war has just ended, the remains are still exposed in the wild, and cries can still be heard along the road. The central government is not stable enough, and Luoyang is the capital. Guanzhong area, which was run by Qin dynasty for several generations, is surrounded by mountains and waters, and there are natural obstacles on all sides. Even if there is an emergency, it is not difficult to gather a million people, and the land there is fertile and the climate is suitable, which is convenient for developing production and restoring the economy. It can be called the land of abundance. It's like fighting with someone. It's not easy to win unless you hit them on the back and pinch their throats. It is the key to consolidate the political power that the capital Guanzhong hits the back of the world and holds the world by the throat.

When Liu Bang's ministers saw that this "nobody" with no clothes and shoes should express his opinions on such a national event as Jiandu, they felt a sense of disgust, and most of them were not from Guanzhong area, so they felt even more unbearable for this suggestion. Therefore, they made suggestions and accusations. In the midst of opposition, only Sean supported Lou Jing.

After repeated weighing of interests, Liu Bang added fuel to the flames and decided to adopt the advice of this "villain". "This car is heading west for Guanzhong." After the capital Chang 'an was established, Lou Jing was given the surname Liu, worshipped as a doctor, and was called "Feng Chunjun" in posthumous title.

The establishment of Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, is an important step to consolidate political power. Of course, on this issue, it shows that Liu Jing has global thinking and political vision; On the other hand, it can't be said that Liu Bang has a good eye for people and can choose good and follow, which is really commendable.

The first person who put forward the democratic policy promoted national integration.

After the capital was established, how to solve the Xiongnu problem was put on the agenda of the court. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, when the peasant uprising swept across the Central Plains, the Huns who moved northward were defeated by Meng Tian, the general of Qin Dynasty, and took the opportunity of "the princes disturbed Qin and China was in chaos" to move back to their hometown and began to expand outward. Attack the Vietnamese in the west, merge the towers in the south, destroy the East Lake, and collect Henan (now Hetao and Yikezhaomeng areas in Inner Mongolia). In its northern region, Ding Ling, Qushe, Xiongnu, wage farming and other small tribes have succumbed to the power of Xiongnu. Successive military victories greatly enhanced the strength of the Huns. By the end of the Chu-Han War, Morton Khan had more than 300,000 elite cavalry, and was stationed in the northern areas of Hebei, Shanxi and other provinces, repeatedly trying to win the Central Plains.

When the Xiongnu nobles expanded outward, it was the time when the whole Central Plains was exhausted by the military revolution. At that time, the Han Dynasty was at a disadvantage in economic strength and military strength, but Liu Bang didn't see this at first.

In the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu's reign (200 BC), Han Wangxin, a general stationed in Mayi (now northeast of Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province), defected and surrendered to Xiongnu. Because he was very familiar with the northern frontier defense of the Han Dynasty, such as mountainous terrain, troop deployment, logistics supply, etc., he led Xiongnu soldiers to invade the south many times, posing a serious threat to the Han Dynasty.

In order to combat the arrogance of Xiongnu expansion, Liu Bang decided to unify his forces and go on an expedition in person. Before sending troops, he sent ten envoys to observe the movement of Xiongnu in turn, and all the envoys thought that Xiongnu could attack. To be on the safe side, Liu Bang sent Liu Jing again. Liu Jing came back and reported that when the two countries fought, they usually exaggerated their own strength in order to psychologically deter each other. When I went to perform this task, all I saw were the old, the weak and the sick, and the Huns exposed their weaknesses so openly. There must be a conspiracy. It's not appropriate to send troops now. However, Liu Bang did not calmly analyze the situation, thinking that the Han army had reached more than 300,000, and the Xiongnu would be vulnerable. He arrested Liu Jing for disturbing the morale of the army and exiled him to Guangwu (now Xingyang, Henan).

In this battle, Liu Bang underestimated his enemy, and the Han army was defeated in World War I in Pingcheng. Even Liu Bang himself was besieged by tarquin for seven days and seven nights. Later, he bribed the Hun E Shi (Queen) with a large sum of money to get away.

Liu Bang deeply regretted the failure, and then he felt that Liu Jing's harsh words were correct. When he passed the martial arts, he personally released Liu Jing, sealed 2,000 households and named them "Hou Jianxin". Liu Bang's spirit of learning from time to time is still rare among feudal emperors in China.

The battle of Pingcheng further encouraged the Xiongnu's arrogance. Faced with this increasingly frequent invasion, Liu Jing put forward a pro-Xiongnu policy. He believes that the world is beginning to settle, the wounds of war have not yet healed, and people are generally war-weary. In this case, it is not appropriate to send troops to fight easily. He suggested that Liu Bang marry his daughter to Hun Khan as a gesture of friendship. In the future, debaters will be sent to Xiongnu every year, and some items that Xiongnu lacks will be brought every day to publicize the etiquette and system of the Han Dynasty, so as to ease the troubles in the border and win time for consolidating the political power. Liu bang decided to adopt this suggestion.

Here is another episode: Lv Hou heard the news of marriage and made a scene with Liu Bang, claiming that he had only one son and one daughter and could not leave them to the Huns. At this time, Liu Bang, who held the power of Chu, was helpless, so he sent her and a woman from the Liu family to be princesses.

Since China established a unified feudal regime, Liu Jing was the first person to put forward a pro-family policy. Although subjectively, his marriage was not sincere, objectively, this policy promoted the cultural exchange between ethnic groups and promoted the progress and development of the Huns. At that time, the proposal of democratic policy was of positive significance.

The immigration policy is stable.

Therefore, Liu Jing suggested to Liu Bang that the descendants of the old nobles of the Six Kingdoms be moved to Guanzhong. When Qin Shihuang first unified the whole country, although there were migration orders, many people fled. For example, Tian Jie and Tian of Qi State; The son of Wei is responsible for it; Sean in South Korea; Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu and others in Chu State used their powerful clan power to recruit followers privately and wait for opportunities.

The peasant uprising at the end of Qin dynasty provided them with a good opportunity, so they recruited soldiers and set up their own schools, forming a force that could not be ignored for a while. One of the most powerful, Xiang Yu, from eight thousand soldiers, was invincible and defeated the main force of Qin Jun, calling himself the overlord of Chu.

Due to the economic depression and the rebellion of wang xing's different surnames in the early days of the establishment of the Western Han regime, the unified centralization could not be established for a while. The descendants of the six old nobles supported by powerful clan forces not only have economic strength, but also have an important position in politics and ideology. Therefore, they have always been a potential threat to the Western Han regime.

Faced with this situation of constant foreign invasion and civil strife, Liu Jing advised Liu Bang that the nearest place of Xiongnu to Chang 'an was only over 700 miles, and the light cavalry could reach it in one day and night. Although Chang 'an is now the capital city, it is bordered by Xiongnu in the north and threatened by the king with a different surname and descendants of the six countries in the east. Once an accident happens, the whole situation will be difficult to control. On the other hand, because of the war in Guanzhong area, the population has dropped sharply and the land is barren. If the descendants of the old nobles of the six countries and the gentry of the Central Plains are moved to Guanzhong, it will not only accelerate the economic development of Guanzhong, but also guard against the northern border. It can also be used as the power of Guanzhong's eastward expedition. The essence of what Liu Jing called "strengthening the foundation and weakening the end" is to consolidate the central government's policy of killing two birds with one stone.

Liu Bang adopted Liu Jing's suggestion and moved hundreds of thousands of people to Guanzhong area, which strengthened the advantages of capital Chang 'an in human and material resources.

Liu Jing's Historical Evaluation

Liu Jing's outstanding contribution to the above three issues played a very important role in the consolidation and development of the Western Han regime. Although he didn't have the style of a general or the military strategy of strategizing and winning a thousand miles, he was able to take the overall situation into account, assess the situation and put forward various correct policies, which made important contributions to the construction of the Western Han regime. This shows that Liu Jing has a good eye for some important issues and can be called an extraordinary politician. When we recall the establishment and development of the Western Han Dynasty, the name Liu Jing should not be forgotten. And Liu Bang can pull Liu Jing out of the team, and it is also worthy of recognition to accept suggestions after success.