Comparison of national strength between China and the United States

The Institute of World Economics and Politics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Social Science Literature Publishing House released the Yellow Book on the International Situation in Beijing yesterday. In the report "Global Politics and Security" (20 10), the comprehensive national strength of1country (including seven western countries and BRIC countries) was analyzed and evaluated, and China ranked seventh. 1 1 The ranking order of comprehensive national strength is: the United States, Japan, Germany, Canada, France, Russia, China, Britain, India, Italy and Brazil. The evaluation index system includes five direct elements: land and resources, population, economy, military and science and technology, and four influencing factors: social development, sustainability, security, domestic politics and international contribution. The latest ranking of the world's comprehensive national strength in 2009: China ranked fourth < 1 > Needless to say, the United States is the world hegemon and the only country that dares to take the world by storm.

< 2 > Japan ranks second in the world in terms of gross national product, foreign exchange reserves, foreign trade volume, per capita gross national product, higher education strength, seventh military strength and five military potentials. Japan's advantages are almost directly reflected in the economy and the science and technology supported by the economy, so once Japan's gross national product ranking drops, its comprehensive national strength ranking will also drop sharply. In the past few decades, Japan's gross national product has been ranked second or third in the world, and it has accumulated abundant capital (bank deposits, gold, foreign exchange reserves, fixed assets (mainly construction)), so Japan's status as a big country can be maintained for more than 10 years; By the end of 2020, Japan's gross national product will be out of the top five, foreign exchange reserves will be out of the top three, and foreign trade volume will be out of the top four, and Japan's status as a big country will basically end. The most important force to end Japan's status as a great power may not be the future three superpowers (China, the United States and Russia), but Australia, which relies on most of Japan's resources.

Military: (1) The Japanese government's "three non-nuclear principles": not to manufacture, possess or introduce nuclear weapons. (2) Weapons and equipment: Japan's active F- 15J fighter, F-2 fighter, C- 130 transport aircraft and E-767 early warning aircraft all have aerial refueling capability.

< 3 > With the slight appreciation of the euro against the US dollar and certain economic growth, Germany has been the world export champion for many years and maintained a huge trade surplus. In 20 16, Germany's gross national product will rank third in the world (surpassing Japan, next to the United States and China), and its foreign trade volume is expected to rank second in the world (surpassing the United States, next to China). With the slight decline of France's influence, as the most powerful country in the European Union, Germany's political and economic status is bound to become increasingly prominent in the world. Education has always been ahead of the world, and has cultivated world-class great men such as Kant, Beethoven, Hegel, Marx, Engels and Einstein.

< 4 > China (1) From 2009, China will become the first engine of the world economy (the negative impact of the US subprime mortgage crisis on the economies of the United States and the European Union is higher than that on China, making China the first engine of the world economy two years ahead of schedule), and China will also become strong in key fields such as finance, national defense and aerospace science and technology. At the end of 20 1 1, the military strength is the second in the world (compared with Russia, the offensive ability is comparable-China emphasizes national defense more), the gross national product is the second in the world, the foreign exchange reserves are the first in the world (China's foreign exchange reserves will exceed the sum of the foreign exchange reserves of the other nine countries in the world 10), and the domestic market is the third in the world (after the European Union and the United States). The scientific and technological strength ranks second in the world (aerospace science and technology, military science and technology, nuclear science and technology, electronic information technology and other core fields rank second in the world, and ship science and technology ranks first in the world), accounting for the second largest proportion of global top 500 enterprises (after the United States), the world's largest population, the world's largest number of college students (more than 30 million) and the world's largest gold medal (a symbol of sports superpower status). Among the top ten ports in the world, China has more than five ports: Shanghai, Hongkong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Qingdao and Tianjin. Economically, it forms a world economic triangle with the European Union and the United States; Militarily, it has formed a world military triangle with the United States and Russia, and its status as a superpower has begun to emerge. However, at that time, China was only at the advanced stage of a medium-sized developing country, and the advantages of the EU and the United States were relatively large. There was still a long way to go before it could surpass the United States and become the world's first superpower, or even surpass the EU.

⑤ The rapid rise of oil and gas prices in Russia is an important foundation for the rapid economic growth in Russia. In the first quarter of 2008, the foreign trade volume was US$ 6,543.8+US$ 063.3 billion, up 55.8% year-on-year. The foreign trade surplus was $53.6 billion, an increase of 60% over the same period last year. Moscow has become the first choice for European real estate developers to invest in Europe. By the end of 20 12, Russia's foreign exchange reserves will surpass Japan, ranking second in the world; The export volume will rise to the fifth place in the world (after China, German, American and Japanese). There is 20 14 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia; Putin is an excellent historian and an excellent futurist. If Russia continues to follow Putin's route, by the end of 20 15, Russia will develop into a moderately developed country, with a gross national product equivalent to that of Italy, the seventh in the world. By the end of 2020, the gross national product will be in the top five in the world, and its comprehensive national strength will be equivalent to that of the United States.

< 6 > At present, the computer system in the world relies heavily on English, and the United States will remain the world's first superpower in the next five years, and Britain will also become one of the world's second superpowers, so English and Chinese will become the two most important languages in the world, and Britain has language advantages; British immigrants and their descendants account for the absolute proportion of the population in the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries; The increasingly prominent position of the world finance also makes London, the world financial center, more and more influential. With the help of London Olympic Games (20 12 London Olympic Games is one of the most important conditions for Britain's comprehensive national strength to leap from quantity to quality), the development prospect of Britain deserves attention.

[7] France is the second nuclear power in the world after the United States, and has advantages in tourism, military science and technology and culture. If we can continue to maintain good relations with China, we will be in an advantageous position in the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution in the world from 2013 to 2020, and even have the opportunity to catch up with Germany in terms of gross national product and comprehensive national strength, but now there is a crisis in Sino-French relations.

[8] Canada is the only net oil exporter among the seven developed countries; Uranium reserves rank second in the world; Mutual largest trading partner with the United States; It is recognized as one of the countries with good immigration policies in the world; Global warming has greatly increased the exploitable space in Canada. If the Arctic Ocean waterway is opened, Canada may achieve a rapid leap.

< 9 > India is the second most populous country in the world, and also the second or third largest software country in the world, and its comprehensive national strength is rapidly increasing, second only to China and Russia. By the end of 20 12, India will grow into one of the six superpowers in the world.

Military: India has been maintaining huge military purchases, and plans to purchase more than $30 billion in military hardware and software in the next five years; It is said that India considers itself the first military power in Asia.

< 10 > Brazil is the fifth most populous country in the world, the fifth largest country in land area, an important exporter of important resources and energy such as iron ore and oil, and owns Vale do Brasil, the world's largest iron ore producer, which holds about 4 billion tons of iron ore. Coffee production ranks first in the world; It has the largest plateau (Brazil Plateau), the largest plain (Amazon Plain), the largest river basin (Amazon River) and the largest tropical rain forest (Amazon Rainforest) in the world. By the end of 20 12, Brazil will develop into the strongest country in Latin America, Africa and Oceania in the southern hemisphere.