I want to know some information about Singapore. The more detailed the better.

Singapore

Country name: The republic of singapore

Also known as: Xingzhou, Xingdao

Capital: Singapore (Singapore)

National Day: August 9

Country: Singapore is located at the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula. It is located in the Strait of Malacca, a shipping artery between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and in Southeast Asia. The center of the country can be called the "crossroads of Asia". Its geographical location is very important. The country covers an area of ??626.4 square kilometers, with urban areas accounting for the vast majority, so it is called a "city country".

Climate: The entire land of Singapore is located within 1 degree of north latitude, only 137 kilometers away from the equator, and has a tropical maritime climate. The climate is characterized by the warmest, hottest and humid climate. The annual temperature ranges from about 24°C to 32°C. There is not much difference in temperature between day and night, and the precipitation is about 2,400 mm. There is more rainfall from October to March of the following year, and relatively less rainfall from April to September.

Brief history of the country: Legend has it that in ancient times, when Prince Utama, a descendant of Alexander the Great, was sailing on the sea, his ship was blown by a storm to what is now the island of Singapore. On the island, the prince saw a monster. The whole body is red, the hair on the head is black and shiny, and there is a bunch of white hair on the chest.

The entourage told the prince that it was a lion, and the prince called this unknown island "Singapura", which means lion. This name has been used to this day. Singapore was known as "Shan Masik" in ancient times and was part of the Kingdom of Johor, Malaysia from the 18th to the 19th century.

In the 19th century, it became a British colony and became an important trading port and military fortress for Britain in Asia. From 1942 to 1945, it was ruled by Japan and became a direct colony of Japan. An autonomous state was established in June 1956 and implemented internal autonomy. Incorporated into Malaysia in September 1963. On August 9, 1965, under the leadership of Lee Kuan Yew, the Republic of Singapore formally broke away from Malaysia and established the Republic of Singapore.

Singapore is a city-state, originally meaning the Lion City. According to Malay historical records, around 1150 AD, the prince of the Srivijaya Kingdom in Sumatra (Pana + Mu) arrived on the island by boat and saw a black beast. The locals told him that it was a lion, so it was called the "Lion City" .

Singapore is a homonym for "Lion City" in Sanskrit. Because local residents are deeply influenced by Indian culture, they like to use Sanskrit as place names. The lion has the characteristics of bravery and majesty, so it is natural to use it as a place name. In the past, overseas Chinese mostly called it "Xila", which means "strait" in Malay. Some also called it Xingzhou or Xingdao because of its small size.

Political Economy

Singapore is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The president is the head of state. The president and the parliamentary president jointly exercise legislative power and implement a prime ministerial cabinet system. Singapore's economy has traditionally been based on commerce, including entrepot trade, processing exports, shipping, etc. It is Southeast Asia's largest seaport, an important commercial city and entrepot trade center, as well as an international financial center and an important aviation center. After independence, Singapore's economic development has attracted attention and is known as one of the Four Asian Tigers. Tourism is one of the pillar industries of Singapore's economy.

Ethnicity and Clan

Singapore has a population of 3.1 million, of which 76% are Chinese, Malays account for about 15%, and the others are Indians, Pakistanis, Sri Lankan Tamils tribesmen and Westerners. With more than 4,000 people per square kilometer, it is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.

English, Chinese, Malay, and Tamil are the official languages, Malay is the national language, government agencies use English, and English is the administrative language. Most Singaporeans can use English and Chinese. Malays and Pakistanis mostly believe in Islam, Indians believe in Hinduism, and Chinese and Sri Lankans mostly believe in Buddhism; in addition, some people believe in Christianity.

Transportation

Singapore is the aviation center in Southeast Asia connecting Europe, America and Oceania, with routes reaching 54 countries (regions) and 127 cities. Direct flights to Singapore are available from Chinese cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Xiamen, and Shenzhen. Singapore Changi International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the world and one of the largest airports in Southeast Asia. Singapore has developed transportation and advanced facilities. There are trains and buses traveling to major cities in Malaysia and Thailand. The long-distance bus terminal is located at Xinqiao Road, with several buses running to Kuala Lumpur, Kuantan, Malacca, etc. in Malaysia every day.

Subway

The subway is the most convenient means of transportation in Singapore. The subway is 67 kilometers long and has 42 stations. It is divided into two lines: the north-south line from Marina Bay to Yishun, and the east-west line from Pasir Ris Tong to Boon Lay. There are very clearly marked route maps and instructions at each subway station. It is best to determine the fare and location before taking the subway. The north-south line is represented by "N", yellow represents the northbound line, and red represents the southbound line; the east-west line is represented by "W", green represents the eastbound line, and blue represents the westbound line; the downtown area is represented by "C". To check the station name, just remember the color and number.

The operation of the subway station is completely automated, with computers controlling automatic ticket vending machines, passenger entry and exit gates, etc. Go to the automatic ticket vending machine, insert coins, and press the button for the fare payable at the same time. If there is a balance, the machine will automatically change the money and pay the fare.

Subway tickets have a time limit. In addition to deducting the time required to take the subway, if you stay inside the gate for more than half an hour, the ticket will automatically become invalid. Passengers will no longer be able to pass through the computer gate. If they want to go out, they must pay for another ticket. The subway operating hours are from 6 am to 12 pm.

Festivals

The Singaporean calendar has four calendars: the Gregorian calendar, the Chinese lunar calendar, the Indian calendar and the Malay calendar. There are many festivals according to each calendar. While retaining the traditional culture of various ethnic groups, the Singaporean government encourages people to evolve towards the unified ethnic cultural customs of Singapore.

Main festivals include New Year, Indian Harvest Festival, Singapore River Raft Race, Indian Thaipusam Festival, Islamic Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr, Good Friday, Haji Festival, Vesak Day, and Dragon Boat Festival Festival, Singapore Food Festival, National Day, Mid-Autumn Festival, Monkey King's Day, Mid-Autumn Lantern Festival, Indian Deepavali, Indian Nine-Festival, Nine Emperor Gods Celebration, Indian Fire Festival, Indian Lantern Festival, Christmas etc.

Food

Singapore’s dining brings together local flavors and delicacies from all over the world, including Chinese, Malay, Thai, Indonesian, Indian, Western, fast food, etc. . Due to historical reasons, Singapore combines Malay and Chinese cooking characteristics in terms of food styles and habits. The most representative dish is "Nonya food". Nyonya refers to the Chinese women who used to live in Singapore, Malacca and Penang. In terms of taste, Nyonya food is one of the most special and exquisite traditional delicacies.

Tourists must pay 10% service fee, 3% government tax and 1% tourist tax when spending in restaurants and hotels. Suburban restaurants or snack bars do not charge service fees and tips. Market snacks There is no need to pay extra tips at the stall. For the sake of public health, smoking is prohibited in all air-conditioned restaurants.

Shopping

Singapore is rich in products, with a dazzling array of goods from all over the world, ranging from classical and exquisite oriental handicrafts, novel European high-end fashion and leather products to advanced high-tech electronic equipment Wait for everything. The distinctive products on the Singapore market mainly include Malay batik cloth, jewelry, antiques, ceramics, jade, calligraphy and painting, etc. Price levels in Singapore are relatively high.

Currency

The currency is the Singapore dollar (S$), with 1 dollar equal to 100 cents. The face values ??of banknotes are 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 20 yuan, 50 yuan, 100 yuan, 500 yuan, and 1,000 yuan; the coins are 1 cent, 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents, 50 cents, and 100 cents.

Time difference

It is 8 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time and the same as Beijing time.

The diligence, perseverance and goal-oriented work attitude of Singaporeans have created many first-class honors for Singapore, such as the world's number one airline (Singapore Airlines), the world's busiest port and transshipment Hong Kong, the world's first night safari park, the world's tallest artificial waterfall, the tallest hotel - Swissotel The Stamford Singapore, the world's largest fountain - the Fountain of Wealth at Suntec City, etc.

Singapore is not only the third largest oil refining center in the world, but also an important material distribution center. The main trading products are tin, rubber, coconut, oil, rice, wood, jute, spices and coffee. Singapore is also a financial center where the world's major banks gather, including Bank of America, ABN Amro, Deutsche Bank, Bank of Tokyo, etc., all of which use advanced communication equipment to connect Singapore with commodity, stock and foreign exchange trading centers around the world.

The roads in Singapore are lined with shady trees, and the streets are filled with small gardens and lawns, with green flowers and herbs and fresh air. It is a small, beautiful, clean and green garden city. There are various flowers grown in Singapore, among which the national flower - the orchid - is the most famous. These orchids that have been carefully cared for are brightly colored and fragrant. Bougainvillea is all over the streets and alleys. Even ugly telephone poles are decorated with twines. The bright red or lavender flowers are attached to the freely extending branches, swaying gently in the breeze. Even without manual care, they can be seen everywhere. open.

Singapore is a famous free trade port with a concentration of world-class commodities. At the same time, as the center of Southeast Asia, there are countless commodities with local characteristics. The rich commodities and good shopping environment attract people from all over the world. tourist. There are both high-end shopping malls and quaint old shops here; there are both world-famous brands and a dazzling array of small commodities, which is dizzying for everyone.

The magical Merlion

At the mouth of the Singapore River, under the Anderson Bridge, stands a milky white stone "lion head and fish tail" statue. It is the symbol and symbol of Singapore. . The Merlion was born in the hands of Singaporean artist Lin Langxin in 1972. It has stood quietly at the mouth of the Singapore River for thirty years, guarding the ships passing by on the sea...

The city of Singapore is the capital and capital of Singapore. The capital of the country is located at the southern tip of Singapore Island, 136.8 kilometers south of the equator, covering an area of ??approximately 98 square kilometers, accounting for approximately 1/6 of the island's area. Singapore is the country's political, economic and cultural center, known as the "Garden City". It is one of the world's largest ports and an important international financial center. The terrain of Singapore is gentle, and the highest point is 166 meters above sea level.

The city center of Singapore is located on the north and south banks of the Singapore River estuary, with a total length of 5 kilometers and a width of 1.5 kilometers from east to west. South Bank is a bustling business district surrounded by green trees and lined with high-rise buildings. The North Bank is an administrative area where flowers, trees and buildings intersect, creating an elegant and tranquil environment. Malay Street is also in this area.

Singapore’s urban roads are wide, and the sidewalks are lined with leafy street trees and various flowers. Lawns, flower beds, and small parks are interspersed, making the city neat and tidy. Climbing plants are planted on the bridges and walls, and colorful flowerpots are placed on the balconies of residences. Singapore has more than 2,000 species of higher plants and is known as the "Garden City of the World" and the "Hygiene Model" in Southeast Asia.

Country name: The Republic of Singapore

Origin of the country name: Singapore is a city-state, originally meaning Lion City. According to Malay historical records, around 1150 AD, the prince of the Srivijaya Kingdom in Sumatra (Pana + Mu) arrived on the island by boat and saw a black beast, which the locals told him was a lion, hence the name "Lion City" . Singapore is a homonym for "Lion City" in Sanskrit. Because local residents are deeply influenced by Indian culture, they like to use Sanskrit as place names. The lion has the characteristics of bravery and majesty, so it is natural to use it as a place name. In the past, overseas Chinese mostly called it "Xila", which means "strait" in Malay. Some also called it Xingzhou or Xingdao because of its small size.

Independence Day: August 9 (1965)

The national flag: consists of two equal horizontal rectangles, red at the top and white at the bottom. The ratio of length to width is 3:2. There is a white crescent moon and five white five-pointed stars in the upper left corner. Red represents human equality, white symbolizes purity and virtue; the crescent symbolizes the country, and the five stars represent the country's ideas of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality. The close and orderly combination of the crescent moon and five stars symbolizes the spirit of unity and mutual help of the Singaporean people.

National emblem: It consists of shield, lion, tiger and other patterns. The red shield is inlaid with a white crescent moon and five-pointed star, which has the same meaning as the national flag. On the left side of the red shield is a lion, which is the symbol of Singapore. Singapore means "Lion City" in Malay; on the right side is a tiger, symbolizing the historical connection between Singapore and Malaysia. Below the red shield are golden palm branches and leaves, and the blue ribbon at the bottom reads "Forward, Singapore!" in Malay.

National anthem: "Forward, Singapore"

National flower: A kind of orchid named Zhuojin·Vanda orchid is the national flower. In Southeast Asia, the orchid is commonly known as orchid. Zhuo Jin·Vanda orchid was cultivated by Ms. Zhuo Jin. The flowers are beautiful and dignified and have strong vitality. It symbolizes the temperament of Singaporeans and the spirit of hard work and courageous struggle.

National dignitaries: President S.R. Nathan, who took office on September 1, 1999, for a six-year term; Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (Goh Chok Tong), who became Prime Minister in November 1990; Cabinet Minister Lee Kuan Yew ( Lee kuan yew), after Singapore gained independence in 1965, he served as prime minister for a long time. In November 1990, he resigned as prime minister and became cabinet minister.

Important festivals: Chinese New Year: the Lunar New Year in January or February every year; Mid-Autumn Festival: August 15 of the lunar calendar; Eid al-Fitr: when the new moon appears in October of the Hijri calendar; Tamil New Year: April and May Moon; Thaipusam: January and February of the Tamil calendar; Fire Dance: October and November. Wesak Day: the full moon day in May; Christmas: December 25; Easter: the Sunday after the full moon on March 21.

Physical geography: Located in Southeast Asia, it is a tropical urban island country at the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula. It covers an area of ??647.5 square kilometers. It is adjacent to Malaysia across the Johor Strait to the north, connected to Johor Bahru in Malaysia by a causeway, and faces Indonesia across the Singapore Strait to the south. It is located at the entrance and exit of the Strait of Malacca, an important shipping channel between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is composed of more than 50 islands. Singapore Island accounts for 91.6% of the country's area. It has a tropical maritime climate with high temperatures and rain all year round, with an average annual temperature of 24-27°C.

Population: 3.2175 million (June 1999), of which Chinese account for 77.2%; Malays account for 14.1%; Indians account for 7.4%, and the rest are Pakistan and Sri Lanka people. Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil are the official languages. The national language is Malay. English is the administrative language. No state religion. Most Chinese and Sri Lankans believe in Buddhism, Malays and Pakistanis believe in Islam, and Indians believe in Hinduism. There are also people who believe in Christianity.

Brief history: It was called Temasek in ancient times. Founded in the 8th century, it belongs to the Srivijaya Dynasty of Indonesia. It was part of the Kingdom of Johor in Malaya from the 18th century to the early 19th century AD. In 1819, the Englishman Stamford Raffles arrived in New Zealand and contracted with the Sultan of Johor to establish a trading post. It became a British colony in 1824 and became Britain's entrepot trading port in the Far East and its main military base in Southeast Asia. It was occupied by the Japanese army in 1942. After Japan surrendered in 1945, Britain resumed its colonial rule and designated it as a direct colony the following year. In 1946, the British designated it as a crown colony. In June 1959, Singapore implemented internal autonomy and became an autonomous state. The British retained powers such as national defense, foreign affairs, amending the constitution, and promulgating "emergency decrees." It was merged into Malaysia on September 16, 1963. On August 9, 1965, it broke away from Malaysia and established the Republic of Singapore. It became a member of the United Nations in September of the same year and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in October.

Politics: The Constitution stipulates: a parliamentary system of democracy. The president is the head of state and is elected by the people for a six-year term. The president appoints the leader of the majority party in parliament as prime minister.

The president has the power to veto the government's budget and public sector job appointments; he can review the government's exercise of the powers conferred by the Internal Security Act and the Religious Harmony Act and investigate corruption cases. The Presidential Advisory Council is appointed to provide advice and recommendations to the President. The President must first seek the advice of the Presidential Advisory Council before exercising certain powers, such as the appointment of key civil servants. The President and the Parliament jointly exercise legislative power. Parliament is called the National Assembly and has a unicameral system. Members are elected by referendum for a five-year term.

Economy: Singapore’s traditional economy is mainly based on commerce, including re-export trade, processing exports, shipping, etc. After independence, the government adhered to liberal economic policies, vigorously attracted foreign investment, and developed a diversified economy. Since the early 1980s, China has accelerated the development of capital-intensive, high-value-added emerging industries, invested heavily in infrastructure construction, and strived to attract foreign investment with the most superior business environment. With the manufacturing and service industries as the twin engines of economic growth, the industrial structure has been continuously improved. In the 1990s, it paid special attention to the information industry and invested in the construction of the "Singapore Integrated Network" across the island. In order to further promote economic growth, vigorously promote the "regional economic development strategy", accelerate overseas investment, and actively carry out economic activities abroad. The economy is dominated by five major sectors: commerce, manufacturing, construction, finance, transportation and communications. The industry is mainly focused on oil refining, petrochemicals, and shipbuilding. It is the third largest oil refining center in the world. Agriculture accounts for less than 1% of the national economy, mainly poultry breeding and aquaculture. All food is imported, and self-produced vegetables account for only 5%. Most of the food is imported from Malaysia, China, Indonesia and Australia. Tourism is one of the major sources of foreign exchange earnings. Currency name: Singapore dollar (Singapore dollar for short)

News and publishing: English newspapers include "The Straits Times", "Business Times", "The New Paper"; Chinese newspapers include "Lianhe Zaobao" and "Lianhe Wanbao" , "Shin Min Daily News"; the Malay newspaper has "Daily News"; in addition, there is the Tamil newspaper "Tamil Daily". The radio station started broadcasting in 1936 and has been broadcasting in Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil since January 1959. Radio Singapore owns and operates 12 domestic stations and 3 international stations. Singapore Television owns and operates 2 channels, one broadcasting Chinese programs and the other broadcasting English programs, broadcast 24 hours a day. 12 Television Sdn Bhd operates two channels, one mainly serving the Malay and Indian population, and the other mainly broadcasting sports and cultural programs. In 1995, the cable TV network was opened, allowing users to receive TV programs from more than 30 channels and more than 10 countries. Satellite TV was launched in 1995.

Diplomacy: Based on ASEAN, we will place maintaining ASEAN unity and cooperation and promoting ASEAN to play a greater role in regional affairs as an important position in our diplomatic work; facing Asia, focusing on developing relations with Asian countries, especially China and Japan. , South Korea, India and other countries; pursues the policy of "balance among major powers" and actively carries out economic diplomacy.

Relationships with China: On June 14, 1980, the Chinese government and the Singaporean government signed an agreement on mutual establishment of commercial representative offices in Beijing. In September of the following year, the commercial representative offices of the two countries were officially opened. On October 3, 1990, China and New Zealand established diplomatic relations.