The formation process of Japanese Brazilians

At the beginning of last century, Japan began to immigrate to Brazil in an organized way. 1908 June 18, 78 1 The Japanese crossed the ocean to the other side of the globe-the port of Santos in Brazil. From 19 10 to 19 14, the number of Japanese immigrants to Brazil is 14200. From 1925 to 1935, the peak period of Japanese emigration to Brazil was140,000 Japanese arrived in Brazil successively. Because of World War II, Japan did not immigrate to Brazil in the following year 10. From 1959, Japan resumed immigration to Brazil, but the scale was much smaller than before. With the recovery of Japanese economy, Japan gradually turned to Brazil to export capital, mainly investing in mining. But at this time, Japan has already exported 260,000 people to Brazil. After five generations of reproduction, the number of Japanese in Brazil has reached more than 6.5438+0 million. 70% of Japanese live in Sao Paulo, 12% in Parana. The Japanese in Mato Grosso and Pará also account for 2.5% and 1.2% respectively.

Among Latin American countries, Brazil is the country with the largest number of Japanese immigrants, with about 1.30- 1.50 million Japanese living there. The first batch of Japanese immigrants arrived in Brazil by boat from Kobe Port on 1908. Most of them are farmers and left their hometown in search of a better life. In the local area, many Japanese and China immigrants became laborers in coffee fields. There was a shortage of agricultural manpower at that time, and there was a great demand for their labor. This group of immigrants from Asia met the demand.

Later, these Japanese immigrants intermarried with local people, and most of their descendants were Japanese, European and African-American.

During World War II, Brazil cut off its ties with Japan, and local Japanese schools and newspapers were banned, leaving only Portuguese for them to learn. Because Germany, Italy and Japan were axis countries at that time, the local German and Italian newspapers also stopped publishing.

After the war, many Japanese refugees decided to settle in Brazil, forming a huge Japanese community. Due to the lack of Japanese learning environment, their descendants can only speak Portuguese and English. Some Japanese schools offer Japanese and Portuguese education. At present, there are more than 400,000 Japanese native speakers in the local area.

1980s, Japan's economy improved, and local economy began to have problems. Many Japanese Brazilians began to immigrate to Japan to work, and some immigrated to other European and American countries.

In Macao, some native Portuguese have Japanese ancestry. They don't know Japanese, but they know Cantonese and Portuguese. 1999 after Macao's return to China, some local Japanese also immigrated to Brazil.

Today, there are about 270,000 Japanese-Brazilian immigrants living in Japan, accounting for the highest proportion of Portuguese-speaking population in Asia, even higher than the former Portuguese colonies of East Timor, Macau and Goa combined. Brazil is still the overseas country with the largest number of Japanese in the world.

The Japanese people are closely related to the Japanese government. Japanese living in Brazil have always maintained close ties with the Japanese government. For a long time, Japan has repeatedly provided huge loans and grants to Brazil for agricultural development and scientific research projects. Many Japanese Brazilians have learned advanced agricultural techniques from Japan and used them in production. Brazil's vast land provides space for Japanese to display their talents, and gradually makes Brazil an important exporter of agricultural products in the world. Japanese immigrants brought all kinds of seeds from the mainland and successfully introduced them to Brazil, which showed the Japanese's ability to make a fortune. Today, many large farms in Brazil are run by Japanese. Besides the United States, Japan is the second largest importer of Brazilian nationals. Due to cultural ties, Japanese nationals account for a large proportion of Brazilian expatriates in Japan. Where their ancestors lived, Brazilian Japanese in turn accumulated funds for Brazil's economic development. Since 1990, the money remitted to Brazil by Brazilian expatriates in Japan has played a positive role in balancing Brazil's external accounts. In 2002, Brazilian expatriates in Japan remitted US$ 2.6 billion to Brazil, exceeding the export income of Brazilian planes and cars. Moreover, remittances from Brazilian Japanese are increasing year by year. In addition to remittance, Japanese working in Japan also buy new houses or invest in Brazil. According to the cultural exchange plan between Japan and Brazil, the Japanese government also provides cultural exchange funds to the Brazilian government every year.