Reveal the history of Guangdong

During the Qing Dynasty 1854 to 1867, a large-scale armed fight broke out between Guangdong Guangfu people and Hakka people. The biggest and most tragic civil fighting event in history lasted 13 years, with hundreds of thousands of casualties. So how did this tragic fight happen? How did it end? What kind of influence has it had on Guangdong now?

Before understanding these problems, let's briefly introduce the origin and formation of Guangdong indigenous Guangfu people and Hakkas.

In the Qing Dynasty, the name of Guangdong Province was officially used. In the early Qing Dynasty, due to the war, the population of Guangdong was greatly reduced. From the middle and late period of Kangxi, the Qing Dynasty took measures to recuperate, develop production, abolish poll tax and merge into land tax, and the population of Guangdong gradually increased.

Guangdong aborigines, commonly known as Guangfu people, live in the Pearl River Delta and the western Guangdong Plain, with a vast territory, a large population and few land, and rich products. Guangfu people generally believe that their ancestors came from Nanxiong Zhuji Lane. The genealogy of clan names was recorded. At the end of the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Central Plains was at war all the year round. Many clans fled to Nanxiong Zhuji Lane to avoid wars and natural disasters. Because I don't know much about Lingnan, I dare not go south again and settle down here. After living for several years, they gradually adapted to the climate and living habits in Lingnan area, and then gradually moved south to the Pearl River Delta. Of course, there is another saying that Hu Fei was forced to move south to avoid the disaster due to the disaster in the Song Dynasty.

However, Hakkas have gone through many hardships and left their homes, and many migrations have led to their displacement. In the Song Dynasty, Hakka ancestors traveled around and finally found a base camp on the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. Because of the hukou at this time, they were divided into "Hakka" and "main", and the new immigrants were classified as "Hakka". Over time, they called themselves "Hakkas".

Hakkas migrated from the Central Plains to the south, with relatively advanced civilization and mode of production. Therefore, the She, Yao and other ethnic minorities in the triangle of southern Jiangxi, western Fujian and eastern Guangdong can be well integrated, and finally "anti-Hakka" has formed a unique Hakka.

Because the Hakkas moved to Guangdong later than Guangfu people, the Pearl River Delta and the western Guangdong plain had been basically developed by Guangfu people at that time, so the Hakkas could only live in mountainous areas that were difficult to develop. With the passage of time, the Hakka population has gradually increased, and the carrying capacity of barren mountainous areas is limited. The Pearl River Delta and the western Guangdong plain where Guangfu people live are vast in land and sparsely populated, and rich in products. So some Hakkas moved to Zengcheng and Baoan counties on the east coast of the Pearl River Delta, as well as Zhaoqing and Wuyi areas in western Guangdong.

At this time, Hakkas are no longer ethnic minorities such as She and Yao in the triangle of southern Jiangxi, western Fujian and eastern Guangdong, but Guangfu people, descendants of Han immigrants from the Central Plains who entered the Pearl River Delta and the western Guangdong Plain earlier. At this time, the culture and mode of production of Guangfu people are equally advanced and deeply rooted in the local area. Therefore, it is useless for Hakkas to oppose customers at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

The two main ethnic groups live in the same place. Due to the differences in culture, customs and concepts, there will be more or less contradictions and frictions. And this also laid the groundwork for the struggle between natives in the future.

1854, under the influence of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising, Guangdong Tiandi Society launched an anti-Qing Uprising. The insurgents call themselves "Hong Bing", which means Hong Men Rebel Army. The army of Hong Bing Uprising was mainly from Guangfu people, and the insurgents began to besiege Guangzhou.

At that time, Ye, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, was trapped on an isolated island and was in jeopardy. However, there were many rebellions in the Qing Dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in China, and the soldiers had no fixed tone. At that time, it was more popular to practice group training and cultivate courage, which was also a magic weapon for the court to deal with the crisis. At first, Ye raised a lot of money, but the war continued, and the fiscal deficit was * * * without money. Ye used the official title as bait, and paid money to recruit people with the squire with rich shareholders to fight hand in hand with the court.

In this process, Ke Yong, composed of Hakkas, came into being. In the process of assisting the * * * army to suppress Hong Bing, some customers in Heshan, Gaoyao, Kaiping and other places took the opportunity to publish personal vendetta, retaliating against Guangfu people who had some friction contradictions in their daily lives, and burned and robbed many Guangfu people.

Some powerful squires in the Ministry of Recovery and People's Republic of China saw at a glance that it was still there. It is right to unite against the rise of Hakkas. So they teamed up with Guangfu people around them to create rumors, saying that Hakka people would turn their backs on their customers and kill all of us Guangfu people. So the surrounding Kaiping, Enping, Heshan, Gaoming and other places also raised flags and began to fight against the Hakkas. If the Hakkas don't give in, who's afraid of who? They also choose able-bodied men to kill each other, and you come and go. At this point, the largest and most tragic armed private struggle among local people officially broke out.

So * * * regardless of this matter? At that time, on the one hand, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Hong Bing Uprising, on the other hand, the Second Opium War broke out, and all the British and French allied forces entered Beijing. How can I manage such a civil fight?

Suddenly, the two sides really got to work. The harder they work, the deeper their hatred and the more they can't stop. This battle started in Wuyi area and spread to Yunfu, Zhaoqing, Yangjiang, Maoming and other places. 13 was bleeding in this battle, and the death toll on both sides reached hundreds of thousands.

In the first six years of Qing dynasty, I didn't take the shooting incident seriously, thinking it was just a simple affray. In the middle of three years, when I found that things were really serious, I threatened and intimidated them to promote peace between the two sides. However, at this time, both the Turkish side and the Turkish side have already killed their eyes. Where can they stop? In the last four years, because the political influence of Guangfu people is far greater than that of Hakkas, there are many gentlemen and bureaucrats, and they keep suing the capital, detailing the ferocity of bandits and so on. * * * was pressured or bribed by the powerful people in Guangfu, and used encirclement and suppression to appease, mainly the Hakka people, which basically quelled the shooting cases that spread in 13.

In fact, the fighting in the last three years has evolved into a confrontation between Hakkas and royalists due to the intervention of officers and men. After so many years of fighting, the Hakkas are tired of fighting, and finally they are all at ease. If a guest asks for help, there must be a good arrangement. It is impossible to be in the same place as Guangfu people. Except for the Hakkas in TaiShan QingChi XiTang, Gaoming Wukeng and Heshan Yunxiang, other Hakkas either returned to their original places or were placed in Gaozhou, Lianzhou, Leizhou, Qiongzhou, Hainan, and Guidong, and some Hakkas even crossed the ocean to make a living. It can be said that the unrest of Hakkas led to the fifth great migration of Hakkas.

This series of changes has led to a sharp decline in the Hakka population in the Pearl River Delta. For example, before the war between the aborigines and the Hakkas in Siyi area, the Hakkas accounted for about one-fifth of the local population, but after the war, the Hakkas only accounted for three percent of the local population.

The largest, most tragic and longest-lasting civil brawl in history not only caused great harm to Turks and tourists, but also dealt a heavy blow to the local economy. It is this tragic conflict that killed hundreds of thousands of people that directly led to the large-scale overseas migration of Guangfu people and Hakkas in Wuyi and other places. Thousands of Guangfu people and Hakkas immigrated to Southeast Asia and North America, and also formed a large number of overseas Chinese in Guangdong.

Of course, it is the formation of a large number of overseas Chinese in Guangdong that makes the vision and thoughts of Cantonese more international and modern, and also makes great contributions to the economic take-off of Guangdong today.

Guangdong (3) Hakka (2) aborigines (1)