How to transform Mars into a livable planet?

Although the earth can still meet the requirements of human survival, some people with a sense of crisis are ready to emigrate to Mars.

However, the most important thing to immigrate to Mars is not whether we can save enough money to buy a boat ticket, but that Mars is not suitable for human habitation at present. So if we transform Mars from now on, will Mars be suitable for human habitation in the future?

Conditions for a livable planet

To make Mars a livable planet, first of all, what are the criteria for a livable planet? So far, astronomers have established a livable planet model based on the earth.

A livable planet contains eight conditions, namely:

The star system is located in the livable zone of galaxies; Planets are located in the livable zone of star systems; Protected by larger planets; There is liquid water; Have an atmosphere; There is a global magnetic field; Satellites whose mass is not much smaller than their own; Owns the ozone layer. Among them, the first three factors are the same as the earth. If human beings want to transform Mars, they should mainly transform their own conditions.

liquid water

The importance of liquid water to human beings is self-evident, but water is not a special product of the earth. There are many water-bearing celestial bodies in the solar system, and many celestial bodies are richer in water than the earth.

Moreover, according to the research of the Italian Space Agency, a liquid water lake with a diameter of 20 kilometers was found under the ice near the South Pole of Mars.

Although we don't know the composition of these liquid water yet, we have mature technology to filter water at present. However, on the whole, this water is far from enough to immigrate people to Mars on a large scale.

atmosphere

Not only is the atmosphere vital to human survival, but even the composition of the atmosphere has a far-reaching impact on human life. Take the earth as an example. When the greenhouse gas content in the earth's atmosphere rises, the temperature of the earth will rise and even become too hot to survive.

For example, in the atmosphere of Venus, the carbon dioxide content reaches 97%, so that the surface temperature of Venus reaches 500 degrees Celsius.

Besides the composition of the atmosphere, the density of the atmosphere is also very important. If the atmospheric density is too high, people will live on the seabed, and the air pressure will make people breathless. If the atmospheric density is too small, it will cause people to live on the plateau.

The density of the atmosphere on Mars is less than1100 on Earth, that is to say, the atmosphere on Mars is much thinner than that on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, far exceeding the limit that human beings can tolerate.

Moreover, because the solar wind can take away the gas from Mars, even if humans emit gas to Mars, it will not increase the atmospheric density of Mars.

Global magnetic field

There are many high-energy particles in the universe, and the high-energy charged particles (solar wind) emitted by the sun are one of them. If these charged particles irradiate the biological surface for a long time, it will lead to the rapid death and extinction of organisms.

Life on earth is not extinct because the earth has a global magnetic field.

The earth's magnetic field will connect the North Pole and the South Pole through magnetic lines. When the solar wind blows, the magnetic field lines will guide the solar wind to the north and south poles of the earth, thus avoiding direct irradiation on the human body surface.

Let's talk more. Aurora is the result of the solar wind. When the sun emits a lot of high-energy charged particles, a magnetic storm will form on the earth at this time, threatening human satellites and communication technology, but at the same time, aurora will also appear in the north and south poles and even other regions.

But unfortunately, although there is a magnetic field on Mars, there is no global magnetic field, which means it is difficult for human beings to survive on Mars.

Moreover, we don't have the technology needed to transform the magnetic field of Mars at present, so humans can't transform it into a livable planet in a short time.

ozonosphere

The main function of ozone layer is to block ultraviolet rays, and it is also the easiest factor to transform.

We know that there was no ozone layer in the early days of the earth, but with the great oxidation of the earth, more and more oxygen was released into the air and gradually formed the ozone layer.

However, it takes a long time to transform the ozone layer, and it may take hundreds of millions or even hundreds of millions of years to successfully transform it. By then, human beings may have been extinct on the earth.

satellite

The reason why the earth needs satellites is that without the moon, the earth's rotation will be like a gyro, and it will be unstable for a while.

This will cause the earth's environment to be hot and cold for a while, which is not suitable for human habitation. It is the existence of the moon that makes the earth start to rotate regularly, and then life can be born on the earth.

Mars does not need this condition, because there are obvious seasons and days and nights on Mars, which means that the rotation of Mars is very stable. From this perspective, it is suitable for living.

abstract

Although human beings have a higher level of science and technology than other animals, the plan to transform a planet is too grand to be competent according to the current scientific level of human beings. Therefore, we will live on the earth for quite a long time.