Talk about the historical changes of Guangzhou?

6000 years ago, the Pearl River Delta was a shallow funnel-shaped bay composed of rocky islands with Guangzhou as its apex. The Pearl River starts from Huangpu in Guangzhou, passes through Shiwan and Nanzhuang in Nanhai County in the west, passes through Xiqiao Mountain, Jiujiang, Ganzhu and Jun 'an in Shunde in the south, and then connects Jiangmen and Xinhui to reach Shafu at the northern foot of Dou Gu. The lower limit of the existence of the Pearl River funnel-shaped bay lasted until the Han and Jin Dynasties. With the continuous deposition of sediment from the upper reaches of Xijiang River and Beijiang River, some alluvial plains or new sand islands began to appear in the Pearl River, and many buildings were connected to the plains. During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the humid climate, dense vegetation, limited development along the Pearl River and less sediment brought by the river, sedimentation in the bay was slow. After the Tang dynasty, the southern mountainous areas were generally developed, the cement sand in the Pearl River increased, and the coastline gradually extended to the bay. Since the Song Dynasty, with the emergence of some Shatian in the Delta, in order to prevent seawater intrusion, seawalls such as Sangyuan Dike, Funing Dike and Xianchao Dam have been built, which has accelerated the development of beaches. In the Song Dynasty, the estuary of Xijiang River was pushed to Jiujiang and Ganzhu, and the north side of the estuary of Beijiang River moved to Huangpu, and the south side extended to Shunde. Jiujiang, Guizhou and Nanhai, Panyu and Shunde, north of Shawan, are already rich areas with dense villages and idyllic buildings. In the 22nd year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 152), Xiangshan County was established in the newly silted delta. In the Ming Dynasty, the whole area north of Shi Qi has been deposited into land, and the islands of Shanggujing, Huangyangshan, Penny's Bay and Wuguishan in the Xijiang Delta are connected together. Qiu Fu in the South China Sea was still a seaport in the Song Dynasty, and by the Ming Dynasty, it had "sailed for four miles". In the18th century, the Pearl River Delta moved to the vicinity of Modaomen. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the whole Pearl River Delta had become a flat land, full of green fields and dotted towns.

Guangzhou in human history is described in detail in various encyclopedias, so I won't go into details here.

Before 5,000 or 6,000 years ago, the main component of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was basically the ocean, including most of today. Today, Tianhe District and Baiyun District have formed some bays, which are the earliest inhabited places in Guangzhou.

At that time, there were some islands in Guangzhou, which are the hills today. These hills have long existed as quarries and other places. With the massive accumulation of sediment in the east, west and north rivers, today's Guangzhou has gradually formed. After successive generations of siltation and land reclamation since the founding of New China, a vast plain of nearly 654.38+100000 square kilometers has finally formed today, which is the core of Guangzhou's natural territory, including today's Guangzhou and Foshan urban areas.

Guangzhou, referred to as Yangcheng and Huacheng for short, is the capital, sub-provincial city, national central city and megacity of Guangdong Province, and an important central city, international business center and comprehensive transportation hub of China approved by the State Council [1]. As of 20 18, there are 1 1 districts in the city, with a total area of 7434 square kilometers, built-up area of 1249.5438+0 1 square kilometers, and permanent population of 1490440. [2]

Guangzhou is located in the south of China, adjacent to the South China Sea and the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta. It is the seat of China Southern Theater Command, a national comprehensive gateway city and the first batch of coastal open cities. It is the southern gate of China to the world, the central city of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, and the hub city of the Belt and Road Initiative. [4][5][6][7]

Guangzhou is a national historical and cultural city. Since the Qin Dynasty, it has been the seat of county, state and government, and the political, military, economic, cultural, scientific and educational center of southern China. Guangzhou is the radiation center of Guangfu culture. It has been the main port of the Maritime Silk Road since the 3rd century. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was the largest port in China, a world-famous oriental port city, the only foreign trade port in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the only port in the world that has maintained prosperity for more than 2,000 years. [8][9][ 10]

Guangzhou was rated as the first-tier city in the world by the global authority GaWC [1 1], and the China Import and Export Fair held every year attracted a large number of merchants, a large number of foreign-funded enterprises, and investments from Fortune 500 companies [12]. Guangzhou has more than 8,700 national high-tech enterprises, ranking the top three in the country, with 80% of universities and 70% of scientific and technological personnel in the province, and the total number of college students ranks first in the country. [ 13][ 14]

Guangzhou's per capita household deposits rank among the top three in China, and its per capita disposable income ranks first in the province [15] [16] [17]. Guangzhou ranks first in human development index and third in national central city index [18][ 19]. Forbes 20 17 "Best Business City in Chinese mainland" ranked second; China's top 100 cities ranked third.

Guangzhou has a history of more than 2,000 years, and its downtown has never changed. This is extremely rare in the history of world cities, and it is confident enough to become a famous historical and cultural city.

The history of past lives

In 2 14 BC, Guangzhou became a "downtown".

In 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established the first centralized state in the history of China. After Qin Shihuang destroyed the Six Kingdoms, he made up his mind to incorporate Lingnan into the territory of the Qin Empire and launched a war to unify Lingnan. "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor" contains: "In thirty-three years (2 14 BC), he died and his husband and wife were born in Guilin, Xiang Jun and Nanhai."

In 2 19 BC, Qin Shihuang sent Wei Tuju to lead 500,000 troops to March to Lingnan in five ways, one of which went down Beijiang River and occupied Panyu. Later, after Qin Shihuang sent Shilu to dig a Lingqu, he solved the logistics and supply problems of Qin Jun and redeployed the war to pacify Lingnan. In the end, Ren Tao led Zhao Tuo and others to attack South Vietnam and finally unified Lingnan.

In 2 14 BC, the great cause of Qin's unification of Lingnan was completed, and Lingnan area was incorporated into the territory of Qin's centralized state. Today, most of Guangdong Province belongs to Nanhai County and is under the jurisdiction of Panyu, which is the beginning of the establishment of administrative divisions in Guangzhou. Ren Xiaojian, the first commander-in-chief of Nanhai County, was located in Panyu (the city site is in the old Cangxiang area of Zhongshan 4th Road), which was called Panyu City in history, and was later called Ren Xiaocheng, which was the beginning of Guangzhou's construction.

The word "Panyu" first appeared in Huai Nan Zi Ren Xun and Historical Records of South Vietnam Biography. According to the Biography of Historians in South Vietnam, Ren Xiao said to Zhao Tuo before he died: "Panyu is a dangerous mountain, blocking the South China Sea, which is thousands of miles from east to west, and is supplemented by China people. This is also the master of a country and can establish a country. "

In order to consolidate the achievements of unifying Lingnan, the Qin Dynasty not only set up counties and counties in Nanhai and Panyu to promote feudalism, but also implemented many measures to promote local development in Lingnan, including "opening up wasteland and guarding the border", "building roads and setting up customs" and "guarding immigrants' transit".

Guangzhou is also called "Chu Pavilion", and Yuexiu Park has its archway.

The statue of Wuyang made by 1959 has become the symbol of Guangzhou.

"Ancient Chuting" stone tablet in Yuexiu Park.

There are no sites in nature, but there are cultural relics from the past. Only in the Guangzhou Museum, commonly known as the "five-story building (zhenhai tower)", there are more than 10,000 pieces of cultural relics of various dynasties in this collection, which can be said to condense the history of Guangzhou for more than 2,000 years. The "Panyu" lacquer box unearthed in 1953 is the historical material evidence of Qin's founding a county in Guangzhou.

1962 what was unearthed in Zhuangluogang is an important historical material for Qin to unify Lingnan.

The road to change

In the Three Kingdoms, it was called Guangzhou.

Guangzhou has a history of more than 2000 years. It is rare that the walls of Guangzhou have grown from small to large, but the center of the city has not changed. Guangzhou ranks among the "historical and cultural cities", which is not worthy of its name.

In the Neolithic Age four or five thousand years ago, there were already human activities in Guangzhou. Facing the South China Sea and located in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou has a mild climate, long sunshine hours and abundant rainfall, and started fishing and hunting and primitive agricultural activities very early. In the ancient cultural sites discovered in Longyandong and Fei 'eling in Guangzhou, a large number of production tools such as stone axes, stone chisels, stone mills and pottery were unearthed. Later, with the improvement of farming and hunting techniques, various handicraft techniques were learned, and craftsmen from all walks of life appeared. They don't have to farm quickly or live in scattered villages, but live in concentrated areas, thus laying the foundation of Guangzhou city.

After the Qin Dynasty unified Lingnan in 2 14 BC, Ren Xiao, the chief of Nanhai County, established Panyu City (the name of ancient Guangzhou). At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo established Nanyue State and expanded this city into the national capital, which was called "Zhao Tuo City" in history. The downtown is probably from Xindaxin West in Yuexiu District today to Cangbian Road, Yuehua Road in the north and Zhongshan Road in the south. According to the results of archaeological excavations, in addition to the ruins of Nanyue Palace and Nanhan Palace, there are also large-scale architectural relics of various dynasties since Nanyue, which is the witness of Guangzhou's 2000-year history.

Panyu has become a famous city in China in Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Bu Zhi, the secretariat of the State of Wu, expanded the "Zhao Tuo City". In 226 AD, the State of Wu established Guangzhou and ruled Panyu, which was the beginning of Guangzhou's name. During the Han and Jin Dynasties, Guangzhou gradually became the starting port of the Maritime Silk Road, and by the Tang Dynasty, it had become a world-famous port. Fanfang (now Guangta Road) in the west of the city has become a busy city where foreign businessmen live together. There are more and more shops in the south of the city. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yin, the supreme ruler of Lingnan, appointed the Qing navy to expand Nancheng, and his brother Ada took over and established the kingdom of Southern Han. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the economy was dominant. In the south, west and suburbs of Guangzhou (known as Xing Wang Fu), there are independent palaces for the royal family to enjoy, and the surrounding areas are gradually developing. In the Song Dynasty, there were eight satellite cities around Guangzhou, and three new cities were built in Guangzhou, which expanded the urban area. In the Ming Dynasty, Guangzhou was one of the three cities, with the city wall reaching Yuexiu Mountain in the north, Renmin Road in the west, Yuexiu Road in the east and Yide Road and Wanfu Road in the south. In the Qing Dynasty, an east-west "chicken wing city" was added, and the city wall was built by the river.