What kind of ups and downs did the Koguryo dynasty experience?

In the northeast of ancient China, Koguryo, Baekje and Silla were called the Three Kingdoms Period of Korea. They were mainly husband and wife, and later absorbed some people, including ancient Korean adherents and Sanhan people.

According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Heritage of the Three Kingdoms, in 37 BC, Zhu Meng, the king of Fuyu, fled Fuyu to establish Koguryo because he was at odds with other princes.

In fact, Koguryo was established as early as the 2nd century BC. Koguryo, as a geographical term of 1 13 BC, appeared in Hanshu. Accordingly, Koguryo was built in 37 BC or in the middle of BC 1 century.

It is speculated that Koguryo people may be composed of people who moved to this area, and some of them moved to this area in the early days of political establishment.

At first, the word "Yi people" did not refer to a definite national entity, but only to some ancient tribes in this specific area of Northeast China.

Koguryo was in a state of military confrontation with Fuyu for a long time at the beginning of its establishment. Fuxi had a very friendly relationship with the Central Plains Dynasty. In order to contain the aggressive Koguryo regime in the growing period, Wang Jin and Fuxi in the Central Plains often fought against Koguryo militarily, and related records appeared from time to time in the Records of the Three Kingdoms and Hanshu.

During the Three Kingdoms period and the reign of Emperor Taizu of Koguryo, Koguryo expanded rapidly from several early tribal countries to the Hanjiang River Basin.

In 53 A.D., Emperor Taizu of Koguryo set five tribes scattered in Koguryo as five provinces and implemented centralized rule.

In 56 AD, Taizu annexed Dongwo Residence. Later, it annexed part of Dongling. Subsequently, Goguryeo attacked Lelang County, Xuantu County and Liaodong, completely getting rid of the control of the Han Dynasty.

The expansion and centralization of Koguryo led to a direct armed conflict with the Han Dynasty. The military pressure of the Han Dynasty forced Koguryo to move to Marukou, the capital.

After the demise of the Han Dynasty, Liaodong County was controlled by militant local tyrants. Koguryo took the initiative to attack Liaodong County with the newly established Cao Wei Alliance.

After Cao Wei captured Liaodong, Goguryeo stopped cooperating with Cao Wei and sent troops to attack the western part of Liaodong. In 244, Cao Wei counterattacked and destroyed Malukou City. King Koguryo Dongchuan fled to Wozhou.

After Cao Wei destroyed Maruko, he thought Koguryo was doomed, so he quickly evacuated. However, in just 70 years, Koguryo rebuilt Marukou and began to attack Liaodong, Le Lang and Xuantu.

In 3 13, King Yokai of Koguryo annexed Lelang County, the last county of the original four counties in the Han Dynasty, entered and controlled most of the northern part of the Korean Peninsula from the northeast, and began a fierce military confrontation with Baekje and Silla.

Goguryeo's expansion was not smooth sailing. In 342, Maruko was attacked by Yan Qian. In 37 1 year, Baekje near Xiaoguwang attacked Pyongyang, the largest city in Koguryo, and killed the former Koguryo king on the battlefield.

After Lin Wang, a small animal of Koguryo, succeeded to the throne, he began to strengthen the stability and unity of Koguryo and introduced a new law.

In 372, Goguryeo introduced Buddhism as the state religion from the Central Plains, and established a national educational institution-Taixue according to the Central Plains system. At the same time, Koguryo's army has also been reformed.

In 589, after the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen Nan and unified China, it began to demand neighboring countries to become its vassals, which was recognized by most countries. Only Koguryo is obedient to this.

In 598, Koguryo pre-emptively attacked western Liaoning, which triggered the first war between Koguryo and Sui. When Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was ready to make the Central Plains soldiers apologize, King Goguryeo hurriedly apologized, calling himself "scum of Liaodong" and was pardoned.

However, Goguryeo is still connected with anti-Sui forces everywhere. When Yang Di discovered Goguryeo's envoy in Turkic Khan, he began to realize that Goguryeo was a potential frontier disaster in the Central Plains, so he broke out war with Goguryeo.

In 6 12, the Sui Dynasty attacked Koguryo by land and sea at the same time. However, due to Yang Di's incompetent command, the 300,000 troops crossing the Liaohe River were almost wiped out.

In 6 13 and 6 14, the Sui Dynasty attacked Koguryo again, but these two campaigns against Koguryo were forced to stop because of Yang Xuangan's uprising against Emperor Yang Di and Koguryo's surrender to the defected Sui general Hu Sizheng.

In 6 15, Emperor Yang Di planned to attack Koguryo again. However, due to the intensification of civil strife in the Sui Dynasty, the plan to attack Koguryo was cancelled. The war against Koguryo in the Sui Dynasty sharply weakened the national strength of the Sui Dynasty and triggered the peasant uprising at the end of the Sui Dynasty.

In 6 18, the sui dynasty fell. But the war between Sui and Koguryo also weakened Koguryo's national strength.

In the late period of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan, the Tang Dynasty was unprecedentedly strong, and the conquest of Koguryo was gradually put on the agenda.

In 653, Silla sent an envoy to the Tang Dynasty, telling Baekje to capture more than 40 cities in Silla in an attempt to cut off its access with Koguryo to the Tang Dynasty.

Emperor Taizong sent an envoy to Koguryo and ordered him to stop fighting. But Koguryo's powerful minister Mo Li refused, so he decided to send troops to Koguryo.

165438+654 10, Emperor Taizong appointed Shang Shu Xi 'en as the chief officer of Pingyang Road, and Prince Zhan led the army and the army to attack Koguryo separately.

In February 655, Emperor Taizong led the Sixth Army to set out from Luoyang and personally expedition. Sean led the water army across the sea to Beishacheng and captured the prisoners. Li Jijun conquered Liaodong Town, an important town in Liaodong, and captured more than 20,000 people.

In June of that year, Tang Jun entered Anshi City, which is now Yingchengzi in the southeast of Haicheng City, Liaoning Province. In the north of Koguryo, Gao Yanshou and Gao Huizhen came to the rescue with an army of10.5 million, which was defeated by Emperor Taizong's army. All the other soldiers surrendered, and Koguryo was shocked all over the country.

In July, Tang Jun began to besiege Anshi City. Due to the desperate resistance of the defenders, Tang Jun didn't conquer it until September. At that time, it was already late autumn, and the grass was dry and frozen, so it was difficult for the soldiers and horses to stay long. Emperor Taizong was forced to return to North Korea in September 18. This expedition did not achieve the expected goal of conquering Koguryo.

This time, Emperor Taizong conquered Koguryo, captured Liaodong and other cities 10, won more than 70,000 households, killed more than 40,000 Koguryo soldiers, killed thousands of people in Tang Jun, and lost 70% to 80% of his horses.

After Emperor Taizong's return to Korea, ministers suggested attacking pianshi who harassed Goguryeo, which made the Chinese people tired and delayed the farming season. In a few years, Koguryo will fall apart because of food shortage. Emperor Taizong adopted this suggestion. Later, Tang Jun adopted the strategy of harassing Koguryo.

In 647, Emperor Taizong ordered Niu Jinda and Li Ji to invade Koguryo and pull out Shicheng. King Koguryo sent his son Gao Renwu to the Tang Dynasty to apologize.

In 648, Emperor Taizong sent Xue Wanche, the right general of Wuwei, to lead 30,000 troops to cross the sea by boat and enter Yalu Water, and defeated Koguryo Army in Zhuobo City in the northeast of Dandong, Liaoning.

In 655, because Goguryeo, Baekje and Mohong invaded Silla, Silla sent messengers to the Spring and Autumn and Tang Dynasties for help, and ordered Cheng Mingzhen, the governor of Yingzhou, and Su Lingbing, the governor, to attack Goguryeo.

In 658, Cheng Mingzhen conquered Gaogouli Chifeng Town, namely Haicheng, Liaoning Province, and beheaded 3,000 people.

In 659 AD, General Xue Zaiheng Mountain (near Liaoyang, Liaoning Province) defeated Koguryo's army.

In 660, Baekje destroyed the Tang Dynasty, and Koguryo lost its allies and fell into isolation. In the second year, Tang Gaozong ordered a massive attack on Koguryo, which went hand in hand with land and water and won many battles. The army attacked Pyongyang all the way.

It was snowing heavily and freezing, so Tang Gaozong had to order Tang Jun to teach in Koguryo in February 662. When withdrawing troops, General Zuo and Pang Xiaotai, general manager of Woju Road, were killed in the Battle of Snake Water. This is the last victory before Koguryo's demise.

As the leader of Goguryeo, Yuan Gai Su Wen never adopted a wise diplomatic strategy before his death. The Tang Dynasty and Silla joined hands to destroy Goguryeo and then quickly. Although Yuan Gai Su Wen was still able to control Koguryo's political situation with a high-handed policy when he was alive, Koguryo's interior was in jeopardy.

In 666, Goguryeo was in civil strife, and after the death of Yuan Reform, his teacher, the spring boy, took the place of Mo Lizhi, equivalent to Tang's Minister of War and Minister of War, monopolizing power and arbitrating state affairs. But the whole boy surrendered to the Tang Dynasty under the pressure of the second brother's sword. Send Pang Tongshan to Koguryo to rescue Spring Boy.

Soon, Tang Gaozong took Li Ji as the general manager of Liaodong Road March, commanded various armies, and divided his troops to attack Koguryo. More than a year has passed, and good news has spread frequently in various battlefields.

Li Ji captured the new military town of Koryo, which is now the North Gaoer Mountain City in Fushun, Liaoning Province, and seized all the nearby 16 cities.

At the same time, Xue defeated Koguryo Army in Jinshan, beheaded more than 50,000 people, captured Cangzhou and joined forces with Quanboyuan Army.

Li Ji and others captured Fuyu City and captured more than 10,000 people. More than 40 cities of Fuyu River also fell due to the wind, and then fought Xuehe River to capture more than 30,000 people, and took advantage of the victory to capture the big city, which is now the southwest Niangniang City of Dandong, Liaoning Province.

In the spring and summer of 668, Tang Jun joined forces and advanced into the Yalu River. Goguryeo sent troops to resist, and Tang Jun bravely attacked and defeated Goguryeo's army. Tang Jun pursued the Korean army for more than 200 kilometers and attacked and humiliated foreign cities. Even now, Korea is always soft, and defenders in other cities have fled or surrendered to the Tang Dynasty.

Tang Jun attacked all the way to the gates of Pyongyang, and King Gaozang of Koguryo sent 98 productivity leaders to surrender from Quanmen. In spring, the boy still refused to defend behind closed doors and sent troops to fight many times, all of which ended in failure.

On September 12 of that year, Koguryo's new town of eminent monks opened its gates, and Tang Jun rushed into the city to capture Chuntong, and Koguryo perished.

After the Tang Dynasty pacified Goguryeo, the territory was divided into 9 counties and 42 states 100 county, and Anton Dufu was established in Pyongyang, with right-back general Xue Renjiao guarding it and 20,000 troops guarding it.

The treasure of the 27th King Koguryo was captured by the Tang Dynasty. According to Sima Guang's Zi Zhi Tong Jian, most of Koguryo's rich aristocrats and hundreds of thousands of people were moved to all parts of the Central Plains and integrated into all ethnic groups in China. Others stayed in Liaodong and became subjects of Bohai State, while the others were integrated into Turkic and Silla. Since then, Koguryo has ceased to exist in the world.