Historical information about Macao

Macau is one of the two special administrative regions established in China. How much do you know about the historical information of Macao? The following is the historical information about Macao that I have compiled for you. I hope it helps you.

Historical Evolution of Macao Historical Materials

Ancestral footprint

Archaeological excavations in Macao, especially the painted pottery and jade unearthed in the black sand dunes around the island in 1995, were identified as precious ancient cultural relics four or five thousand years ago. The stone tools unearthed at the same time, such as stone axes, belong to the same cultural system as similar cultural relics unearthed in Zhuhai, not far from Macao in recent years, indicating that the ancestors of the Chinese nation had been working in Macao as early as the Neolithic Age.

Macau, Green Ring Road, Heisha and other places have long been the footprints of Chinese mainland aborigines. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, ancient residents lived in these areas. Therefore, among the cultural relics unearthed in Macao and Zhuhai, there are reeds and pots in the Spring and Autumn Period and pottery in the Warring States Period.

Feudal period

Macau has been the territory of China since the Qin Dynasty, and it belongs to Nanhai County and Baiyue. Macao, known as Haojing 'ao in ancient times, has a close historical relationship with Xiangshan County in Guangzhou. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Xiangshan was already the land of more than 100 Guangdong islands. About the 3rd century ago (that is, when Qin Shihuang unified China), Macau was formally incorporated into Chinese territory and belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. In 420 (Jin and Yuan Dynasties), Macao belonged to Fengle County and Xinhui County.

In 590 (the tenth year of Emperor Yangdi), Xinhui County was abolished and changed to Baoan County, and in 757 (the second year of Tang Zhide), Baoan County was abolished and changed to Dongguan County of Guangzhou. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Macao has been under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan County, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. According to historical records, Zhang Shijie and his army were stationed in this area at the end of the Song Dynasty. People who settled in Macao in the early days formed small villages here and made a living by fishing and farming. Guangzhou Road, the propaganda department of Guangdong Province, ruled Guangzhou in the Yuan Dynasty, and guangzhou fu in the Ming Dynasty. Before the end of Qing Dynasty, it belonged to guangzhou fu, ruled Zhaoqing by the road and ruled Guangzhou by the government.

Colonial history

When the Southern Song Dynasty was overthrown, a large number of Chinese settled in Macao Peninsula. When hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty retreated from Fujian and arrived in Macao by boat, some may set foot on this peninsula to draw fresh water and find food, and some may even turn this desolate place into a hiding place. Hold a meeting in Macao Peninsula. Yongfu ancient society? Shalitou Land Temple is said to have been built in the late Southern Song Dynasty. From the end of the Southern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, residents in Wang Xia, Haojiang and other places on the Macao Peninsula have settled down.

Since then, the population of Macao has increased, but it is not easy to reproduce based on life because of the small place, less cultivated land and less products. Until the middle of16th century, that is, during the Jiajing period of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty.

From 65438 to 0553, the Portuguese began to live in Macao. 1887 1 February 1 day, Portugal and the Qing government signed the Draft Convention of the China-Portugal Conference and the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Reconciliation and Trade, and formally occupied Macao through the formalities of diplomatic documents.

Although the Portuguese sought the right of abode of the Ming Dynasty in Macao from 1557, the Ming government still set up a yamen here, which was directly under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. It was not until 1887 that the Portuguese government and the Qing government signed the Sino-Portuguese Reconciliation and Trade Treaty (which expired in 1928), that Macao became a Portuguese colony. However, Macao is not the first European colony in East Asia, but Nagasaki, Japan.

At first, the Portuguese were confined to the south of Macao. 1623, the Portuguese government appointed Marcelo as the first governor of Macao. Macao is famous for its cultural exchanges between China and the West in history. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the spread of western learning to the east played an important role in this area and once had a great impact on the operation of the world economy.

Since Macao, the sacred territory of China, has been occupied by Portugal since ancient times, the Portuguese have always had privileges or special status in Macao, which makes the residents dissatisfied. From1August 29th, 849, when Shen Zhiliang assassinated Governor Amauri, to1February 3rd, 966, it was triggered by the Cultural Revolution and the Taipa School incident. One, two, three? All these events show that the people are deeply dissatisfied with the privileges of the Portuguese in Macao. 1On April 25th, 974, the Portuguese revolution was successful, and the policy of decolonization was implemented, which recognized that Macao was illegally occupied by Portugal and returned Macao to China for the first time. Due to the lack of proper handover conditions at that time, Zhou Enlai proposed to temporarily maintain the status quo of Macao.

Macao's return

103, Deng Xiaoping publicly proposed to use it for the first time? One country, two systems? Solve the Macao issue left over from history. From 65438 to 0986, the Chinese and Portuguese governments started four rounds of negotiations on the Macao issue.

From 65438 to 0986, the Chinese and Portuguese governments started four rounds of negotiations on the Macao issue. 1987, the two countries signed the Joint Statement of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Portuguese Republic on Macao and its two annexes. The joint statement said that Macao is the territory of China, and People's Republic of China (PRC) will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macao on February 20th. China has promised to implement "one country, two systems" for Macao, so as to ensure that Macao people can enjoy it? A high degree of autonomy and Macao people ruling Macao? On the right.

1On March 3, 9931,the National People's Congress passed the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region in Beijing. Before 1999, it was the territory of China under Portuguese rule, and the sovereignty of Macao belonged to China.

1 at 0: 00 on February 20th, 1999, witnessed by the heads of state of China and Portugal, Wei Qili, the 27th Governor of Macao, and He Houhua, the1Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, handed over the Macao regime at the handover ceremony venue of the new Macao port. The next morning (65438+February 2 1), the people of Macao welcomed the PLA troops stationed in Macao; At this point, People's Republic of China (PRC) officially resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao.

On February 20th, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao. China promised to implement one country, two systems for Macao, so as to ensure that the people of Macao can enjoy? A high degree of autonomy and Macao people ruling Macao? On the right. In the past 400 years, the integration of Chinese and European cultures has made Macao a unique city: there are antique traditional temples, solemn Catholic temples, numerous historical and cultural heritages and beautiful seaside scenery.

In 2009, the National People's Congress passed the motion of the Macao Special Administrative Region to exercise jurisdiction over the new campus of the University of Macau in Qinheng Island, approved the construction of a new campus of the University of Macau in Qinheng Island, Guangdong Province, and authorized the Macao Special Administrative Region to exercise jurisdiction in accordance with the laws of the Macao Special Administrative Region.

20 15 12 16 the State Council executive meeting adopted the administrative division map of People's Republic of China (PRC) and People's Republic of China (PRC) Macao special administrative regions, which came into force on February 20, 2000. 199965438+On February 20th, the State Council promulgated the Administrative Region Map of People's Republic of China (PRC) and China Macao Special Administrative Regions, which was abolished at the same time.

20 16 12 16, the Macao sar government and Zhuhai municipal government announced in Hengqin New District that the new policy of Macao single-brand motor vehicles entering and leaving Hengqin, Zhuhai, was officially implemented on February 20th, 2016, when the first batch of Macao motor vehicles that meet the application conditions and pass the examination and registration can enter Hengqin. At the same time, the press conference jointly held by the Macao SAR Government and Zhuhai Municipal Government announced the Interim Measures for the Administration of Motor Vehicles Entering and Leaving Hengqin in Macao and the Detailed Rules for the Administration of Motor Vehicles Entering and Leaving Hengqin in Macao.

Administrative divisions of historical materials in Macao

It has been the territory of China since the Qin Dynasty, belonging to Nanhai County (Guangdong) and Baiyue, while the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty belonged to Nanhai County of Jiaozhou (Guangdong, Guangxi and northern Vietnam). After the calendar belongs to Guangzhou, there are Guangdong Road, Guangzhou Road, Guangzhao Road, guangzhou fu and so on. Adopted by the Macao Special Administrative Region? Parish? As an administrative division, Macao has seven parishes and one parish. But? Parish? It is not a formal administrative organization and has no legal status. (The parish is equivalent to a street office or community in Chinese mainland, etc. )

Geographical environment of Macao historical materials

location

Macao Special Administrative Region (latitude 22? 1 1', 1 13? 33') is located on the southeast coast of Chinese mainland and the west bank of the Pearl River Delta. The east coast faces Hong Kong across the sea. The Macau Peninsula in the north connects Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, and the big island in the south consists of Taipa Island, Sixth Ring Road and Shandong Supermarket. It belongs to an island city and has no official name yet. The island was originally Prince Island and Coloane Island. However, after the road ring continuous highway project started, the seabed between the two islands became shallower and shallower, and the land beside the highway became more and more because of the large amount of sediment brought by reclamation and Xijiang River water flow. In view of this, the authorities carried out reclamation projects in a planned way, and the land obtained was Lu Supermarket.

zone

The total area of Macao is constantly expanding due to coastal reclamation, from19th century to 10.28 "? Gradually expand to 32.8 square kilometers (including 360 hectares and 3.6 square kilometers of Macau New Town approved by the State Council on October 29th, 2009), with an area of about Washington DC 1/6, Singapore 1/22 and Hong Kong 1/34. Macao includes two outlying islands: Macau Peninsula, Taipa and Green Ring. Chinese mainland is connected with the northern part of the peninsula, and Caribbean Bridge, Friendship Bridge and Xiwan Bridge are connected with the southern part of the peninsula. Ng) child connection; As for the platform row and the road ring, it is connected by a continuous road with a total length of 2.2 kilometers and six lanes.

The land part includes Macao Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island, which are connected with the land border of Guangdong Province. Its boundaries include: first, the section of the Macao Border Inspection Building is closed, that is, the northern boundary of the Macao Border Inspection Building is taken as the regional boundary. Second, the Yalong River section on the west side of Guanzha Macau Border Inspection Building starts at the intersection of the west side of Guanzha Macau Border Inspection Building and the Macao coast of Yalong River, and ends at the intersection of the Yalong River to the southwest border line of the planned Guangdong-Macao new channel (Chiang Mai Port) Zhuhai Entry-Exit Hall and the Macao coast of Yalong River. The other reaches of Yayong River are bounded by the center line of the river.

In the offshore part, the management scope of customary waters in the past was clearly defined as 85 square kilometers of sea area. The boundaries include: first, the inner port section, that is, the inner port anchorage and the northern section of the inner port channel. The second is the Lu 'ao Waterway Section, that is, the eastern boundary of the Lu 'ao Waterway (planning). The third is the southern part of Macao, that is, the sea area north of the latitude where the southernmost tip of Dawo Mountain in Qinheng Island is located. The fourth is the eastern sea area of Macao, which is bounded by the west side of Jiuzhou Port waterway, the west side of Ya 13- 1 natural gas pipeline and the sea area boundary where Macao conducts management activities. Fifth, the artificial island section of Zhuhai-Macao Port of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Sixth, in the northern part of Macao, the boundary between the two places is delineated by equidistant off-line method.

One country, two systems: historical information of Macao

People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * 199 12.20 will exercise a high degree of autonomy for Macao to resume the exercise of sovereignty, and the central government will not interfere in the affairs within the autonomy of the Macao Special Administrative Region.

The Macao Special Administrative Region enjoys executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication, and other powers granted by the National People's Congress, its Standing Committee and the Central People's Government. A high degree of autonomy does not mean complete autonomy. In order to safeguard national unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity, the central government retains the necessary powers. For example, foreign affairs and national defense related to the Macao Special Administrative Region are managed by the Central People's Government.

administrative agency

The principal officials of the government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be China citizens who are permanent residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region and have ordinarily resided in Macao for 65,438+05 years. The government of the Macao Special Administrative Region is responsible for formulating and implementing policies; Manage various administrative affairs; To handle foreign affairs authorized by the Central People's Government as stipulated in the Basic Law; Prepare and submit financial budgets and final accounts; To propose bills and draft administrative regulations; Appoint officials to attend meetings of the Legislative Council to listen to opinions or speak on behalf of the government.

The government of the Macao Special Administrative Region must abide by the law and be responsible to the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region; To implement the laws passed and effective by the Legislative Council; Regularly deliver policy addresses to the Legislative Council; Answer questions from members of the Legislative Council.

chief executive

Chui Sai On, 1957 was born in Macao, one of Macao's big families? Cui Jia? The offspring of. On July 26th, 2009, the only candidate, Chui Sai On, was successfully elected as the new Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region by members of the third Chief Executive Election Committee.

20 14 12.20 Chui Sai On, the fourth Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, was sworn in.

Legal system of historical materials in Macao

The legal system of the Macao Special Administrative Region is based on the rule of law and judicial independence. According to? One country, two systems? The legal system of the HKSAR is based on mainland laws.

The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is the constitutional document of the Macao Special Administrative Region, which was formulated and adopted by the National People's Congress in accordance with the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC). The Basic Law stipulates the system to be implemented in the Macao Special Administrative Region to ensure that the basic principles and policies of the state towards Macao are implemented. In other words, the systems and policies of the Macao Special Administrative Region, including the social and economic systems, the system for safeguarding residents' basic rights and freedoms, the administrative, legislative and judicial systems, and relevant policies, are all based on the provisions of the Basic Law.

The laws, decrees, administrative regulations and other normative documents previously in force in the Macao Special Administrative Region shall remain valid as long as they do not contravene the Basic Law. Criminal law, criminal procedure law, civil law, civil procedure law and commercial code are important components of Macao's legal system. National laws on national defense, foreign affairs and other matters that do not fall within the scope of autonomy of the Macao Special Administrative Region may be promulgated by the Macao Special Administrative Region or enacted by itself for implementation in Macao.

Judges

According to the Basic Law, the Macao Special Administrative Region enjoys independent judicial power and the power of final adjudication. The courts conduct trials independently, and only obey the law without any interference.

The Macao Special Administrative Region has primary courts, intermediate courts and the Court of Final Appeal. The power of final adjudication in Macao belongs to the Court of Final Appeal of the Special Administrative Region. The law stipulates the organization, power and operation of the court. The primary court may set up a number of specialized courts as required. The SAR will continue to maintain the original criminal prosecution court system.

Judges of courts at all levels are recommended by an independent committee composed of judges, lawyers and celebrities and appointed by the Chief Executive. The selection of judges is based on their professional qualifications, and foreign judges who meet the standards can also be employed. At present, there are many senior Portuguese judges serving in courts at all levels. Presidents of courts at all levels shall be selected by the Chief Executive from among judges. The President of the Court of Final Appeal shall be a China citizen who is a permanent resident of the Special Administrative Region.