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English: Alaskan Malamute, Alaskan Malamute, Malamou, Alaska English: Alaskan Malamute nickname: Malaysia; Biological classification of Maly: Canidae, Canidae, Wolverine, Domestic Dog Subspecies Classification: Sharp-billed Primitive Dog (FCI)/ Working Dog (AKC) The name of Alaskan Malamute has a long history. When the Russians were sailing in the Bering Strait, they were blown to this land in northern Siberia by the storm. When the sailors returned to Russia, they told other Russians about the impression they had made here, including Alaskan sled dogs. In the modern dog show, Alaskan sled dogs are divided into Spitz and Primitive Type (FCI) or Working Dog Group (AKC).

Development history

early stage

Alaskan sled dogs can be found in the records of the first North American immigrants. This kind of dog is a well-proportioned dog with tenacious spirit and endurance.

Alaskan Malamute likes outdoor sports. In the days when sledding was used, the Miao people in Riimala already had this strong dog that could travel in the Arctic snow. They also use this dog to hunt animals such as polar bears and wolves, and also use it to protect reindeer. Alaskan Malamute is famous for its strength and endurance. After white people gradually enter the Arctic Circle, they are often used to explore the North and South poles.

With the discovery of America and the conquest of Alaska, whites began to cross dogs in the Arctic Circle with foreign dogs. Just as they did in Greenland and Labrador, Siberia and other polar regions. The most threatening period for Alaskan sled dogs is 1909~ 19 18, and this crisis comes from human greed. At that time, betting on dogs in Alaska became more and more popular. In order to find a better, faster and more beautiful dog, many racers tried to mate Arctic dogs with foreign dogs, but the result backfired. This period was later called "the decline period of Arctic sled dogs".

Development at the beginning of the twentieth century

Due to mutual mating with imported breeds, the original native breeds mixed the genes of various foreign dogs, and the traditional purebred Alaskan sled dogs were almost extinct. In the first 20 years of the 20th century, with the popularity of sled dog racing in North America, Americans realized that it was necessary to find their native Alaskan sled dogs. 1926, American sled dog lovers began to systematically select pure Alaskan sled dogs on the basis of local sled dogs and huskies. After nearly ten years of breeding and development, from 65438 to 0935, the American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognized Alaskan Malamute as a dog breed.

Contemporary development

After being confirmed as a dog breed, dog owners continue to screen and improve. After the 1980s,

The Alaskan sled dog, which is closest to the recognition of sled dog lovers, has basically taken shape. 1994, American kennel club revised and passed the current breed breeding standard of Alaskan sled dogs, which was recognized by the World Canine Federation (FCI) in 1996 and became the standard of FCI Alaskan sled dogs. Nowadays, in order to let Alaskan sled dogs continue to "return to their old jobs" in urban life, so that they do not have the ability to pull sleds by pulling carts, the United States, Britain and other places hold dog pulling competitions every year. These dogs live up to expectations. In every performance and competition, they only need two pairs of dogs to cooperate with each other to pull a car carrying two adults very fast, and even people often turn over because of poor braking when turning.

condition

Alaskan sled dogs have lived in the cold north for many years, and their origin has always been regarded as a mystery. Ever since the white people conquered Alaska, sled-pulling and flying Alaskan sled dogs have become the focus of attention. People envy their team spirit and courage of self-sacrifice. Therefore, sled racing was popular in the United States at that time. Running in the ice and snow is difficult, but it is exciting. Alaskan Malamute dogs have rescued victims from unexpected accidents in competitions many times. Now, Alaskan Malamute has left the cold north and gradually entered people's lives, becoming a pet dog at home. Although they are huge, in many ways, they will be exquisite. So many people praise him, saying that he is a big man with rough appearance and gentle heart. Alaskan Malamute is stubborn. If you are its owner, it will stubbornly remain loyal to you, and they will bravely face possible dangers, just like brave soldiers. However, because of its large size and heavy weight, it is not suitable to stay with children. It is not that its unstable temperament may hurt children, but that its weight is too heavy for an adult, let alone a baby, so families with babies must pay attention. 1.

Body size specification

According to AKC's description,

standard

Alaskan Malamute should be golden in shape: the male dog is 25 inches (63.5 cm) in shoulder height and weighs 85 pounds (39 kg); The bitch is 23 inches (58.4 cm) in shoulder height and weighs 75 pounds (34 kg). Generally, the shoulder height of male adult dogs is 22 inches (55.9 cm) to 27 inches (68.6 cm), and that of female adult dogs is 265,438+0 inches (53.3 cm) to 25 inches (63.5 cm). At the same time, individuals weighing more than 465,438+0 kg or less than 34 kg are very common. Occasionally, male individuals weighing more than 120 pounds (54 kilograms) can be seen, and some breeders who have specially raised dogs with extremely large size refer to these large populations as "giant sled dogs". Although AKC and FCI do not stipulate the upper limit of the size of Alaskan Malamute, such individuals are not considered as pure Alaskan Malamute due to the adverse effects on their bones and physical development. This situation is not common. This kind of dog is mainly produced by breeders who sell "giant sled dogs". These large sizes do not meet the historical or exhibition standards of this variety. )

coating

The hair of Alaskan Malamute is a kind of "thick and polar" double-layer hair. The inner layer is rich in fluff, and the outer layer is hard needle-like hair, which is similar to husky coat in general, but slightly rougher than husky coat to some extent. External needle-like hair should not be too long or too soft, which is regarded as a defect. The common colors of coat are the combination of white and smoky gray, black, sable, red, sand and other colors, and colors other than white are acceptable regardless of depth. The hair lines on his face often show a cross with white eyebrows or all white eyebrows and all the appearances between them. There is no substantial difference in coat color between Alaskan Malamute and husky. In some giant populations specially selected by some breeders in some areas, there are also long coats that do not conform to the polar characteristics. AKC and FCI don't accept people with long hair. Although it does not meet the standards of purebred dogs and cannot compete, the appearance of long-haired individuals is also loved by some owners in some areas. Because the hair quality of long-haired individuals is much worse than that of normal coated individuals, the breeding association of purebred dogs does not encourage such breeding.

3. Structure

Evaluating whether an Alaskan sled dog is excellent in the dog show mainly depends on whether its structure meets the requirements of dragging heavy objects as a sled dog, and other evaluation requirements are secondary to everything else. Therefore, an Alaskan sled dog needs to have a strong body. The legs of Alaskan Malamute must have a strong driving force. When standing or exercising, any defects in the front and rear legs and feet will be regarded as serious defects.

4. Head

The head is wide and deep, does not appear rough or clumsy, and is in proportion to the body. Soft expression and full of friendship. The eyes are slightly inclined at the head, and the eyes are brown, almond-shaped and of medium size. The darker the eyes, the better. Blue eyes are disqualified. Ears are moderate in size, but slightly smaller than the head. The ears are triangular with a slightly rounded top. The ears are very open, located behind the outside of the head and in line with the outer corner of the eye. When your ears stand up, it's like standing on your head. The upright ears may lean forward slightly, but when the dog is working, sometimes the ears bend to the head. Too high an ear position is a defect. The head between the ears is wide and slightly raised, gradually narrowing and flattening from the top of the head to the eyes, and the part near the cheek becomes relatively flat. There are slight wrinkles between the eyes. The outline of the head and the outline of the nose and mouth are like two straight lines folded down slightly. Compared with the head, the muzzle is long and large, and the width and depth gradually decrease from the position where it is combined with the head to the direction of the nose mirror. Except for dogs with red fur, dogs with other colors should have black noses, eyes and lips. A dog with red fur is allowed to have a brown nose, eyes and lips. A "snow nose" with light stripes is allowed. Close your lips. The upper and lower jaws are wide and the teeth are huge. Occlusion and occlusion are scissors-shaped, and maxillary protrusion or mandibular protrusion are defects.

5. The difference between Alaskan sled dogs and huskies.

Alaskan Malamute and Husky (Siberian Malamute)

Alaskan Malamute can run fast.

They are considered very similar to each other. They are both primitive dogs and working dogs, and they are required to be neat, light and elegant on the whole. Compact body, thick coat, upright ears, smooth tip of ears, thick ear wall, almond eyes, medium size. The muzzle is neither long nor sharp, nor short and wide, with clear stop, straight back lines, medium chest depth and slightly protruding abdomen. The tail root is not too high or too low, and there are soft hairs on the tail, which are rolled back into a sickle-shaped curve. The limbs are developed, the bones are strong and the muscles are developed, and they are weighed. There is abundant hair between the toes and the meat pad. The meat pad is tight and thick. When the dog stands naturally, it is parallel and straight, and its elbows and knees cannot be everted or everted. Chest, neck and ears should not be too long. The colors are pure white, red to black to blue. But the body is covered with discontinuous colors or uneven spots, which is a defect. Their main differences are as follows-1. Alaskan sled dogs belong to large dogs and huskies belong to medium dogs. The average shoulder height of Alaskan Malamute is about 10cm higher than that of huskies, and its weight is about 10kg. 2. Eyes Alaska sled dogs can't accept blue eyes, while huskies are allowed to have one eye or blue eyes. 3. Ears Alaskan Malamute's ears are very open and outward, and huskies' ears are close together and located in a higher position on the head. Alaskan Malamute's ears are too big, too high and too close, while husky's ears are too open and too big. 4. Alaskan Malamute's tail is upturned and rolled on his back in most cases, especially at work. In the description of AKC breed standard, the tail of Alaskan Malamute is described as "a dancing feather". Husky's tail is not curly, and it is often straight when wagging, like a round brush. 5. In terms of personality, it is generally believed that Alaskan Malamute is more honest and stable than Husky. In contrast, most huskies are neurotic, and their enthusiasm for human beings is often exaggerated. At the same time, huskies are more original, more independent and more curious. Both sled dogs are considered as dogs that don't like barking. Even if they bark occasionally, most of these two sled dogs use long howling. However, the barking index of Alaskan sled dogs will be relatively high; The husky, almost inaudible to humans, makes the "woof-woof" sound that Alaskan sled dogs occasionally make.