8 psychological effects commonly used in moral education

1. The effect of others - entering the soul (When they are in need, I am always there for them.)

Suhomlinsky said: "Please Remember, education - first of all, touches young hearts with care, thoughtfulness, and care. "Moral education is an educational process that touches the soul and touches the heart.

The personal effect can effectively shorten the psychological distance between teachers and students, arouse students' emotional excitement, and achieve better results. Teachers must squat down, raise their love, pay attention to the students' hearts, enter the students' emotional world, experience the students' feelings, truly treat the students as their own, and be their close friends. They must put an end to condescending preaching and make full use of parallelism. Language enables students to correctly understand themselves, evaluate themselves, and establish reasonable and appropriate self-identity. It is necessary to feel the soul with the heart and win the feelings with feelings, so that students can "close to their teachers and believe in their teachings", thus ultimately reaching the highest educational realm of "teachers and students becoming close friends, and the school becoming a paradise for growth".

2. Bowling effect - catch students being awesome (catch students being awesome)

Two bowling coaches train their players separately. Their players knocked down 7 pins with one ball. Coach A said to his team members: "Very good! We knocked down 7." His team members were very encouraged by the coach's praise and thought to themselves that they must work harder next time and knock down the remaining three. Coach B said to his team members: "What happened! There are still 3 that have not been defeated." After hearing the coach's accusation, the team members were very unconvinced and thought to themselves, why can't you see the 7 that I have defeated. As a result, the performance of the players trained by Coach A continued to rise, while the players trained by Coach B did not perform as well as they did each time. The bowling effect tells us how big a difference there is between praise and criticism. In fact, wanting to be recognized and appreciated by others is a normal psychological need for everyone. When faced with accusations, unconsciously defending oneself is also a normal psychological defense mechanism.

Charles Scoble, the first president selected by American steel magnate Anzu Carnegie, said, "Nothing can kill a person's ambition more than criticism from his boss. ... I am in favor of encouraging others to work. . So I am eager to praise and hate to find fault. If there is anything I like, it is that I am sincere in praise and generous in praise." This is Scoop's approach. Research by psychologists has proven that there is an asymmetry between positive encouragement and negative encouragement. People who have been punished will not simply stop doing bad things. At best, they have just learned how to avoid punishment. Therefore, moral educators must be good at using the skills of appreciation and focus their attention on "the 7 pins that were knocked down by the ball" instead of forgetting the "those 3 pins that were not knocked down." For example, if some students make a mistake and admit their mistakes frankly to the teacher, the teacher no longer has to punish the students for their mistakes; instead, they should see that the students trust the teacher and are willing to listen to the teacher's opinions to correct the mistakes, and respect the students' Actions are appreciated; when a student is 30 minutes late on the first day. The next day, when he is 28 minutes late again, if the teacher recognizes his progress because he is 2 minutes less late than yesterday, I believe that the insignificant 2 minutes will definitely promote the student's transformation, and he will not let the teacher down on the third day. . As long as we change our perspective and believe that every student has his or her own strengths and advantages, and "be sincere in praise and generous in praise," moral education will have magical effects.

3. "Basketball Stand Effect" - Moderate Requirements (the task must be reachable with efforts)

If the basketball stand is as high as two floors, then it faces the two floors With a high basketball stand, almost no one can throw the ball into the hoop, and no one will be stupid; if the basketball stand is about the same height as a person, anyone can hit the ball without much effort, and everyone will feel that Not interesting. It is precisely because of the height that can be reached with just one jump that basketball has become a global sport, attracting countless athletes to compete and making many fans enjoy it. The height of the basketball stand reminds us that a goal of "jumping and reaching" is the most attractive. Only for such a goal, people will pursue it with a high degree of enthusiasm.

The enlightenment of the basketball stand effect on moral education is that the goals we set for students must first be within their capabilities; the second is to continuously improve. In other words, we should not only allow students to have the opportunity to experience the joy of success and not be disappointed by looking at the unattainable "fruit", but also not allow students to easily pick the "fruit" effortlessly. Only by constantly setting goals as high as a "basketball stand" for students so that everyone can "jump and reach" can we achieve good results. Specifically, we must achieve the following two points:

First, we must comprehensively analyze all aspects of students' situations and pay attention to the feasibility and rationality of educational goals. When setting goals, we must consider the student's psychological development level and the student's psychological endurance. The proposed sub-goals should be at the same level as the students' psychological development level, so that students can achieve them through hard work, so that students can "jump and pick apples."

Second, we must pay attention to the hierarchy and specificity of educational goals. The differences between students exist objectively. Moral education must also implement the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. It must analyze the current development levels of students at different levels and formulate specific goals at different levels according to the different situations of students. So that every student can gain the joy of success and further enhance their confidence in moving forward. For example, for students who have learning difficulties, teachers should not put too high demands on them all at once. Instead, they should first put forward a small demand that only requires improvement compared with the past. When the students meet this demand, they can then gradually raise higher demands through encouragement. Requirements, students are often more likely to accept and strive to achieve them.

4. Beauty is good effect - get out of the illusion and evaluate correctly (halo effect, the ruler is short, the inch is long, Never ever judge students by their exam grades. Everyone has his own strengths and weaknesses. )

For a person who looks handsome and beautiful, it is easy for people to mistakenly think that he or she is also good in other aspects. This is the famous beauty-is-good effect proposed by American psychologist Daniel McNeil. It tells us that once an impression is based on emotion, it often deviates from the truth. This phenomenon can often be seen in schools. Teachers often show affection for students with good academic performance, and value and favor them. However, students with poor academic performance are often discriminated against and show disgusting emotions. This is the concrete manifestation of the beauty is good effect in education. Practice has proved that this one-sided view of "seeing only the trees but not the forest" causes some outstanding students to have psychological illusions and cannot treat themselves correctly; while other students will be forgotten by the teacher's care for a long time just because their scores are not high. In the corner, this kind of artificially harsh psychological environment will make them emotionally extreme and act triggering and impulsive. This will inevitably lead to the abnormal development of students' personality, cause students' psychological disorders, and make students lose their positive aspirations. , lose self-confidence and develop a rebellious mentality.

The inspiration of "beauty is good effect" to moral education is that "one size is short and one size is long". Every student has strengths and weaknesses. Teachers must establish a correct view of students and use developmental, dialectical, and Look at students from a comprehensive perspective and have a comprehensive understanding of each student. We can't let the results "one good person cover up all the ugly", only understand the advantages of the good students and ignore the shortcomings of the good students; we can't let the results "veto", only understand the shortcomings of the poor students, and ignore the advantages of the poor students. Efforts should be made to respect every student, maintain the equality of all students in the education process, avoid some students from developing a sense of superiority, and other students from developing a sense of inferiority, so that students can grow up healthily.

5. "Warm water effect" - be proactive not reactive

Researchers from Cornell University in the United States did such an experiment: after filling the pot with cold water, add Put a frog in it and slowly heat it up. The water is cold at first and changes temperature very slowly. The frog feels more adapted and comfortable and does not want to jump. As the water temperature gradually increased, the frog felt the danger and was determined to jump out of the hot pot, but it was too late. In the end, the jumping frog was scalded to death. In contrast, when a frog was thrown into a pot of boiling water, the strongly stimulated frog jumped with all his strength and successfully saved his life.

The enlightenment of the warm water effect on moral education is that minor shortcomings and mistakes shown by students cannot be tolerated. In the education process, most teachers, due to their lack of understanding and protective mentality, always have a kind of partiality towards students who have better grades and are more disciplined. These students always have the wind and rain in the class. Get rain. The school leaders praised him, the teachers doted on him, and the head teacher praised him as the apple of his eye. He is the three best students, he is the outstanding league member, and he is the outstanding student cadre. Even if these students make mistakes of one kind or another, the teachers always treat them with tolerance, turn a blind eye and let the students pass the test vaguely; even if they are criticized, they are understated and limited to the point. Some teachers cannot even see the problems of such students and are very insensitive to the shortcomings of these students. This creates a blind spot in education and automatically devalues ??the "excess" love. The negative effect is that this part Excellent producers are delusional. They are insensitive to praise and take everything for granted. Therefore, they are unable to correctly evaluate themselves, others and the things around them, leading to psychological alienation, loss of tolerance to adversity and their own frustration, making them very fragile as they grow, lacking the stamina for sustainable development, and having extremely poor social adaptability. When some top students commit suicide or commit crimes, we realize that it was our own warm water that boiled the "frog" in the pot to death, but it is too late to regret it. Therefore, effective moral education starts from every detail, prevents the slightest mistakes and nip mistakes in the bud.

6. Wallach Effect - Discovering Highlights (catch students being awesome.)

Otto Wallach is the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. When he started middle school At that time, his parents chose a literary path for him. Unexpectedly, after one semester, his teacher wrote this comment for him: "Wallach is very studious, but too rigid. Even if such a person has perfect moral character, he will not be determined. It is impossible to express it in literature." At this time, his parents had no choice but to respect their son's opinion and let him study oil painting instead. But Wallach is neither good at composition nor polishing, and his understanding of art is not strong. His grades are last in the class, and the school's comments are even more unacceptable: "You are unachievable in the art of painting." Talent". Faced with such a "clumsy" student, most teachers thought that he had no hope of success. Only the chemistry teacher believed that he was meticulous in his work and had the necessary character to do a good chemical experiment, and suggested that he try to learn chemistry. The parents accepted the chemistry teacher's advice. At this time, Wallach's spark of wisdom was ignited. The "uncultivated talents" in literature and art suddenly became recognized as "high-achieving students with great future" in chemistry.

The Wallach effect tells us: students’ development is uneven, and they all have weaknesses and strengths. If we break the mindset of alternative students that “rotten wood cannot be carved,” like the chemistry teacher Those who are good at discovering the shining points of students and providing students with a place to display their talents and personalities will surely achieve the remarkable results of "iron trees blooming". Therefore, in the process of moral education, we should care about each student, design various forms of activities, point out individual shining points, make students full of confidence, and set a stage for students to discover their intellectual potential and strengths. For example: designing various forms of activities such as debates, speeches, hosting theme class meetings, etc. based on the actual situation of the students in the class and the school. Through colorful activities, we provide a place for students to display their strengths and personalities. They can speak what they can speak and write what they can. Those who can draw, can use their hands... Encourage each student to bravely show his or her own shining points and communicate with the whole class. So that every student can find his or her own position here and find the "sweet spot" of their own intelligence, and provide every student, especially the underachievers, with opportunities to build self-confidence and diversified development. This in turn encourages students to develop a healthy mentality, overcome low self-esteem, and help students establish new goals and ideals in self-confidence.

There is no grass that does not bloom, and no child that is not perfect. Everyone is a picture of life full of personality. This picture does not lack things worth appreciating, but what is really missing is the gaze of appreciation. I hope that when our teachers face each picture of life, they will not blindly find fault, complain, and blame, but will discover more, appreciate it, and experience the greatest richness and initiative of students' lives with an appreciative attitude. , pay attention to every bit of progress in students' growth and development, help students discover themselves and affirm themselves, so that more children can be intoxicated with the joy of success, and let more students have a healthy mentality, a sound personality and a confident life.

7. The Romeo and Juliet effect - catching students being awesome, even though sometimes it's no so.

An important discovery in the scientific study of love, It is confirmed that when there are external forces that interfere with the love relationship between the two parties in love, the emotions of the two parties in love will actually be strengthened, and the love relationship will therefore be stronger. In psychology, this phenomenon is called the "Romeo and Juliet effect", borrowing its name from Shakespeare's famous tragedy "Romeo and Juliet".

This phenomenon is often found in life: if people's choices are voluntary, people will tend to increase their liking for the chosen object. And when the choice is forced, people will reduce their favorable impression of the chosen object. Therefore, when people are forced to make a certain choice, people will have a high degree of psychological resistance to that choice, and this mentality will prompt people to make the opposite choice and actually increase their liking for the object of their choice. For example, a child stopped his hand on a painting, and his mother shouted loudly: Don't tear the painting! As a result, as soon as my mother finished speaking, the painting broke.

The inspiration of the Romeo and Juliet effect on moral education is that only by changing blockages into sparse can students avoid rebellious psychology and receive twice the result with half the effort.

If you are good at communication, you will be able to communicate, and if you can guide, you will be safe. Overcome the Romeo and Juliet effect. When the child puts his hand on the painting, smile and say to him: "Look, the baby can help mommy paste the painting." As a result, you will be surprised to find that the child pastes the painting on the wall as you wish. superior.

8. Henry Effect - Implied Expectation (Pygmalion Effect and catch students behaving, being awesome, Yang Liye, you jumped so far!)

One evening many years ago , a young immigrant named Henry stood by the river in a daze. Today is his 30th birthday, but he doesn't know if he still has the courage to live. Because Henry grew up in an orphanage, he was short, not pretty, and spoke with a strong provincial accent. He had always had low self-esteem and was afraid to apply for even the most ordinary jobs. He had no job and no home.

Just when Henry was wandering between life and death, his friend John ran over to him excitedly and said: "Henry, let me tell you good news! I just heard a piece of news on the radio that Napoleon once lost a grandson. "The characteristics described by the announcer are exactly the same as yours!" "Really? I am the grandson of Napoleon!" Henry suddenly became excited, thinking that his grandfather once commanded thousands of troops with his short stature. When he issued majestic commands in French with an earthy fragrance, he suddenly felt that his short and fierce body was equally powerful, and the French accent when he spoke also had a bit of nobility and majesty. In this way, relying on the "beautiful lie" that he was the grandson of Napoleon, 30 years later, he became the president of a large bargaining company. Later, he asked someone to verify that he was not Napoleon's grandson, but this was no longer important.

This story tells us a truth: implicit expectations have infinite educational power. It is an implicit expectation, a kind of ignition of belief, and a kind of "self-induction". Psychological research shows that everyone is suggestible, and children are more likely to accept suggestions than adults. True moral education is not to instill the existing moral norms and codes of conduct in society into students so that students can become a "collection of virtues", but to inspire and awaken students' moral consciousness and moral conscience, so that students can establish moral ideals and Understand the true meaning of life. The methods of "enlightenment" and "awakening" are to imply expectations. Teachers use indirect methods of implicit and abstract induction to influence students' psychology and behavior, which can effectively induce students to act in a certain way or accept certain opinions, so that their thoughts and behaviors are consistent with the goals expected by the teacher. This is exactly The magic of the "Henry Effect". For example, if some teachers praise good behavior in a group setting, it will serve as a good hint to other students; some teachers often choose appropriate movies, TV shows, and literary works to target a certain shortcoming or mistake of the students, such as those that are close to the students. Discussing while watching, or telling students some targeted stories, etc., can produce better results.

A philosopher once said that when we feel that the world is beautiful, it will reflect the beauty of our inner world to a great extent; when we feel that the world is ugly, it will reflect the beauty of our inner world to a great extent. It reflects the darkness within us to a great extent.

I believe that the "Henry Effect" in moral education will definitely produce more surprises!