What are the dates of the Middle Ages in Western Europe?

During the Asuka period, which began in 600 AD and ended in 7 10 AD, he moved the capital to Pingchengjing, inherited the ancient grave era and opened the Nara era. This period was named after the political center was torii in Nara Prefecture (the then capital of Fujiwara), and the more important events were the reform and modernization of Shoto Kutaishi.

In the 7th century, Shoto Kutaishi devoted itself to political innovation, and took the "great innovation" as an opportunity to establish a centralized country with the emperor as the center. This practice followed the example of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, when it absorbed mainland culture more actively. By the end of the 9th century, * * * had sent more than 10 envoys to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

At the beginning of the 6th century, after the death of Emperor Bretsu, there was no heir to the throne. Great companion Kimura ushered in the male great king from Qian Yue to succeed to the throne. He was the emperor. At that time, on the Korean peninsula, Silla and Goguryeo's power expanded, threatening Baekje, which put Japan's peninsula management strategy of developing power in southern Korea in a dilemma. On the other hand, it has led to the influx of mainland immigrants. At the beginning of the 6th century, the first emperor, Jin Muzong, was attacked because he advocated ceding four counties in Na Ren to Baekje, thus losing his political power and being replaced by Wu Bushi and Su Wushi.

In 587, after the death of Ming Chengzu (reigned from 585 to 587), taking the issue of succession to the throne as an opportunity, Suwomazi, son of Suwomi, and Shouwu, son of the Ministry of Materials, launched a life-and-death struggle. Finally, Ma Zi won the battle to destroy the house, and the Wubu family perished. After defeating Wu Bu, Ma Su made King Shu Bu Emperor, namely Shen Chong (reigned from 587 to 592). Later, because of his wisdom and wise management, the world called him Shoto Kutaishi.

Shoto Kutaishi is the emperor's Di Zi of tomorrow. According to Japanese records, he is "naturally eloquent, strong and wise, so as not to be crippled by ten complaints" and has the qualities of an official. He studied Buddhism from the Korean monk Huici and Confucianism from Dr. Baekje, and was influenced by mainland ideology and culture since childhood.

Nara era

[2] In 7 10, the Japanese capital Heichengjing (now Nara and its suburbs) ushered in the prosperous period of the legal state. But at this time, the poverty of farmers, the increase of vagrants, and the substantial collapse of the commons citizenship system caused by the expansion of manor began to expose contradictions.

During this period, due to the state's efforts to protect Buddhism, Buddhist culture, especially Buddhist art, began to flourish. For example, the bird culture that created Japanese Buddhist culture in the early 7th century; The unique baifeng culture in the late 7th century; In the mid-8th century, under the influence of the culture in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Tian Ping culture embodied rich human emotions in a realistic way, and so on.

Compared with Buddhist art, the cultural pyramid of this period is a collection of leaves. In the 400 years before the middle of the 8th century, The Collection of Ye Wan collected about 4,500 songs of peace from civilians to emperors, which truly reflected the simple life feelings of ancient Japanese. In addition, Hongzhi (7 12), The Book of Japan (720) and China's poetry collection Huaifengzao (75 1) are all cultural heritages of this period.

peacetime

At the end of the 8th century, Japan moved its capital to Ping 'an (now the capital of Beijing), trying to rebuild the legal system. However, due to the collapse of the commons citizenship system, the country fell into financial difficulties. After sending the last batch of envoys to the Tang Dynasty in 894, it stopped, so it stopped absorbing a lot of mainland culture.

Heian period is the characteristic of China culture. Influenced by the Tang Dynasty in the 9th century, the culture of forbearance and Zhenguan in esotericism and Sinology is still very prosperous. However, after the direct communication with the mainland was cut off after the 10 century, Japan's unique aristocratic culture came into being. His representative works include The First Collection of Poetry, A Collection of Ancient and Modern Harmony Songs (65438+early 20th century), The Tale of Genji, the world's oldest novel (165438+early 20th century) and Essays on Pillow Grass (around AD 1000).

Shogunate era

1 192— 1852

/kloc-in the 0/2nd century, Japan formed two major power groups, dominating Kansai and Genji dominating Kanto. 1 167, Ping Qingsheng, the leader of Ping Group, became a minister, and the samurai began to hold real power. Genji and Shi Ping broke out two wars in 1 180 and 1 185. Since then, the samurai groups have been fighting constantly, and the ruling era of Kamakura Shogunate, Muromachi Shogunate (also known as Zuchuan Shogunate) and Edo Shogunate (also known as Tokugawa Shogunate) has appeared one after another. During this period, many large-scale peasant uprisings broke out in Japan and many foreign wars were fought, which made Japan's political chaos frequent during this period.