Introduction of national heroes

Sun Yat-sen's National Hero Guan Tianpei.

Guan Tianpei (1781-1841) was born in Shanyang County, Huai 'an City, south of the Yangtze River (now Chuzhou District, Huai 'an City, Jiangsu Province), but he attached great importance to writing. He once said, "I can't learn ci fu, and sometimes I use it." He will personally cut the official documents he wrote on the monument. In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), he was admitted to Wu Yaosheng at the age of 23, and served as general manager, general manager, garrison, guerrilla, general and deputy general. Daoguang for six years (1826), served as deputy commander of Taihu Lake Water Division. In the same year, he took an oil tanker from Wusong to Tianjin. Although he encountered stormy waves on the way, he was able to arrive safely, so he won a special reward. The following year, he was promoted to the company commander of Susong Town in Jiangnan. In the 13th year of Daoguang (1833), he served as the prefect of Jiangnan, and in the 14th year, he was awarded the prefect of Guangdong Navy. Support Lin Zexu to ban smoking. 184 1 When the British attacked Humen in February, they fought alone in Jingyuan Fort, scarred and killed in battle. He is the author of the first episode of raising the sea.

The year when Guan Tianpei was transferred to the Guangdong Navy as the prefect was just after the British commercial supervisor Pharaoh Bay led his troops into the river of Guangdong. In order to strengthen coastal defense, the Qing government transferred him to Guangzhou, which was the only port for China's foreign exchange and trade at that time. Guan Tianpei faces an arduous task. In order to concentrate on coastal defense, Schilling's wife returned to Guangzhou with her mother and held her post with three children. After taking office, he "experienced the ocean and visited Eritrea". According to the danger of Humen, he carried out strict fortification and set up three portals: Shajiao and Dajiaobao were the first portals; Three forts, Nanshan, Zhenyuan and Yokosaka, were taken as the second portals. The Nanshan Fort was rebuilt, and the weakness of the anti-aircraft gun position was changed by the stone foundation and platform, and it was renamed Weiyuan Fort. The Great Humen Fort at Shizikou is the third entrance. These triple portals, that is, three lines of defense, closely guard the south gate of the Pearl River Estuary. On the one hand, he set up large chains and rafts between the second line of defense and the third line of defense at appropriate positions such as Weiyuan, Zhenyuan and crosspieces to prevent the enemy from breaking into the inland sea; On the other hand, he personally supervised the casting of 40 cannons with 8,000 kilograms and 6,000 kilograms, and hundreds of cannons with less than 6,000 kilograms, and separated the batteries to strengthen the defense force. At the same time, he stepped up the training of naval forces, personally stationed in Humen to supervise the training, and prepared this standard at the end of February and the beginning of August every year, led more than 500 people, and went to Weiyuan, Zhenyuan, Hengban, Dashui, Yong 'an and other places to practice gun accuracy, as well as its Dajiao and Shajiao Fort, with 640 * * soldiers. Each drill can last for ten days. "He also compiled the experience of building the Humen fortress and collected relevant information into four volumes, and attached many detailed maps, training charts and tables for reference.

At this time, opium smoke permeated the whole country, opium barges from Britain and the United States kept coming from the east, and opium smuggling trade was extremely rampant. Guan Tianpei actively assisted Deng Tingzhen, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, in his investigation. In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), after Chunlin Zexu arrived in Guangdong, Guan Tianpei strongly supported and cooperated with the anti-smoking movement, and achieved a great victory in forcing Yifa to hand over more than 20,000 boxes and bags of opium and destroy them all in Humen. Under the sponsorship of Lin Zexu, he built a new big battery between Weiyuan Battery and Zhenyuan Battery on Wushan Mountain, named Jingyuan, with 68 blastholes and 60 cannons. Its sturdy architecture and abundant firepower are the best among all the batteries in Humen. At that time, Guan Tianpei, with the strong support of Lin Zexu and Deng Tingzhen, bought more than 200 foreign guns from Macau and other places, and strictly trained a large number of recruited navy soldiers to be brave, reformed the establishment, changed Dapeng camp from camp to association, sent lieutenants to station, echoed Xiangshan Association from a distance, and hired a number of rice boats, red boats and tugboats to make use of favorable terrain and closely cooperate with the military and civilians at sea and on land to prepare for the battle. Lin Zexu spoke highly of Guan Tianpei's efforts to rectify national defense and praised him for "trying his best to sleep and eat".

Due to Guan Tianpei's tight defense along the coast of Guangdong, the provocation and attack of the British invaders failed during this period. On July 27th, Daoguang 19 (1September 4th, 839), two soldiers and three cargo ships led by Yi Law arrived at Jiulongshan Port in the name of begging, suddenly opened fire and carried out provocative activities. The navy, led by general Lai Enjue of Dapeng camp, fought back fiercely and fled in a panic. Two months later, on September 28th (165438+1October 3rd), the Italian-French law prevented British merchant ships from taking custody, which undermined the normal trade between China and Britain and started the battle of piercing the nose. This campaign can be said to have started the Sino-British Opium War, and in fact it was also the beginning of the Opium War launched by Britain. In this war, Guan Tianpei visited the capital town. Although the back of his hand was injured, he was still desperate. He stood straight with a knife. He ordered the soldiers to aim at the British ship and fired several shots, causing heavy losses and fleeing hastily. In the next ten days, the British ships launched six attacks on the garrison in succession, all of which were repelled by the garrison led by Zengcheng battalion commander Chen Liansheng and won a great victory. After the battle, Guan Tianpei was rewarded by the Qing government, and wrote in the imperial edict of Daoguang: "This time, the prefect Guan Tianpei went forward bravely and took the lead, which is commendable! He gave the name "Fafu ordered Abatulu" and ordered "the Ministry to discuss the best as a reward".

After the Opium War broke out, Guan Tianpei led the navy, held his ground, actively organized fishing boats and crab boats, and took advantage of various opportunities to attack the invading army. In November of the 20th year of Daoguang (1840 65438+ February), Qishan arrived in Guangzhou as an imperial envoy and governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. He rebelled against Lin Zexu's actions, dismissed soldiers and tried to quit coastal defense, destroying all the three defense lines and wooden chains in Humen, which Guan Tianpei had painstakingly worked for several years. Guan Tianpei felt very sad about this, and repeatedly asked Qishan to take active measures to resist, but they were all rejected. This year (184 1 year 1 year in July)1February 15, the British army suddenly attacked and captured the fortress in the suburbs and Shajiao, and the deputy commander Chen Liansheng died heroically. The situation in Humen is very critical. At that time, the company commanders Guan Tianpei and Li each had only a few hundred weak soldiers. Divided into Jingyuan and Weiyuanbao, Qishan was invited to send troops to support. Qishan only sent two hundred troops to elaborate. On February 6th, the 21st year of Daoguang (18465438+February 26th), the British army launched a large-scale attack on Humen Fort, with only a few hundred defenders. In the desperate situation of fighting alone, Guan Tianpei was determined to hold his ground and gave all his possessions to the soldiers, encouraging them to kill the enemy bravely. He and the guerrilla Mai Zhang Ting traveled day and night. After the enemy occupied Rong, Yong 'an and other fortresses, they concentrated their forces on attacking Jingyuan and Weiyuan fortresses. From ten o'clock in the morning to seven o'clock in the evening, Guan Tianpei personally had sex and fought fiercely with the enemy for ten hours. The enemy attacked from behind the battery, and Guan Tianpei was beaten black and blue. He fought with a knife and finally died heroically. Guerrilla Mai Zhang Ting and dozens of his soldiers also died heroically.

Before the sacrifice, Guan Tianpei specially assigned a servant to send away the official seal of his Guangdong Navy prefect. He is ready to die for his country. Before the war, he gave his family a box containing some teeth and some old clothes to show his determination to die. A servant found his body among the corpses, and half of his body was completely burned by gunfire. On the day of the funeral, "hundreds of literati greeted them with clothes, and all the onlookers wept."

Guan Tianpei fought bloody battles at Humen.

184 1 On February 26th, 2008, Guan Tianpei, a national hero, led his troops and died heroically in the fierce battle with the British invaders in Humen.

Guan Tianpei, a native of Shanyang County, Huai 'an Prefecture, Jiangsu Province, was transferred to Guangdong Navy as the prefect in 1834. At this time, seeing that the Qing government was decadent and fatuous, foreign invaders tried their best to open the door of China and expand their aggression against China. After Guan Tianpei arrived, he personally inspected the Haiphong Fortress, decided to build and strengthen the Humen Fortress, and stepped up military training. 1839, Lin zexu served as an imperial envoy and went to Guangdong to ban smoking. Guan Tianpei became Lin Zexu's right-hand man. While actively assisting Lin Zexu to collect foreign opium, he carefully arranged coastal defense, supervised the construction of piles and chains to prepare for resisting aggression.

1840 In July, British sailors rampaged near Tsim Sha Tsui and killed an innocent villager. Lin Zexu protested and demanded that the British Commercial Supervision Law in China hand over the murderer. France did not pay the murderer, and took the opportunity to expand its aggression and invaded Guangdong coastal armed forces several times in a row. Guan Tianpei took the lead, led the soldiers to be ready, bravely resisted, and defeated the British army many times, which made its aggression fail.

Seeing that Guan Tianpei had a strong military force, Yifa dared not provoke at will, while the British opium dealers continued to smuggle opium. Guan Tianpei actively cooperated with Lin Zexu in searching for opium smugglers. After the Opium War broke out, under the leadership of Lin Zexu, Guan Tianpei led a heroic counterattack against the British army. The British army could not occupy Guangdong, so they had to divide their forces and invade Tianjin. However, the dizzy Daoguang Emperor succumbed to the demands of the invaders, ordered Lin Zexu to be dismissed, and sent Qishan, the governor of Zhili, to replace him.