Not only Shandong people, but also those who live inland?

To the east? It is a household name in our country, but people all know that the main force to enter Kanto is northerners, mainly Shandong people, but they don't know that the government led it in the late Qing Dynasty? What is the true fate of immigration? During the event, Hubei, a southern inland province, was also an important force for immigration to the northeast. Then, did Hubei's migration to Heilongjiang get the support of Hubei local government, and was this migration smooth?

First, the real border of immigrants, the government's helpless move.

As we all know, the Manchu ruling class made a fortune in the northeast and then went south to compete for the Central Plains. After the Qing dynasty established the rule of the world, the northeast also served as the Qing government? The land of Longxing? It was strictly protected by the Qing government. The flow of people between the mainland and the northeast is strictly restricted by the government. Unless approved by the government, it is strictly forbidden for mainlanders to go to the northeast for reclamation. As the population of the Qing Dynasty reached its historical peak, in the agricultural era, the contradiction between unlimited population growth and relatively limited land and backward farming technology made a large number of people unable to meet the basic needs of food and clothing, which also gave birth to countless? To the east? This story. However, the government prohibits these non-governmental population movements.

1840 After the Opium War broke out, the Qing government faced a serious border crisis. Russia threatened to seize a large number of resource-rich northeastern territories by force, and the northeastern region is vast and sparsely populated, making it impossible to carry out strong resistance. Under the threat of foreign invasion, the Qing government was forced to abandon the previous measures to strictly control the Northeast and began to implement them? What is the true fate of immigration? Policy. What's that? What is the true fate of immigration? And then what? To put it simply, it is to move mainland residents to the northeast in batches in a planned and purposeful way, reclaim wasteland and develop the northeast. However, there is still a little difference between Hubei-Black immigrants and traditional immigrants. This move is called. Move refugees to the real border? The government can kill two birds with one stone by moving the refugees from the disaster-stricken areas to the northeast for reclamation, which can not only develop the northeast but also resettle the refugees.

Second, the vast and sparsely populated northeast needs to be explored.

19061February, there was a flood in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and Wang Mai, an imperial envoy, asked the court to move the refugees to the real world. Their view is that instead of spending a lot of materials and money on disaster relief, it is better to move them to the northeast for reclamation, which will save money and promote the construction of the northeast. They also calculated the financial expenditure needed for immigration in the memorial, which seems to have been considered. However, the Longitude Section of the Memorial Hall reached a negative conclusion after discussing with the Governor of Liangjiang. They believe that the distance from Hubei to Heilongjiang is really far, and it is not feasible to separate families for a long time if only able-bodied adults are moved, regardless of women, children, old and young. In addition, the cost is huge, and the finance simply can't afford so much money.

Although the central government gave up this huge immigration plan for various reasons, local governments also have their own ideas about the actual situation of immigrant refugees. Since the establishment of Heilongjiang Province, due to financial difficulties, a lot of land has been left idle for a long time. In addition, being located in the northernmost part, far from the inland, few immigrants came to Heilongjiang to reclaim land. From 65438 to 0909, Liang took over as the governor of the three northeastern provinces. After visiting Heilongjiang, he found that compared with Russia, which moved a large number of residents to the Far East, Heilongjiang must attach importance to recruiting immigrants in order to develop and become rich? Internal force? Resist foreign invasion.

Undoubtedly, the application of Heilongjiang Governor Liang to the central government was rejected by the central government. In desperation, Liang decided to contact local officials in Hubei Province privately, hoping that the disaster area could use the disaster relief funds for resettlement, which coincided with the severe flood in Hubei Province.

Three, Hubei to Heilongjiang, thousands of miles of immigrants

After 1906, 1908, another catastrophic flood occurred in Hubei. Although there are government funds and donations from local gentry, it is still a drop in the bucket compared with a large number of victims who need to be resettled. In view of this, the local gentry in Hubei put forward the suggestion of moving refugees to the border, which was affirmed by local public opinion in Hubei. 1909 Hubei Provincial Preparatory Committee sent a telegram directly to Zhou Shumo, Governor of Heilongjiang Province, requesting that the victims be transferred to Heilongjiang Province. Zhou Shumo thinks this plan is feasible, and the only thing worth discussing is the issue of funds. Because of the distance and the huge number of victims, neither Hubei nor Heilongjiang can bear it alone. In the end, the two sides decided that Hubei would be responsible for the refugees' travel expenses, and Heilongjiang would be responsible for the refugees' local housing resettlement expenses and the first year's food expenses. However, the victims need farmers with farming ability and their families. Due to financial problems, the number of victims is limited to 5000.

Although due to various problems, Hubei Province finally failed to complete the resettlement of the victims, but with the encouragement of newspaper public opinion, a large number of Hubei refugees spontaneously went to Heilongjiang, and the government took the default attitude. 19 10 In June, thousands of Hubei refugees arrived in Yingkou, Liaoning Province on a ship of Swire Steamship Company. The areas where these refugees live suffer from natural disasters all the year round, so they often flee to make a living. How to accommodate these thousands? Hungry to feed? Some Hubei refugees have brought trouble to the northeast authorities. After arriving in Yingkou, some refugees continued northward to Fengtian (now Shenyang). After learning that these refugees were going to reclaim land in Heilongjiang Province, Zhou Shumo thought that even if the official resettlement plan ran aground, these farmers could contribute to the development of Heilongjiang Province, so he welcomed these refugees.

After arriving in Heilongjiang, many Hubei people could not stand the cold weather and eating habits in the northeast and asked the government to let them return to Hubei. The remaining refugees were immediately arranged by the government to various areas that needed reclamation. The situation in the reclamation area is quite difficult. Because there is no ready-made house to live in, the refugees have to live in temporary tents. Fortunately, the government provides a large amount of relief food, so their lives will not be in danger. However, due to the laziness of a large number of refugees, Heilongjiang Province gradually thinks that these refugees are freeloaders, not pioneers. After providing a large amount of financial assistance, Heilongjiang turned its attention to Hubei, hoping that Hubei could share the financial pressure for the black province, but only received a weak subsidy of 6.5438+2 million.

19 1 1 year, an unprecedented plague broke out in the northeast with heavy casualties. Hubei refugees in Heilongjiang fled to the south because of fear. In order to prevent these refugees from wandering around and causing the spread of the epidemic and local security problems, the northeast government decided to send them out. By March of 19 1 1, this group of Hubei immigrants had gone through hardships and finally returned to their hometown of Hubei, and this huge immigration project came to an end.

Wen said:

Although the plan to move refugees to Shilian in the late Qing Dynasty was opposed by the central government, a large number of refugees still fled to Heilongjiang for reclamation under the planning of local governments. I didn't expect that most of these refugees were idle, which brought great financial pressure to the local government in Northeast China. Due to the outbreak of the plague, these refugees finally failed to stay in the northeast, but returned to their hometown in Hubei. ? Move refugees to the real border? Neither? Difficult to move? Also failed? The real advantage? , is a very failed plan.