How to plant red apple trees? Planting management techniques of red Fuji apple

1, planting date. Planting in early autumn: It is rainy in autumn in northern apple areas of China, and it is planted from mid-September to early June. It is a good experience to catch soil moisture and plant leaves in the fruit area of the northwest loess plateau. Because of the high ground temperature and good water content at that time, the broken roots are easy to heal, which is conducive to rooting and restoring the root system. The survival rate of planting is as high as 95 ~ 100%, and the young trees grow vigorously in the next spring. However, planting with leaves requires the following conditions: on-site seedling raising, planting nearby, less damage to root system caused by digging seedlings, more soil, no picking, digging seedlings with seeds, planting in rainy days or before it rains, and encountering several rainy days after autumn, and the survival rate is high.

2. Autumn planting: planting before soil freezing. After planting, the roots can be restored to a certain extent, and germinate early in the second spring, grow vigorously and survive well. It is safer to irrigate in dry and cold areas in winter, and it is better to bury the soil for wintering, otherwise it is better to plant in spring.

3. Spring sowing: After the soil is thawed, sow before germination. Generally, germination is late and slow seedling stage is long. In case of spring drought after planting, irrigation conditions should be guaranteed, otherwise the survival rate and emergence will be affected.

4. Dig ditches and holes. Planting ditches and holes is not only directly related to the survival and early development of young trees, but also affects the high yield and high quality in the later period. Therefore, we must ensure the quality and dig the planting ditch. In order to make the soil have a certain curing time, the time of digging ditches and holes should be 3 ~ 5 months in advance. It is best to dig autumn plants in spring and summer (this method is often used in fruit areas of loess plateau), and it is best to dig spring plants in autumn. In arid areas, we can dig and plant at the same time to prevent the soil from drying out.

5. Orchards with plant spacing of more than 3 meters have good soil conditions, so it is appropriate to dig planting holes, and dig a pit or round hole with the planting point as the center 1 meter square. If the soil below is hard or there is gravel, the pit is bigger. Planting ditches should be dug in the orchard, with a spacing of about 2 meters, a width of 80 ~ 100 cm and a depth of about 80 cm. If the soil is poor or there are gravel under it, first dig a planting ditch with a width of 1.5 ~ 2m and a depth of 1m, then pick out all the stones and ginger stones, seal the soil, dig rows and rows, sweep away the gravel, and plant trees after the whole garden has leveled the land.

6, digging, topsoil and subsoil should be stacked separately. When filling soil, the top soil should be filled first, and then the bottom soil should be filled. The filling soil should be practical. When it is 20~30 cm from the ground, it is made into a steamed bread shape with a high middle, and covered with a layer of soil mixed with inorganic fertilizer. Mix the base fertilizer and soil evenly and apply it in the planting ditch. Before planting trees, grab the soil and fill it, and fill the ditches and holes with topsoil and fertile soil as much as possible. After filling the soil, irrigation can be carried out if conditions permit, so as to prevent the seedlings from sinking after planting and causing the phenomenon of burying dry.

7. Preparation of red fuji seedlings: Selecting the first-class red fuji seedlings with pure varieties is the premise of early fruiting and high yield. Before planting, whether the seedlings are self-bred or purchased, they should be carefully checked to avoid confusion or mistakes. Then, the seedlings are strictly graded in quality. The seedlings of a field or a row of trees are roughly the same in height, sturdiness and root system, which is beneficial to the neat and beautiful nursery, convenient for field management and high yield. At the same time, the seedlings with poor root system, thin stems and heavy injuries are selected for single planting or replanting.

8. Planting technology: When planting, most of the topsoil mixed with fertilizer is filled into the ditch until it is 20 cm above the ground and cultivated into a mound. Put the seedlings on it, end to end, make the joints face the main wind damage direction, stretch the roots, and make the periods evenly distributed around. At this time, the remaining mixed soil is lightly sprinkled on the roots from top to bottom, and seedlings are raised while filling the soil, so that the soil at the roots is stable. Then make the bed, water it and straighten the seedlings.

9. In dry land, when the soil moisture is good, dry planting, digging and planting, and digging and filling can be used to plant trees. Planting in late autumn can overwinter by covering the soil after planting, such as covering grass or pressing stones on the rhizosphere ground, which can significantly improve the survival rate (above 95%). In windy and arid areas, planting holes can be filled to 20 ~ 25 cm above the ground by deep pit shallow burial method. This will not affect the growth of young trees, but also help to accumulate rain and snow. At the same time, the restoration of windbreak forest in the northwest of the pit from 10 cm to 15 cm can significantly increase the soil temperature in the pit, which is beneficial to the overwintering and early growth of young trees.

10. In saline-alkali land, trees can be planted in low ridges with low ridges and high ridges to avoid salt, and the soil in low ridges remains loose, and the ridges are practical, or the buried soil in planting holes is slightly lower than the ground, and the soil in holes remains loose. The point is steady and the ridge is built. In arid and cold areas, rootstock seedlings or rootstock seeds can be planted first, and then red Fuji apples can be grafted with 2-3-year-old rootstock skeletons. This can enhance the cold resistance of red Fuji apples. Second, it can reduce the occurrence of trunk and main destroyer rot and ring rot. Three can bear fruit early. This method has practical significance in the cultivation of red Fuji apple in the northern boundary.

1 1. Post-planting management: Newly planted young trees need a period of recovery and adaptation. Red Fuji trees under 5 years old have poor cold resistance, and the management of these years has a decisive influence on the overwintering, growth and early fruiting of young trees, which should not be underestimated.

12. Seedling-planting heel: more seedlings are prepared than planted 10~20%. Excess seedlings should be transplanted to replant dead and damaged young trees. In areas with severe freezing injury and bolting, the number of follow-up seedlings should be increased to make up for the shortage of plants at any time.

13. stem fixing: after planting, stem fixing should be done in time according to the requirements of trees. Leave 8 ~ 10 full buds under the fixed stem. Before germination in spring, necessary germination can be carried out and more branches can be made.

14, water supply and moisture conservation: generally, water should be irrigated 2 ~ 3 times after planting. The orchard in dry land should be covered with snow, and the soil should be loosened in spring to conserve moisture, and the tree tray and tree belt should be repaired before the rainy season comes. Accept the rain. Straw, weeds and green manure can be used to cover the soil in summer and autumn to keep moisture, and the effect is good.

15. Replanting: After young trees germinate and spread their leaves, the survival and growth of young trees should be checked frequently. If you find dry twigs on the ground, you can cut off the normal parts and promote them to send new branches again. If dead seedlings are found, they can be filled with seedlings of the same age and volume in spring and autumn.

16, plastic film mulching: plastic film mulching on tree trays or trees after autumn has obvious effects on improving the survival rate of planting, shortening the slow seedling stage and accelerating the growth of young trees, especially in arid areas or seasons. The film mulching method depends on the planting density. In the dense planting garden with small plant spacing, plastic film can cover rows of plants, and medium density can cover individual plants. Spraying herbicide before plastic film mulching has good weeding effect. In order to prevent the high temperature under the plastic film from burning the cortex on the trunk in summer, some soil should be put around the trunk, and then some soil should be pressed around the plastic film to avoid being blown by the wind and losing its due effect.

17. Cultivating and planting big seedlings: This is a worldwide trend. Many countries with advanced apple production use a large number of roots and branches with large spacing to cultivate seedlings. The yield of this seedling is considerable within 1 ~ 2 years after planting. In the past, China planted 1 year-old seedlings. In case of unfavorable natural conditions and poor cultivation management, it will not only lead to lack of plants and broken rows, but also grow into small old trees, which will make it more difficult to restore management in the future.

18. methods of cultivating large seedlings: there are several ways to cultivate large seedlings. According to local conditions, according to the area of the garden and the number of plants needed, determine the planting period, area and quantity. Garden site selection: Choose sandy loam soil with good drainage, convenient irrigation and fertile soil to build a large garden, or raise seedlings between wide rows of gardens, or plant large seedlings on the side where a new orchard is scheduled to be built, which is more convenient for transplanting in the future. Precision cultivation: Carry out various field operations in time to cultivate seedlings with large roots, main branches and good branches. Nursery nearby: Due to the inconvenience of long-distance transportation of large seedlings, it is recommended to raise seedlings locally and plant them nearby.

19, the method of planting big seedlings: when the seedlings are raised, the roots should be less damaged and more soil should be brought to facilitate survival and growth. It is best to finish planting after thawing and before Tomb-Sweeping Day (from late March to early April), which can improve the survival rate. After the seedlings are raised, sow them in time. It is best to dig the seeds, transport them in a short distance, and wrap them tightly to prevent them from drying. Fourth, after planting big seedlings, stabilize the soil, water and irrigate it, and cultivate a small mound at the base of the trunk. In windy areas, posts should be erected to prevent the wind from shaking and affecting survival.