What are the solutions to land desertification?

1. Protect existing vegetation and strengthen forest and grass construction. While strengthening management, we should effectively solve the problems of population, livestock and stoves, and strictly protect the forest and grass vegetation in the sand area. Through afforestation, rational allocation of trees, shrubs and grasses, a multi-forest, multi-tree and multi-level three-dimensional protection system will be constructed to expand the proportion of forests and grasses.

While doing a good job in manual management, we should give full play to the self-repair function of the ecosystem, increase the intensity of enclosure and protection, and promote the natural restoration of ecology. Because aerial seeding has the characteristics of high speed, less labor, low cost and good effect, it is of greater significance to restore vegetation in remote and barren areas with sparse population, inconvenient transportation and barren hills.

2. Carry out a lasting ecological revolution in the desertification area to accelerate the reversal of the desertification process. The key is to rationally allocate water resources and ensure ecological water use. For example, the unreasonable allocation system of water resources is the direct cause of the shortening of rivers, the shrinking or even drying up of lakes, the decline of groundwater level and land desertification in northwest China.

3. Strictly implement the family planning policy, control the excessive population growth, and constantly improve the quality of the population. Improve the ideological level of the whole nation through publicity and education on environmental awareness. Care and care for the environment, consciously participate in the transformation and construction of the environment, and form the fashion of the whole society.

At the same time, in areas where local desertification is very serious, grasslands and cultivated land are almost completely abandoned, and the harsh natural environment is no longer suitable for human survival, the state should carry out ecological migration in a planned way.

4, reverse the backward situation of relying on the sky to raise livestock and reduce the damage to grassland. It is necessary to implement the grassland contract responsibility system, stipulate a reasonable livestock carrying capacity, vigorously promote enclosure and rotational grazing, vigorously develop artificial grassland or artificially improve grassland, and raise livestock. Accelerate the cultivation of excellent livestock and poultry breeds and optimize the structure of livestock and poultry breeds.

5. Accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure, rationally allocate the proportion of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry according to market requirements, actively develop aquaculture and processing industries, divert rural surplus labor, and reduce the pressure of population on land. We can also make use of the unique advantages of light and heat, natural landscape, culture and folk customs, surplus labor and other resources in desertification areas to develop tourism, exploration and scientific research industries.

6. Optimize the energy structure in agricultural and pastoral areas, and vigorously advocate and encourage people to use unconventional energy sources, such as wind energy, light energy and biogas, so as to reduce the damage to forests, grasslands and other resources.

7. While doing a good job in international implementation, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in combating desertification and strive for funds and foreign aid.

Causes of land desertification

First, natural factors.

Natural factors include drought (basic conditions), loose surface materials (material basis), strong wind (power) and no vegetation (protection).

Take the desertification process under the action of wind as an example, which includes three stages: occurrence, development and formation:

1, occurrence stage. Desertification has only conditions, such as dry climate and destruction of surface vegetation, which is potential desertification.

2. Development stage. The ground vegetation has been destroyed, with wind erosion, coarsening, punctate quicksand and low shrub sand piles. With the intensification of sandstorm activities, mobile sand dunes or blown shrub sand piles appear further, including developing desertification (desertification land accounts for less than 20% of the country's land area) and strongly developing desertification (desertification land accounts for 20-50% of the country's land area).

3. Formation stage. Mobile sand dunes or blown sand piles are widely distributed on the surface, accounting for more than 50% of the country's land area, and desertification is serious.

Second, human factors.

Human factors include excessive logging, overgrazing, excessive reclamation, unreasonable exploitation of mineral resources and unreasonable use of water resources.

Man-made factors and natural factors comprehensively act on the fragile ecological environment, resulting in the destruction of vegetation and the emergence and development of desertification. The degree of desertification and its spatial expansion are affected by the degree of drought and the intensity of human and animal pressure on the land.

Desertification also has the possibility of reversal and self-recovery. The magnitude of this possibility and the length of desertification reversal process are influenced by different natural conditions (especially water conditions), surface conditions and the intensity of human activities.