Investigation report on citrus economy in rural areas of counties

Investigation report on citrus economy in rural areas of counties

In real life, we will inevitably come into contact with reports, so we should pay attention to the format of reports when writing. Do you know how to write a report? The following is a questionnaire survey report on the orange fruit economy in rural areas of this county, which I compiled for you. I hope it will help you.

Report on the questionnaire survey of orange fruit economy in rural areas of the county 1 In order to truly understand the life, production, income and burden of orange farmers in Gongcheng, the ideas of large orange farmers and orange farmers, the channels and grasp of market information sources, and the attitude towards the market, we will effectively solve the hot and difficult problems in the current reform and development of rural orange fruit economy and maintain the sustained and stable development of rural social economy in the county. According to the arrangement of the county party committee and the county government, a joint investigation team composed of the county government, the county fruit circulation office, the county fruit center and the county agriculture bureau conducted a sampling survey on the rural citrus fruit economic questionnaire in the county for one week from April 13 to April 19, 20xx, followed by a review, summary and analysis on 1 day. The survey objects are typical orange farmers, sellers and some orange farmers who are very representative in the sales process in Gongcheng County. These investigation points are distributed in 40 administrative villages in the county, and these large growers, large sellers and orange farmers are fully representative of understanding the cultivation and sales of citrus in the county. The investigation is hereby notified as follows:

1. Basic situation and existing problems of citrus production and marketing in Gongcheng

Oranges are one of the fruit varieties introduced earlier in our county. After years of accumulation, especially since the 1980s, the price of citrus has remained high and the planting area of citrus has expanded rapidly. The existing citrus planting area in Gongcheng is about 62,900 mu, and the main varieties are Xinhui orange and Hongjiang orange. Due to the special geographical and climatic environment in Gongcheng, Gongcheng oranges are superior to other producing areas in terms of sugar content, color, taste and shape. However, due to various reasons, last year's oranges generally had the following problems: First, the size, color and appearance were not good enough; Second, other types of fruits are listed at the same time, losing the opportunity to seize the market, being greatly impacted by navel oranges and summer oranges in other producing areas, and having no advantage in sales volume and price; Third, the varieties of oranges planted in Gongcheng are too old.

According to the survey, the production and sales of citrus in Gongcheng have the following characteristics:

First, the production is not standardized, the pesticide residue is large, and the sales volume is too small.

Nowadays, citrus production is mostly a decentralized planting method based on households, and there are few large modern orchards that are really centralized and managed in a unified way. Because of this decentralized management model, most fruit farmers only pursue yield, regardless of quality. Fruit farmers use a large number of high-concentration pesticides and fertilizers, which makes the pesticide residues in oranges seriously exceed the standard. Pesticide residue is an important factor to measure the quality of citrus, and it is also the biggest obstacle to limit the sales of citrus. At the same time, due to this extensive business model, fruit farmers are seriously lacking in knowledge about fertilizer use, pest control and improved seed breeding, which leads to oranges with different sizes, uneven colors and ugly fruit shapes, and also seriously restricts the export and export sales of oranges. So far, last year, the county only sold 0.4 million tons of oranges/kloc-0, accounting for only 23.3% of Gongcheng's orange production.

Second, the lack of their own brand.

As the saying goes, "only good wine will be called out", no matter how high-quality the variety is, it may be submerged in a mixed orange yard without a well-known brand. Without forming their own unique brand, ordinary consumers will only decide whether to buy from the price and shape, and few consumers can distinguish the quality. Due to the special geographical and climatic environment of Gongcheng, Gongcheng oranges are superior to oranges from other producing areas in terms of sugar content and taste, and are welcomed by consumers in the market. At present, Gongcheng Orange is sold in the market under the brand of "Gongcheng Orange". This brand is not only large and complete, but also seriously stolen and counterfeited, which leads to uneven quality of Gongcheng orange in the market and greatly reduces the reputation of Gongcheng orange.

Third, the elasticity of demand is too small, and the output is too large, so the market cannot bear the substantial increase in supply.

Like other agricultural products, oranges also face the problem of too small demand elasticity. Because demand is extremely insensitive to price, once the output increases, oranges will be stimulated by a greater price drop to expand demand. Therefore, agricultural products often yield high, but the harvest is not good. The low price of oranges this year is also largely caused by this factor. This year, the output of oranges in Gongcheng County reached 67,200 tons, a record high. Not only that, the output of citrus and fruit in other producing areas of the country has increased greatly. The sharp increase in supply has led to a greater decline in the price of oranges in Gongcheng nationwide. The two orange varieties mainly produced in Gongcheng, Xinhui Orange and Hongjiang Orange, have very low prices this year.

Fourth, the commercialization of oranges is not enough, the processing technology is not enough, and there is a lack of large leading enterprises.

There are no large-scale leading enterprises in fruit processing in Gongcheng County, but only a few small-scale processing plants, with a small purchase volume and a small scale, and there are also low-level redundant constructions, which cannot play the role of "leading enterprises". Lack of large leading enterprises, citrus has not undergone strict and standardized treatment, centralized sales and processing, unable to sterilize and precool in time, and poor storage performance.

5. Other reasons: First, the quality of oranges is not good, which does not meet the market demand; Second, other fruit varieties have increased production, and the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce; Third, the market sales of citrus are weak in the late stage of sales; Fourth, the cold weather last winter and this spring also had a great reaction to fruit sales; Fifth, because of the low price, fruit farmers are marketable; Sixth, some fruit farmers have pit farmers' behavior, which has a certain negative impact on the fruit circulation in the county; Seventh, fruit farmers and other ideas still exist in large numbers, and fewer orange farmers take the initiative to open the sales market; Eighth, the people's awareness of accepting new varieties is not enough; Nine, people's consumption habits also affect the sales of oranges more or less invisibly.

Two. Basic conclusions and suggestions

In view of the present situation of citrus production and sales in Gongcheng county, we suggest solving it from the perspective of agricultural industrialization management. (1) market-oriented, based on farmers' management, relying on leading organizations, taking economic benefits as the center, and taking serialized services as the means, through the integrated operation of production, supply, marketing, planting, raising and processing, all links in the agricultural production process are connected into a complete industrial system, which guides scattered farmers to change from small-scale production to socialized large-scale production. (2), the formation of economic * * * and the interests of multiple participants together. Agricultural industrialization management is to break the shackles of traditional agricultural concepts and small-scale peasant economy, transform traditional agriculture with the open concept and mode of socialized large-scale production, closely combine leading enterprises and farmers into a whole interest, realize enterprise production, modern management and market-oriented operation, realize the integration of agriculture and modern economy, make agriculture gain industrial advantages and development in market competition, generally benefit farmers, and realize the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.

However, judging from the present situation of Gongcheng orange, the industrialization of Gongcheng orange develops slowly and lacks large-scale leading enterprises. Without the leading role of leading enterprises, it is impossible to organize scattered business households and realize the integrated operation of production, processing and sales. The processing rate, contribution rate of science and technology, added value and economic benefit of oranges are very low. It does not adapt to the market economy, does not really form an industrial chain, and the products are unsalable and low in price, resulting in the consequences of increasing production without increasing income or even increasing production. Moreover, due to the small scale of farmers' funds and land based on the contract responsibility system, the development of enterprises is greatly restricted and the degree of specialization is difficult to improve. Moreover, the dual ownership structure of land and the pattern of taking farmers as the basic business unit cannot be changed in a short time. This condition determines that Gongcheng citrus should choose a road suitable for farmers' decentralized industrialization. It is impossible to develop citrus industry based on production specialization, but should vigorously develop citrus industrialization with vertical integration as the core. Industrial management can promote the overall marketing ability of Gongcheng Orange, which is conducive to enhancing the competitiveness of Gongcheng Orange. At present, the competition in the international agricultural products market has entered the stage of standardization and branding. In order to participate in international competition and improve the overall marketing ability and competitiveness of Gongcheng Orange, it is necessary to closely cooperate with all aspects of production and operation, including the realization of production standardization, product standardization and management classification. It is necessary for leading enterprises to take the lead, organically combine brands with product packaging, trademarks, labels and the visual image of leading enterprises, integrate the production, processing and sales of oranges, and implement orange industrial management.

The main organizational modes of agricultural industrialization management are: company+farmer, company+base+farmer, professional association+farmer, intermediary organization+farmer. The operation of these organizational models mainly depends on signing purchase and sale contracts with farmers, stipulating the rights, obligations and responsibilities of both parties. Enterprises and institutions have support policies for providing technical services and supplying chemical fertilizers and pesticides to bases and farmers, and implement the lowest protective price purchase to ensure priority purchase. Farmers regularly and quantitatively sell high-quality products to enterprises according to contracts, but they can't enjoy processing value-added and sales profits. There are many relatively independent stakeholders in the organizational system. If the contract is unreasonable, or the incentive of cooperation is insufficient, or the surplus of cooperation is monopolized by one participant, then the integrated organization will lose its existence and die. In these organizational relationships, companies or organizations and farmers are independent interest subjects, and they all pursue the maximization of their own interests in the same transaction. Enterprises are willing to reduce the payment to farmers, while farmers strive to get more benefits. Under unfavorable circumstances, companies, institutions and farmers will evade or refuse to perform the contract, farmers will refuse to sell when the price is low, and enterprises will refuse to buy when the price is high. The cooperative relationship is very weak. Even if there is a contract constraint, the production of agricultural products is greatly affected by natural conditions, and farmers will use this to avoid the liability for breach of contract and break the integrated organization. To develop and grow, an integrated organization must realize the rational distribution of interests in a certain level of business activities, establish mutually beneficial economic relations, and not allow a single subject to monopolize profits. To develop Gongcheng orange industry integration, it is necessary to balance the interests of all participants, link the interests of all participants, and form an economic unity of risk sharing and benefit sharing. To do this, we can implement the excess profit return system, and the leading enterprises or institutions will return some profits to the contracted bases and contracted farmers according to the sales amount of farmers, so as to benefit farmers; Farmers can also take shares in leading enterprises with fruit trees and labor force, become enterprise shareholders and participate in enterprise profit sharing. In this way, there are both shares and contracts, so that enterprises and farmers can closely unite and become an economic entity with shared risks and benefits. At the same time, it is necessary to educate farmers to establish the concept of market and industrial integration, so that farmers can understand the long-term interests of industrial integration and enhance their awareness of performance. In this way, the enthusiasm of participants in citrus industrialization will be fully mobilized, and farmers and enterprises will actively participate in the construction of citrus industrialization, thus accelerating and improving the development of citrus industrialization.

Due to the extremely low degree of organization of orange farmers in Gongcheng, the status between farmers and leading enterprises is very asymmetric. In fact, farmers are attached to leading enterprises and are in a passive and unfavorable position in market transactions, so it is difficult to protect their own interests, let alone share processing value-added and sales profits. Its concrete manifestation is the lack of standardized cooperation mechanism between farmers and leading enterprises, which can not form the same body of risks and interests. The relationship between enterprises and farmers is only a simple market free trade relationship, and no effective contract binding mechanism has been established. In this way, if the price is high, enterprises will refuse to buy, resulting in farmers' lack of stable income. Generally speaking, the price level of primary agricultural products depends on the benefit distribution mechanism of integrated organizations and ultimately on the bargaining power of farmers. The higher the degree of farmers' organization, the greater the bargaining power; The deeper farmers depend on leading enterprises, the weaker their bargaining power. Therefore, it is necessary to establish farmers' own economic cooperation organizations, implement the combination of capital, labor, production and marketing, organize scattered farmers to enter the market, and provide a series of integrated operations such as agricultural production materials and technology supply, product acquisition, transportation, storage and processing.

Questionnaire survey report on orange fruit economy in rural areas of the county 2 In order to truly understand the life, production, income and burden of orange farmers in Gongcheng, the ideas of large orange farmers and orange farmers, the channels and grasp of market information sources, and the attitude towards the market, we will effectively solve the hot and difficult problems in the current reform and development of rural orange fruit economy and maintain the sustained and stable development of rural social economy in the county. According to the arrangements of the county party Committee and the county government, A joint investigation team composed of county government, county fruit circulation office, county fruit center and county agriculture bureau conducted a one-week sampling survey on the rural orange fruit economy in the county from April 13 to April 19, xx, and then conducted a review, summary and analysis for a period of 1 day. The respondents were typical orange farmers, sellers and analysts who were very representative in the sales process in Gongcheng County. These investigation points are distributed in 40 administrative villages in the county, and these large growers, large sellers and orange farmers are fully representative of understanding the cultivation and sales of citrus in the county. The investigation is hereby notified as follows:

First, the basic situation and existing problems of Gongcheng orange production and marketing Gongcheng orange is one of the fruit varieties introduced earlier in our county. After years of accumulation, especially since the 1980s, the price of citrus has remained high and the planting area of citrus has expanded rapidly. The existing citrus planting area in Gongcheng is about 62,900 mu, and the main varieties are Xinhui orange and Hongjiang orange. Due to the special geographical and climatic environment in Gongcheng, Gongcheng oranges are superior to other producing areas in terms of sugar content, color, taste and shape. However, due to various reasons, the following problems generally existed in oranges last year:

1, the size, color and appearance are not good enough;

2. Other types of fruits are listed at the same time, losing the opportunity to seize the market, being greatly impacted by navel oranges and summer oranges in other producing areas, and having no advantage in sales volume and price;

3. The variety of Gongcheng orange is too old. According to the survey, the production and sales of citrus in Gongcheng have the following characteristics:

First, the production is not standardized, the pesticide residue is large, and the sales volume is too small. Nowadays, citrus production is mostly a decentralized planting method based on households, and there are few large modern orchards that are really centralized and managed in a unified way. Because of this decentralized management model, most fruit farmers only pursue yield, regardless of quality. Fruit farmers use a large number of high-concentration pesticides and fertilizers, which makes the pesticide residues in oranges seriously exceed the standard. Pesticide residue is an important factor to measure the quality of citrus, and it is also the biggest obstacle to limit the sales of citrus. At the same time, due to this extensive business model, fruit farmers are seriously lacking in knowledge of fertilizer use, pest control and improved seed breeding, resulting in oranges of different sizes.

1. The uneven color and ugly fruit shape also seriously restricted the export and export sales of citrus. So far, last year, the county only sold 0.4 million tons of oranges/kloc-0, accounting for only 23.3% of Gongcheng's orange production.

Second, the lack of their own brand. As the saying goes, good wine is bound to be shouted. No matter how high-quality the variety is, if there is no famous brand, it may be submerged in the mixed orange courtyard. Without forming their own unique brand, ordinary consumers will only decide whether to buy from the price and shape, and few consumers can distinguish the quality. Due to the special geographical and climatic environment of Gongcheng, Gongcheng oranges are superior to oranges from other producing areas in terms of sugar content and taste, and are welcomed by consumers in the market. At present, Gongcheng oranges are sold under the brand of Gongcheng oranges, which not only has a large quantity and a wide range, but also has a serious phenomenon of theft and counterfeiting, resulting in uneven quality of Gongcheng oranges in the market and greatly reducing the reputation of Gongcheng oranges.

Third, the elasticity of demand is too small, and the output is too large, so the market cannot bear the substantial increase in supply. Like other agricultural products, oranges also face the problem of too small demand elasticity. Because demand is extremely insensitive to price, once the output increases, oranges will be stimulated by a greater price drop to expand demand. Therefore, agricultural products often yield high, but the harvest is not good. The low price of oranges this year is also largely caused by this factor. The output of oranges in Gongcheng County this year is 6. 720,000 tons, a record high. Not only that, the output of citrus and fruit in other producing areas of the country has increased greatly. The sharp increase in supply has led to a greater decline in the price of oranges in Gongcheng nationwide. The two orange varieties mainly produced in Gongcheng, Xinhui Orange and Hongjiang Orange, have very low prices this year.

Fourth, the commercialization of oranges is not enough, the processing technology is not enough, and there is a lack of large leading enterprises. There are no large-scale leading enterprises in fruit processing in Gongcheng county, but only a few small-scale processing plants, which have a small purchase volume and a small scale, and there are low-level redundant construction, which can not play a leading role. Lack of large leading enterprises, citrus has not undergone strict and standardized treatment, centralized sales and processing, unable to sterilize and precool in time, and poor storage performance.

5. Other reasons: First, the quality of oranges is not good, which does not meet the market demand; Second, other fruit varieties have increased production, and the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce; Third, the market sales of citrus are weak in the late stage of sales; Fourth, the cold weather last winter and this spring also had a great reaction to fruit sales; Fifth, because of the low price, fruit farmers are marketable; Sixth, some fruit farmers have pit farmers' behavior, which has a certain negative impact on the fruit circulation in the county; Seventh, fruit farmers and other ideas still exist in large numbers, and fewer orange farmers take the initiative to open the sales market; Eighth, the people's awareness of accepting new varieties is not enough; Nine, people's consumption habits also affect the sales of oranges more or less invisibly.

Second, the basic conclusions and suggestions In view of the present situation of citrus production and sales in Gongcheng, we suggest to solve it from the aspect of agricultural industrialization management.

(1) market-oriented, based on farmers' management, relying on leading organizations, taking economic benefits as the center, and taking serialized services as the means, through the integrated operation of production, supply, marketing, planting, raising and processing, all links in the agricultural production process are connected into a complete industrial system, which guides scattered farmers to change from small-scale production to socialized large-scale production.

(2), the formation of economic * * * and the interests of multiple participants together. Agricultural industrialization management is to break the shackles of traditional agricultural concepts and small-scale peasant economy, transform traditional agriculture with the open concept and mode of socialized large-scale production, closely combine leading enterprises and farmers into a whole interest, realize enterprise production, modern management and market-oriented operation, realize the integration of agriculture and modern economy, make agriculture gain industrial advantages and development in market competition, generally benefit farmers, and realize the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.

However, judging from the present situation of Gongcheng orange, the industrialization of Gongcheng orange develops slowly and lacks large-scale leading enterprises. Without the leading role of leading enterprises, it is impossible to organize scattered business households and realize the integrated operation of production, processing and sales. The processing rate, contribution rate of science and technology, added value and economic benefit of oranges are very low. It does not adapt to the market economy, does not really form an industrial chain, and the products are unsalable and low in price, resulting in the consequences of increasing production without increasing income or even increasing production. Moreover, due to the small scale of farmers' funds and land based on the contract responsibility system, the development of enterprises is greatly restricted and the degree of specialization is difficult to improve. Moreover, the dual ownership structure of land and the pattern of taking farmers as the basic business unit cannot be changed in a short time. This condition determines that Gongcheng citrus should choose a road suitable for farmers' decentralized industrialization. It is impossible to develop citrus industry based on production specialization, but should vigorously develop citrus industrialization with vertical integration as the core.