Does anyone know the resume and thoughts of Thoreau, the author of Walden Lake?

Walden is a quiet book, a very quiet book, not a lively book. This is a lonely book, a lonely book. Just one person's book. If your heart doesn't calm down, I'm afraid it's hard for you to get into this book. What I want to tell you is that after your heart calms down, you will think about something. When you think about something, you can think about yourself and higher principles with this Mr. henry david thoreau.

This Mr. Thoreau is accompanied by loneliness. He is often just one person. He thinks there is no better companion than loneliness. His life is very simple and quiet.

181July 12 Thoreau was born in Concord; Attended and graduated from Harvard University (1833—1837); He returned to his hometown and taught for two years (1838- 1840). Then he lived in the home of the great writer and thinker Ralph Waldo Emerson (1841-1843), became a disciple and assistant, and began to try writing. At 1845, he was alone, with an axe, and ran into the uninhabited forest by Walden Lake. He lived alone until 1847 before returning to Cannes. 1848 He lived in Emerson's house again; In 1849, he finished a book called A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers. Almost at the same time, he published a very famous and influential paper called Civil Disobedience. Literally, this can also be translated into On the Disobedience of Citizens. We'll talk later. Then, 1854, our literary masterpiece Walden Lake was published. The book had some repercussions, but it was not big at first. As time goes by, its influence is growing. 1859, supporting the movement against slavery in the United States; When john brown, the leader of this movement, was arrested and sentenced to be hanged, he delivered a speech defending and appealing for Brown, and went to the church to ring the bell and hold a memorial service.

Then he suffered from lung disease, and the treatment was ineffective. 1862 died in Cannes at the age of 44. He left 39 volumes of diaries, arranged them for him and published them one after another. There are many published editions and anthologies.

His life is so simple and rich, and so lonely and fragrant. In other words, his life is not simple and lonely. His readers will find that his spiritual life is very rich and exquisite, which is rare in the world. Not many people associate with him, but many people are close to him.

He is very proud of his birthplace in Cannes, Malaysia. Cannes was the first city where the American War of Independence broke out. He said that what always surprised him was that he was "born in one of the most respected places in the world" and "the timing was just right", which coincided with the most active era of American intellectuals. On the American continent, the six states of "New England" where the earliest European immigrants once lived are the cradles of American culture. It was in Cannes, Massachusetts that the glorious torch of American spiritual life was lit. Little Cannes, picturesque.

Suddenly, four great writers appeared: Emerson, Hawthorne, alcott and Thoreau. 1834, Emerson settled in Cannes and gave a speech on American scholars at Harvard University. Emerson gave speeches, wrote articles, published books, and promoted outstanding people with typical foresight. He published a book "Outstanding People", which is his masterpiece. His call as a pioneer had a far-reaching impact on Thoreau.

Under the impetus of Emerson, Thoreau began to send poems and articles to sundial magazine. But a strict editor also rejected his manuscript many times. Thoreau also delivered a speech entitled "Society" at Cannes College, which slightly attracted the attention of the public. At 184 1, Emerson invited Thoreau to live in his house. At that time, Emerson publicized his idealistic transcendentalism and gathered a group of colleagues, just like running a transcendentalism club. But Thoreau did not consider himself a transcendentalist. In a diary, he wrote: "People often remind me to use their wonderful theories and all kinds of rhetoric to solve the problems of the universe, but it doesn't help me." I still go back to the endless sea of Wang Yang, where there are no islands and isolated islands, and continue to explore and find a bottom that can be moored and held. "

Thoreau's family was originally difficult, but he went to college and finished college.

Then his family thought he should go out and break into the world. But he would rather go home and teach in a private middle school in Cannes. Soon after, his brother John, who was only one year older than him, also came. Two people teach together. My brother teaches English and math, while my brother teaches classical literature, science and natural history. The students like them both very much. Henry also took students to travel on the river, have classes and have picnics outdoors, and let them receive life education with nature as the classroom and everything as the teaching material.

A friend once called Thoreau a "poet and naturalist", which is no exaggeration. His life knowledge is rich and profound. When he is lonely, the whole nature becomes his companion. According to Emerson's younger brother's memory, Thoreau's students told him that when Thoreau was giving a lecture, the students listened quietly, so quiet that they could hear clearly when a needle dropped in the classroom.

1839 In July, a girl of 17 years old, Allen Sival, came to Cannes and visited the Thoreau family. Henry wrote a poem on the day she arrived. Five days later, another sentence was added in the diary: "Love is incurable, but love is one of the most precious." This is probably written for Allen. Unexpectedly, John also fell in love with her, and things were complicated. Three people often walk together and row boats on the river. Climbing mountains to see the scenery and explore the forest, they also carved their initials on the trees. The conversation is almost endless, but this happy time is not long.

This spring, the two brothers built a boat. At the end of August, they traveled by boat along the Concord and Merrimack rivers. During the trip, everything was fine, but there were some subtle cracks between them, and nothing was said to each other. In fact, they became rivals in love. Later, John proposed to her, and she refused. Later, Henry also gave her a warm letter, and she returned him a cold letter. Soon after, Allen married a priest. This episode left a scar on Henry's mind. But then something completely unexpected happened. 1842 On New Year's Day, John accidentally cut the middle finger of his left hand while sharpening a knife on a piece of leather. He pricked it with a cloth, but it festered in two or three days, and his whole body ached. It's too late to see a doctor. He suffers from a disease of gritting his teeth and septicemia. He soon entered a state of dying. Ten days later, John died unexpectedly. This sudden incident gave Henry the heaviest blow. Although he tried to keep calm, he went home without saying a word. A week later, he also fell ill and his teeth seemed to be closed. Fortunately, he didn't get the disease, but he got a psychosomatic state caused by psychological pain. For three months, he was ill, and he appeared in the garden in mid-April, only to gradually recover.

That year, Henry wrote many poems in memory of John. In the poem "Brother, where are you", he asked: "Where should I go/find your figure? /Along the nearby river,/Can I still hear your voice? " The answer is that his brother and friend John has been integrated with nature. They took preventive measures. He took the face of nature as his own face and expressed his thoughts with natural expressions ... Nature took away his brother and John became a part of nature: from here on, Henry regained his confidence and happiness. He wrote in his diary: "The severity of the pain now also shows the sweetness of the past experience. How easy it is to think of happiness when you are sad! Bees don't make honey in winter, so they consume the honey. " During this time, he is recovering from illness and injury; Living in seclusion, preparing for the future, storing water and so on, can irrigate the land.

In another diary, he said, "I must admit that if you ask me what I have done for society and what good news I have sent to mankind, I am really shabby." There is no doubt that my poverty is not without reason, nor is my lack of achievement without reason. I just want to dedicate the wealth of my life to people and really give them the most precious gift. I will cultivate pearls in shells and brew the honey of life for them. I want sunshine for public welfare. I have no wealth to hide. I have nothing personal. My special duty is to serve the public. Only this function is my private property. Anyone can be naive and therefore rich. I tolerate and cultivate pearls until they become perfect. "

Thoreau lived in Emerson's house again after his recovery. Later, he went to new york and lived in Staton Island, Emerson's brother's home. He hopes to start his own literary career. Just because of his unique style, he is not liked by people and secular society, and it is not easy to make a living by writing. Soon after, he returned to his hometown. For a while, he helped his father make pencils, but he soon gave up this profitable business.

So in the autumn of 1844, Emerson bought a piece of land in Walden Lake. This year passed, and Thoreau got permission from the owner of this land to "live by the lake". Finally, he took a brave step, in his own words:

"1845 At the end of March, I borrowed an axe and went to the forest near Walden Lake. I got there.

Where we want to build a house, we will start to cut down some white pines, which are like arrows, towering into the sky, still young, be me.

Our building materials ... It's a happy spring day. People feel that the sad winter is melting like frozen soil, and the isolated life begins to stretch. "

On July 4th, it happened to be Independence Day, the National Day of the United States, and he lived in a wooden house by the lake he built. In this wooden house, in this forest by the lake, he observed, listened, felt, meditated and dreamed. He lived on his own for a little over two years.

He recorded his observations, and he analyzed the news, experiences and experiences he got from nature. His loneliness by the lake can never be regarded as a hermit's life. He is purposefully exploring life and criticizing people.

Life, inspire life, and expound higher life rules. Not negative, he is positive. Not running away.

In order to escape from life, he went to life, and in the middle, he also devoted himself to the political struggle at that time in his own unique way.

It happened one night, when he went into town to mend his shoes at a shoemaker's house, he was suddenly arrested and put in Cannes prison. The reason is that he refused to pay poll tax. He has refused to pay this tax for six years. He spent the night in prison and didn't care. The next day, he was released because someone paid the poll tax. After coming out, he went to the shoemaker's house to mend his shoes, put on his shoes, and ran to a high mountain a few miles away with a group of friends, roaming among the cranberries that the state government could not see there-this was his famous imprisonment.

In the first issue of Aesthetics published by 1849, a paper entitled "Rebelling against the Municipal Government" was published. 1866 (four years after his death), an American in Canada and his essays against slavery and reform were included in this article, and the title was changed to "On the Right of Civil Disobedience". There is quite a debate in the reading circle about which topic to use in this article, and some people specialize in this issue. Our country is generally used to the title of "passive resistance", which is inherited from the old and will not change. In this article, Thoreau did not call for any political action, which is one of the so-called "higher principles" he has always advocated. He believes that the government should naturally do things that are beneficial to the people, and it should not interfere with the people. But all governments have failed to do this, let alone the American government that preserved slavery, so he had to protest and resist this government and disobey it. He believes that if the government wants to force people to do things against their conscience, the people should have the right to resist it passively and resist it. This paper, Passive Resistance, first influenced the British Labor Party and Fabists, and later played a great role in the "non-cooperative movement" and "non-violence" of Indian Mahatma Gandhi's hunger strike against British imperialism. In 1960 Martin Luther king Jr. and the civil rights movement in Africa, it also played a great role in Tolstoy's Don't Fight Violence with Violence.

Thoreau opposed slavery all his life and helped slaves in the south escape to the free north more than once. After the passive resistance of 1845, he also wrote the article Slavery in Massachusetts (1854). He supported john brown with Emerson. 1859, 10, Brown was arrested for failing to attack Harper Ferry. 1 10, the criminal court sentenced Brown to hang. Thoreau delivered a speech entitled "Petition for john brown" at the city hall. After Brown's death, when a memorial service for Brown was not allowed in the local area, he went to the city hall to ring the bell and called the masses to hold a memorial service. Thoreau's series of articles and actions about Brown are all strong political words and deeds.

During this period, Thoreau suffered from tuberculosis and his health deteriorated obviously. Although I went to Minnesota, my condition didn't improve. He knew he was dying.

In the last two years, he calmly sorted out his diary manuscripts, selected some paragraphs from them to write articles and published them in Atlantic Monthly. He ended his life peacefully and died on May 6th, 862 at the age of 45.

Thoreau published only two books before his death. 1849, published a week on Concord and Merrimack at his own expense. He wrote this book in a wooden house near Walden Lake. The content is that the two brothers discussed history, philosophy and religion for a long time during their week of traveling on the two rivers.

His second book Walden Lake was published in 1854. It didn't get the attention it deserved. With the passage of time, this book has become more and more influential and has become a unique and outstanding masterpiece in American literature.

The above is just a brief introduction to Thoreau's life. Let's talk about his book.

Needless to say, Walden needs to be repeated. It is a lonely, quiet and intelligent book. It is unique in analyzing life and criticizing customs.

There are some difficulties in nature, and the author himself said, "Please forgive my obscurity." For example, Emerson's younger brother Edward asked him what the fable of lost hounds, chestnut horses and turtledoves meant. He asked, "Didn't you lose it?" But I never answered again. Some critics say that Thoreau lost a Allen (turtledove), a John (hound) and perhaps a Ralph (chestnut horse). Who can lose anything?

There are also many pages in this book, which are beautiful and meticulous, like the purity and transparency of the lake and the thick green of the forest; Some pages are thorough, incisive and enlightening. This book was written more than 100 years ago and has not lost its meaning so far. In the busy life during the day, I sometimes can't stand it. It seems that the book I like very much suddenly becomes less lovely and comforting. There seems to be no benefit, and it even makes me doubt. However, after dusk, my mood gradually became lonely and quiet. When I read this book again, I suddenly found it interesting. What I saw was the chapter where I couldn't see the benefits and taste during the day. The language is amazing, and every word flashes, which touches my heart and lungs. In the dead of night, when all is silent, this Walden Lake is not obscure, clear and clear, and people can't help but be fascinated by it.

It should be pointed out that this book is a healthy book, and its description of spring and dawn is extremely touching. Reading and reading, you will naturally realize that an upward spirit will constantly promote and improve readers. The book is already in front of the readers, and I don't need to say anything more, because even the best book can't compare with the readers who read it directly.

It is often said that writers should find a quiet and elegant place to create; Believe, but not necessarily. On the contrary, I think reading really needs a quiet and good environment, especially reading a good book needs a highly concentrated mental state. What readers need most is a simple and indifferent heart. If reading Walden can arouse readers' interest in a beautiful and pollution-free place, it is more appropriate to read it in such a place.

In recent years, Thoreau's books have gained more attention in the western world. Serious pollution makes people yearn for the fresh air of Walden Lake and mountains. Thoreau can start with necessities such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, fuel and so on, and take economy as the opening of this book. He advocates practice and contains simple materialism.

(Walden Lake, by henry david thoreau, published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House)