Shandong people explore Kanto, why not choose the rich south and go to the cold land?

Braving the Guandong is the abbreviation of China's modern immigration to the Northeast, which began in the Qing Dynasty and reached its climax after the 20th century. The number and scale of immigrants are rare in human history.

Rushing to Guandong stills

The Origin of Journey to the East

Before the Qing dynasty, the vast northeast was sparsely populated, and most of the land was in an uncultivated wilderness state. In A.D. 1644, Manchu nobles entered the customs and established the Qing Dynasty. At the end of Ming dynasty and the beginning of Qing dynasty, the population of Manchu was about one million, among which more than 900,000 people moved in, especially in the northeast, which was already vast and sparsely populated? Woye is thousands of miles away, but there is no one? .

To this end, during the Shunzhi period, the list was published many times to encourage people to move to the northeast. In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), the case of recruiting people to reclaim land in Liaodong was promulgated to encourage Shanhaiguan people to reclaim land in Northeast China. For recruiting leaders, we also give various rewards, such as? Recruit people and train them to 100, and give them the title of magistrate and garrison? , less than one hundred also awarded the corresponding office; In order to attract immigrants, not only monthly rations, but also seeds and livestock are distributed. Stimulated by these encouraging policies, a large-scale migration tide has rapidly formed.

However, after the opening of the ban, a large number of Han Chinese flooded into the northeast, and the Qing government was worried that it would harm the interests of the banners and destroy the Manchu customs and order. In the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), the Qing government abolished the reclamation order and implemented the policy of closure. Later, the measures became more and more severe, from partial closure to full closure, from customs clearance to expulsion of refugees. Although the government's ban is getting more and more severe, it can't completely prevent people from entering the northeast, and smuggling happens from time to time.

It took decades to set up the Kangxi period to prevent refugees from entering the Northeast. Wicker edge? Stop people from entering the northeast. Despite the painstaking efforts of the Qing court, the refugees in the north of Qing Dynasty were repeatedly banned and kept expanding.

Braving the journey to the east has two meanings. First, in most cases, going through customs is forbidden and illegal, so you can only? Break? . Second, kanto region is cold and sparsely populated, and most places are still uninhabited. If you can dig and collect ginseng in Dongzhu, you may get rich, or you may get nothing, or even freeze to death or starve to death on the road. Therefore, going to Kanto is extremely risky, life and death are uncertain, and you need a kind of spiritual support.

Braving the journey to the east in history

The reason why Shandong people went to the north instead of the south when they crossed the east.

The main reason for the Kanto invasion was the deteriorating natural economic environment and social unrest in modern North China, which pushed bankrupt farmers and refugees to the northeast to make a living.

After the Qing Dynasty, Shandong's population soared, the population density was much higher than the national average, and the per capita cultivated land area was greatly reduced. According to statistics, the per capita cultivated land area in Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces was 4.46 mu in 185 1 year, and decreased to 3 mu around19/2, and then decreased to 2.93 mu after 1928. The intensification of the contradiction between people and land has doubled the pressure on rural areas in Shandong, and the existing land can't support the growing population at all, prompting people to migrate and find a place to make a living.

Compared with the biting cold northeast, the south is indeed rich, but this does not mean that it is a suitable place for migration. First of all, the contradiction between southerners is also fierce, and they are not lost to Shandong at all. There is no extra land left for Shandong immigrants. Jiangnan, as the most developed area of imperial economy, is also one of the most densely populated areas in China. In order to feed the population in the south of the Yangtze River with limited land, the people in the south of the Yangtze River have racked their brains and taken various measures, such as contraception, infant drowning to reduce the population, intensive cultivation to increase food production and cultivate high-quality food seeds. The influx of a large number of refugees into the south can not solve their food and clothing at all except social instability and the unexpected enemy situation of the people in the south.

Secondly, although the south is rich, it is also plagued by wars and natural disasters and is extremely unstable. Just the vigorous Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, it took the Qing government more than ten years to finally put it down, and the losses were countless. Coupled with frequent floods in the south, three years of minor disasters and five years of major disasters, agriculture has also been greatly affected, and a large number of refugees will also be produced.

Third, traffic factors. From Shandong to the northeast, it can be reached in a few days by boat, which can save a lot of money. If you go to the south, you need to walk for many days, and many families in the middle can't bear it, not to mention the long distance, and the risk of accidents on the road is greatly increased.

To sum up: going to the south is risky, there is no extra land, it is basically impossible to obtain land and other resources, and the development prospects are not great; If you go to the northeast, there is a lot of ownerless land. As long as you don't die, you can get enough land resources and have great development prospects. As the saying goes, the lesser of the two evils, whether going to the south or the northeast, is also very risky; But the probability of taking land in the northeast is much higher. That's why Shandong people choose the bitter and cold northeast instead of the rich south when they travel to the east.