What do you mean by Huguang filling Sichuan? What is the impact on Sichuan?

"Lake filling Sichuan" is a tide of immigration in Qing Dynasty. The whole process has gone through nearly a century, from the policy migration in Kangxi period to the spontaneous migration of refugees in Ganjia period, and finally formed a large-scale wave.

In the second year of Shunzhi, the post of "Governor of Huguang and Sichuan" was established in Hubei. In the third year of Shunzhi, the Qing army entered Sichuan from Hanzhong, shot Zhang in Xichuan, and then marched into Chengdu and Chongqing. After the war and turmoil, Sichuan was ruined, and the Qing army retreated to Baoning to recruit refugees to reclaim land. But it didn't work at first, and many people still held a wait-and-see attitude, so the early reclamation didn't achieve the expected results.

So in the third year of Kangxi, Dedi Zhang, the governor of Sichuan, implored the court to order the provincial governors to urge the Sichuan gentry scattered in various provinces to return to Sichuan, but it still had little effect. So in the sixth year of Kangxi, a more severe administrative order was issued, urging the people of Sichuan to return to Sichuan. Kangxi also strengthened macro-control from the perspective of regional division to solve the obstacles of immigrants entering Sichuan. Because many Sichuanese living abroad live in Huguang, they think that whenever there is unrest in Sichuan in history, Sichuanese will hide in Huguang area along the river. Therefore, Kangxi removed the governor of Huguang first, and then set up the governor of Chuanhu to facilitate immigration economically and politically. He also tried to attract immigrants by "recruiting talents". The immigrant population of Sichuanese has gradually increased and developed steadily.

About fifty years after Kangxi, immigrants were no longer encouraged to enter Sichuan, because at that time, Sichuan had gradually recovered steadily. But the subsequent situation was unexpected by the rulers, that is, large-scale immigration still did not stop, and even increased greatly during the Qianlong period, which had to be said to be a big mistake of the rulers at that time. This surge will inevitably bring a series of social and economic problems.

About 6.5438+0.55 million people moved in during the Kangxi period, and the inflow was restricted during the Yongzheng period. During the Qianlong period, because of blind indulgence, and during the Jiaqing period, a * * * flowed into more than 4 million people, resulting in a serious overpopulation. The most important influence of the early "Huguang filling Sichuan" was to restore the production development and prosperity in Sichuan.

However, improper policies and neglect of management in the later period led to excessive population inflow, resulting in less land and more people, and more and more people in society were doing nothing or even doing evil, and some private organizations such as Yuluhui appeared, which was very unfavorable to the stability of the Qing dynasty. However, the influence of these immigrants on Sichuan's economy and culture can not be ignored. In the end, the "downstream and southern culture" that followed the immigrants merged with the local culture, forming a unique Bashu culture.