Lan Fang's Related Historical Stories

In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772), Luo Fangbo decided to go to Nanyang, when he was 35 years old. According to historical records, Luo Fangbo, a Hakka, is a natural leader. He is "less curious and heroic, and he is happy to be chivalrous and righteous." When he was young, he made a youth tour in the village, and his partners were very obedient.

Deciding to go to Nanyang is naturally a matter for the villagers, because Meizhou is a "hometown where people yearn for Li Hai" and "people with lofty ideals strive for overseas seas" has become a common practice since ancient times. Luo Fangbo also studied, but he didn't get much fame and went to Nanyang instead. However, this road is not a broad road. First of all, the government won't allow it. Since the Ming emperor ordered the sea ban, it has been relaxed. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court once again strictly banned the sea in order to cut off the anti-Qing forces along the southeast coast. This time, the sea ban is not only "no access to the sea", but also moves coastal residents inward and sets up border defense. After the Qing Dynasty, the Taiwan Province Zheng Group relaxed the maritime ban, but only allowed maritime trade at most. Before 1860, overseas migration was never prohibited. At that time, it was already the Xianfeng period, and the influence of foreigners had entered the country.

On the other hand, the place where Luo Fangbo is going is not heaven. At that time, Indonesia was under the rule of the Netherlands, and the "Red Creek Massacre" occurred only for more than 30 years.

The Dutch entered Indonesia from 1596. Their attitude towards overseas Chinese has undergone several changes. When they just occupied Jakarta (later renamed Batavia by the Dutch), they saw that "there are only a few Javanese in the city", and a few Dutch residents who settled there were "too lazy to be surprised", but the overseas Chinese there, in the words of a Dutch official, were "honest businessmen, good at calculation and more adaptable to the harsh environment than any other ethnic group." Therefore, the Dutch East India Company initially encouraged and strongly attracted China people to enter the country, and instructed the Dutch fleet to "attract a large number of China people, especially carpenters, loggers and fishermen, and asked fishermen to carry fishing nets with them."

However, in China, the number of immigrants increased greatly, and after the business conflict with Dutch immigrants, the Dutch began to set restrictions on China people. After 1683, overseas Chinese with pigtails were prohibited from entering the country, and the poll tax was greatly increased for settled overseas Chinese. However, these bans are not really enforced. On the contrary, Dutch officials and local China leaders got a lot of money from stowaways, and even China ships carrying these immigrants from China benefited from it. "Xinqiao passengers have to pay freight when they go south by boat." 1738, the Dutch began to issue residence permits to overseas Chinese, each in 2 yuan. Overseas Chinese who can't afford to pay are fleeing everywhere, and those who are caught are put into hard labor. 1740, the Dutch authorities arrested people wearing black clothes because China people liked to wear black clothes, which eventually aroused the resistance of China people and turned into a bloody massacre of Chinese.

The incident created by the Dutch actually hit their own interests. After the tragedy, Batavia and other parts of the Netherlands fell into depression, and their governor, Wohlgang Niye, was dismissed, investigated and imprisoned. The Dutch had to attract immigrants from China again. In the second year after the tragedy, China merchant ships began to sail to Batavia again. There were five merchant ships from China in 1743, and it increased to 14 in 1744, which broke the quota of manned ships for many times. For example, for the five ships that arrived at 1754, the officially registered number of passengers was 1928, but actually there were as many as 4,608. There are also countless illegal immigrants landing from small islands outside Hong Kong. Scholar Zhu described the internal cause in his book Overseas Immigrants in China: A Historical Study of International Immigrants: the population pressure in Guangdong and Fujian provinces. 138 1 year, the population of Guangdong was 365,438+million, and the population of Fujian was 3.84 million, which was the late Ming Dynasty. By 1626, the population of Guangdong and Fujian will be 4 140 and 5.53 million respectively. At the same time, population density has increased. 138 1 and 149 1 year, the population density in Guangdong increased from 14 to 17, and that in Fujian increased from 3 1 to 4 1. In the early Qing dynasty, it was still "the land is narrow and the people are thick, and the millet is raised outside." Just when Luo Fangbo and his fellow villagers decided to go to Nanyang, a large number of Hakkas from Guangdong and Fujian were heading inland, heading north and west to fill Sichuan, which was deserted by the war. The motivation driving them to emigrate is actually the same as Luo Fangbo's. Luo Fangbo is not going to Batavia, but to West Borneo. It is reported that a gold mine has been discovered. Go to Nanyang for gold-there is nothing more attractive. Luo Fangbo's route to the sea is through Qiling, Laolong and Dongjiang to Shi Yang. Finally, Luo Fangbo led 100 villagers to board the boat from Humen. Haikou, which was famous for Lin Zexu burning opium 68 years later, has been one of the distribution centers of Lower Nanyang since ancient times.

Some people say that Doris once sent someone to the Qing court to ask to enter the DPRK. At that time, Qianlong did not meet them, but sent a VIP to meet them. However, Li, a professor at Nanyang Research Institute of Xiamen University, believes that Doris is more likely to die somewhere in Nanyang. When I first arrived in West Borneo, the port of Kundian had not been developed, and Luo Fangbo landed from a place called Sanfa. Here, "but see the long forest and lush grass, as far as the eye can see", the local aborigines all make a living by hunting and picking wild fruits, and the whole place is wild. But in Luo Fangbo's eyes, this place is "an endless land, the so-called land of abundance". Before Luo Fangbo arrived, there were already several groups of China people here. In the Annals of Lanfang Company handed down by Lanfang Company, it was described that there was "Jusheng Company and its surroundings" in Kundian at that time. It is Chaoshan people who have the upper hand in the local area. These China immigrants from Chaoyang and Jieyang were called "Fulao", and they occupied the gold mine in Macau, East Lv Wanhe. In another place called Huang Ming, the gold mine was opened by people in dapu county, chaozhou people. Unlike other places in Chaozhou, people in Tai Po are Hakkas. Hakka people from Jiaying (now Meizhou) are scattered in various mines and bullied by Chaoshan people.

The arrival of Luo Fangbo has made the Hakkas here feel like big bosses. According to the description in the chronicle, Luo Fangbo was born with a "tiger head, face, long ears and square mouth" and could not see the joys and sorrows. Overseas Chinese "all value him very much."

Popular, Luo Fangbo is determined to open up a safe place for the villagers. So he invited more than 100 villagers, set out at night, and arrived at a place called Shanxin at dawn, where Tai Po people also opened gold mines, led by Zhang Acai.

Zhang Acai saw that 100 many people were called lesbians and ran away in a flurry. Luo Fangbo hurried forward and said in Hakka, We are all good brothers! Why can't we run this place together? Since then, they have settled in the mountain, mined, built houses and built fences, and the Hakkas around them have taken refuge. They set up "Lanfang Company", set their headquarters in East Lv Wan, built houses and shops nearby, and became a small China city.

At that time, there was a place nearby called Maoen, and China people headed by Huang Guibo were Chaoshan people. His "Gong Ye" is called Jiang, and he is from Jiaying House in Luo Fangbo. Luo Fangbo sent a man named Liu Tai, hid a letter in a hat and brought it to Chiang, who was closely related to him, and won Mao En in one fell swoop. As a result, the surrounding areas shook passively, and a series of China troops nearby surrendered.

However, there is still a China person named Liu Ganxiang who refuses to accept it. Under his command, more than 500 people occupied Huang Ming. He not only refuses to accept it, but also wants to annex Doris. This is destined to be a battle. At that time, Luo Fangbo mobilized in the battle and said: Destroy Liu Ganxiang, and then we will have breakfast! Luo Zhongjiang broke Xiang Liuzhai early and threw himself into the sea. This battle is called "the first bloody battle" in the history of Lanfang Company.

However, at this time, the battle of "Lanfang" was not over yet. If we want to expand our sphere of influence, we must form an alliance. Luo Fangbo and the Malay Sultan (leader) of Kundian began to walk. The Sudanese people rebelled, and Luo Fangbo sent troops to help put it down. Thanks to the Sudan, the two became brothers. Therefore, when Luo Fangbo and the local aborigines have another war, Sudan will stand on his side. The biggest battle led by Luo Fangbo was to compete with the aborigines for the new port. The war lasted for nine months. Finally, the indigenous people asked Sudan to redraw the land boundary and bury bamboo piles as evidence. Since then, the foundation of "Lanfang" has finally been solid.

For this battle, Luo Fangbo also ran out of energy. A year later, Luo died at the age of 58. When Luo Fangbo was alive, there was one thing: Luo Fangbo sent a man named Huang An Bajiang Zhenping (now Jiaoling County, Meizhou City) to buy food with gold and silver jewelry donated by Mrs. Luo Fangbo, but Huang An Ba ran away with the money. Luo Fangbo swore that in the future, Lanfang's Taige post could only be succeeded by Jiaying House, and the deputy leader would be taken over by Tai Po people. The leaders of other places, brother and old lady, are not limited to regions. Let's talk about the "Lanfang" system here.

Later generations talked about Lanfang, many people praised it as the first harmonious country of China people, because Lanfang was founded in 1777, only one year later than the founding of the United States. On the other hand, Lan Fang practices a democratic system, and its leaders are elected by popular vote.

In the yearbook, we talked about the treatment of these leaders. From the eldest brother to the deputy head of the township, all the officials, eldest brother and old lady are paid, just like the squire and grandfather in the village, they don't take money.

The operating funds of the "Lanfang" regime come from the taxes paid by its members. For example, gold mining should pay "imitation gold", farming should pay "money from crows and rice suckers", and business should also pay taxes. There is no exact figure for the population of Lanfang. According to the yearbook, there are more than 20,000 people, and some people say that there are1200,000 people.

In addition to resisting foreign enemies and collecting taxes, another major task of Lan Fangguan is to solve crimes. If someone commits a felony, such as murder, they will be beheaded. If there is a fight, they will smoke vines. If they just quarrel, they will be given a red silk candle as a gift. The way they do these things is similar to the way rural clan elders solve disputes. According to the yearbook, in the era of Luo Fang Bo, the Dutch forces had not yet come in, and the laws were all decided by Rotego.

After Luo Fangbo died, Jiang Ebo was elected as Tiger's successor. Jiang, a native of Jiaying Prefecture (now Meizhou) in Luo Fangbo, is a man of high martial arts and loyalty. After him, there was 1 1 tiger, two of whom were re-elected. Starting from the sixth Liu Taier, Brother Tai changed his name to Jiatai.

Jiatai is an official title granted by the Dutch, that is to say, from now on, the leader of Lanfang must be elected by his own people and recognized by the Dutch. The deputy team leader was also renamed Jia. Since then, the Dutch have become more and more powerful, and Lanfang Company has to pay taxes to the Dutch-of course, the tax rate is negotiable, and the Dutch will leave some for Lanfang Company. It was this Liu Taier who was once locked up and dismissed by his people because he was accused of colluding with the Dutch.

A Dutch scholar, Grut, was working in Indonesia at that time. In the last few years of Lanfang Company, Gao Ting had many contacts with Liu Asheng, the last wife of Lanfang Company. In the second year after Lanfang Company was dissolved by the Dutch, he wrote a book "China Company System in Borneo", in which he wrote his understanding of Lanfang and criticized the Dutch colonial authorities. In his view, Lanfang Company is consistent with the village community autonomy of China rural elders and squires who manage public affairs according to people's wishes, and Lanfang is a "justified oligarch and country". Maybe from then on, some people began to call Doris and China. Lanfang people themselves have never claimed to be like this. When Luo Fangbo was alive, something happened: Luo Fangbo sent a man named Ba from Zhenping, Guangdong Province (now Jiaoling County, Meizhou City) and took Mrs. Luo Fangbo to donate gold and silver jewelry to buy food. Pakistan actually absconded with money. Luo Fangbo vowed that in the future, the post of "Taige" can only be taken over by people from Jiaying State, while the deputy leader will be taken over by people from Tai Po. Head, tail elder brother, the position of the old lady in other places is not limited to the region. Let's talk about the system of "Lanfang" here.

Later generations talked about Lanfang, and many people praised it as "the first * * * Republic of China", because the "Lanfang General Military System" was founded in 1777, only one year later than the founding of the United States. On the other hand, Lan Fang practices a democratic system, and its leaders are elected by popular vote.

In the yearbook, we talked about the treatment of these leaders. From the eldest brother to the deputy head of the township, the officials, eldest brother and old lady, who are paid, are all obliged, just like the country squire and grandfather, who don't take money.

The operating funds of the "Lanfang" regime come from the taxes paid by its members. For example, those who open gold mines have to pay "imitation gold", those who farm land have to pay "cigar smoke, rice and tobacco use money", and those who do business have to pay taxes. What is the population of Lanfang? There are no exact figures. The yearbook says there are more than 20 thousand people, but some people say there are1200 thousand.

In addition to resisting foreign enemies and collecting taxes, another major task of Lan Fang officials is to solve crimes. If someone commits a felony, such as murder, they will be beheaded. If they fight, they will smoke vines. If it's just a quarrel, HongLing will be awarded candle compensation. These things they do are actually similar to the way clan elders solve disputes in rural areas. According to the yearbook, in the era of Luo Fangbo, before the Dutch forces came in, Rotego had the final say in laws and regulations.

After Luo Fangbo's death, Jiang was elected as Tiger's successor. Jiang, a native of Jiaying County, Luo Fangbo (now Meizhou), is a man of high martial arts and loyalty. After him, there were eleven Tiger, two of whom were re-elected. Starting from the sixth Liu Taier, Taige changed its name to "Jiatai".

"Jiatai" is an official title granted by the owner of the Netherlands. In other words, from now on, the leader of Doris must be elected by her own people and recognized by the Dutch. The deputy team leader was also renamed "Jia". Since then, the influence of the Dutch has become more and more powerful, and Doris has to pay taxes to the Dutch-of course, the tax rate is negotiable, and the Dutch will leave some for Doris. It was this Liu Taier who was once locked up and dismissed by his people because he was accused of colluding with the Dutch.

At that time, a Dutch scholar, Grut, worked in Indonesia. In the last few years of Lanfang Company, Gao Ting had many contacts with Liu Asheng, the last wife of Lanfang Company. In the second year after Lanfang Company was dissolved by the Dutch, he wrote a book "China Company System in Borneo", in which he wrote his understanding of Lanfang and criticized the Dutch colonial authorities. In his view, Lanfang Company is consistent with the village community autonomy of the elders and squires who manage public affairs according to the wishes of the people in rural China, and Lanfang is a "justified oligarch and country". Maybe from then on, some people began to call Doris Company "Doris and China". And Doris herself has never claimed to be like this.